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სასანიანები სამხრეთ-დასავლეთ საქართველოში: პეტრას გარნიზონის აღჭურვილობა და მომარაგება

Author(s): Tamaz Darchidze,Nika Khoperia / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 1/2023

The article examines the issues related to the presence of the Sasanian garrison in one of the main fortresses of the Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages of the Kingdom of Lazica. As has been established, Petra has played an important role in the military conflict between the Byzantine Empire and Sasanian Iran in the 6th century. The analysis of the archaeological materials found in Tsikhisdziri in recent years, combined with the written sources, confirms the Sasanian forces had indeed occupied the fortress fortified by the Byzantines during the Great Lazica War, which is one of the crucial issues for the final identification of Petra with Tsikhisdziri. This article provides an overview of the main issues of the military and political interests of Sasanian Iran in the kingdom of Lazica, the weapons and equipment of the military garrison of Petra, the nature of the distribution of Sasanian coins in southwestern Georgia and its attributes. It has been established that during the Great War, the 10-year presence of the Iranians in the Petra fortress was related to the global war circumstances, and it served a military task – to control the Lazica-Byzantium military road. There is no evidence to support any political, economic, or cultural motives behind the Sassanids' fortification in Petra. It has been established that the circulation of Sasanian coins in the region was mainly related to the payment of the wages to the garrison and was seldom used for the trade with the local population.

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‘ascendere a sommi gradi … cumular infinite ricchezze’/ ‘ascending to great heights ... cumulating infinite riches’. Legal education and professional careers in the State of Milan (16th–18th century)

Author(s): Daniela Buccomino / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The proposed contribution aims to fill some historiographical gaps on the legal formation of the 'power elite' of the State of Milan in the Modern Age in light of the changing cultural and institutional context. The main focus of the research, which is part of broader research on the history of the University, is the relationship between the training of Milanese graduates in law at the Alma Ticinensis Universitas and the careers they pursued within the magistracies and judicial institutions at the territorial level. This is also in consideration of the role played by jurists in Lombard society (16th-18th centuries). Through a series of concrete cases of ruling families, an attempt will be made to answer specific questions, such as the value of the doctoratus obtained at the Studium Publicum of the State of Milan and the role of the social class for the conferment of certain public offices and the performance of specific professions.

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Natural Law and the Defense of Freedom of Trade and Navigation in Hugo Grotius’ Mare Liberum (1609) with Regard to the Seizure of the Portuguese Carrack Santa Catarina by the Dutch during the Reign of Philip III of Spain (1603)

Author(s): Carlos Sardinha / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The conception of a Christianity submitted to Papal Power, also indirectly, on every matter concerning the spiritual well-being of the Faithful and implying a lordship of the whole world including the regulation of the relations among Christian princes and between Christians and infidels, caused the Pope to decide on the recognition of the rights of the Portuguese Crown over the discovered lands and seas. Further, according to several commentators like Baldus (1327-1400) every State could under Civil Law (iure civili) occupy part of the sea, exercising sovereignty over it “as to jurisdiction and protection” (quoad jurisdictionem et protectionem). The Portuguese Crown enjoyed a right of quasi possessio over the whole of the maritime area of the Estado da Índia (in English, State of India). The Portuguese Crown forbade to all and every person of whatsoever estate and condition, including foreigners, to sail to the lands and seas of Guinea and India and all other Portuguese lands, seas and places conquered by Portugal using ships other than the Portuguese under penalty of death and asset forfeiture. Therefore, we can say that from the establishing of the Estado da Índia flowed the imposition of the system of mare clausum upon the Indian Ocean economy. On the other hand, Hugo Grotius’ Mare Liberum (1609) consists in a coherent refutation of the arguments put forward by the Portuguese to justify their claim to mare clausum. He stresses that no one can own the sea, no one can forbid another to sail without being guilty of wrong. Because of this, the Portuguese did not hold property over the East, they had no right to exclude the Dutch from sailing to the East Indies and do business with the Indians because this right belongs to all peoples. The Chapter 11 of Grotius’ work De Indis (that is, De Jure Praedae) helps us to see the legal controversy over the seizure of the Santa Catarina from the viewpoint of a continuous and evident violation of natural law perpetrated by the Portuguese. This violation of natural law justified Admiral Van Heemskerck’s initiative of punishing the inhuman economic and trade practices of the Portuguese with the aim of restoring the much-needed freedom of trade and navigation in the region.

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Сотенная организация в городах Великого княжества Литовского

Author(s): Mikola Aljaksandravich Volkau / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

Sotnya’s (hundreds) in the cities of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the early New Age are a unique phenomenon in which Belarusian historians see traditions of the ancient Rus. However, in the sources of the 15th–18th centuries there are no mentions of continuity with the urban tradition of the previous era, and the spread of hundreds and tens in the cities on the border of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was caused by the military confrontation with the Moscow State and the Crimean Khanate. They may have originated on the basis of local traditions of the organization of the infantry, which has its roots in times of ancient Rus, at the same time on their formation could have a significant influence the pattern of organization of the Polish infantry. Hundreds and tens remained of military importance until the middle of the 17th century, but from their appearance until the 18th century, they were equally effective fiscal and administrative units and influenced local government.

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THE POLITICAL-RELIGIOUS LIFE OF THE ORTHODOX ROMANIANS FROM TRANSYLVANIA IN THE 9TH TO 16TH CENTURIES AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF WOODEN CHURCHES WITHIN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT

Author(s): Ionel Chira / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2021

The Orthodox Church in Transylvania played an overwhelming role in the history of the Romanian people, because the entire cultural and religious life of the Romanians from the intra Carpathian lands revolved around it. The churchly organization of the 14th to 18th centuries of the Transylvanian Romanians, shows that there were a large number of churches and monasteries in which many monks, priests and hierarchs, in the harshest conditions and circumstances, bravely fought the Calvinist teachings and Catholic proselytism. for preserving the faith and strengthening the unity of Romanians around the Orthodox Church. In Transylvania, the Orthodox architectural art could not develop as in Wallachia and Moldavia because of the foreign oppression. Characteristic for the religious architecture in Transylvania are the wooden churches that show significant similarities with those in the European Carpathian region.

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CLOTHING ACCORDING TO SOCIAL CLASSES IN THE MUGHAL EMPIRE: A STUDY BASED ON AKBARNAMA MINIATURES

Author(s): Ezza Nasir,Nurgül Kilinç / Language(s): English Issue: 42/2023

Clothing and accessories are important tools for understanding and expressing the social and cultural richness of civilization. The Mughals were a Turkic-Mongol dynasty that ruled over India and its surrounding regions from the 16th to the 19th century, playing a significant role in the development of culture and civilization in that area. The aim of this research is to examine the clothing characteristics of the Mughals as depicted in the miniatures from the Akbarnama. A biography of the Mughal emperor Akbar written between 1595 and 1605. Furthermore, the research aims to determine clothing characteristics based on the social classes of the era. The research follows a qualitative approach. A total of 98 miniatures from the Akbarnama were obtained from the catalogues of various museums. From these miniatures, 65 figures were selected for analysis through purposive sampling. The selection of figures was based on social class determinants. The clothing of the selected figures was analysed through observation forms, and their characteristics were described and illustrated. The obtained data were classified according to social class to reach research findings. Furthermore, the clothing was classified according to social classes, including the king, royals, governors, generals, army men, servers, and laborers, in order to determine the specific characteristics of their attire and dressing styles. This research contributes to the understanding of various social and cultural features of the Mughal era by revealing how clothing changed according to social classes during the reign of the Mughals.

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E. MICHAEL GERLI, RYAN D. GILES (edd.), The Routledge Hispanic Studies Companion to Medieval Iberia: Unity in Diversity

Author(s): David De Pablo / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2022

Review of: E. MICHAEL GERLI, RYAN D. GILES (edd.), The Routledge Hispanic Studies Companion to Medieval Iberia: Unity in Diversity, London 2021, Routledge, 668 s., ISBN 978-11-386-2932-5.

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Discussing the ‘grandmother hypothesis

Author(s): Jan Horský / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2021

The ‘grandmother hypothesis’ is connected with a distant evolutionary event of the emergence of menopause in human females and can be put to the test by (historical) demographic data for European society of the Early Modern Age and the Modern Age. Comparisons of case studies and micro-analytic probes into historical demography and cultural history of the 17th–19th c. allow us to draw certain conclusions: where the ‘grandmother effect’ (i.e. shorter inter-birth intervals in daughters or daughters-in-law alongside with a lower rate of infant and child mortality of grandchildren, in other words, fitter grandchildren) can be proven from a statistical point of view, in most cases, the effect is significantly weaker than the effect of other factors which influence infant and child mortality. Grandmothers participating in the care of their grandchildren may not have been a ‘cultural pattern’ (reflected as such by its actors), in any case, not to the degree to which a ‘cultural pattern’ was reflected in a regionally specific structure of households or the use of midwives’ services. At least in the European populations of the 17th–19th c., we can find other institutions which seem to have had a stronger impact on infant and child mortality than grandmothers taking care of their grandchildren. In this period, the grandmother effect was geographically dispersed and, at least in some cases, linked to particular social groups or segments of society (in the Czech sample, for instance, the effect was linked to lower social classes). If the grandmother effect increasing the fitness of grandchildren is more pronounced with maternal grandmothers (which is yet to be generally proven), we must ask why cultural evolution ‘chose’ the adaptively less favourable option of patrilinear structure of family households. An example of such structure can be found in a consistent patrilocality of marriages and patrilineality of the family structure in classical antiquity, which, in the European environ ment, has survived until recently southeast of the so-called Hajnal Line. Research in demography and cultural history of the 17th–19th c. European society seems to strongly support the following claim, which from the perspective of evolutionary anthropology or evolutionary biology is merely a hypothetical supposition: The ‘grandmother effect’ may have been the cause of the menopause as an evolutionary adaptation. Nonetheless, while this phenomenon has been present in human population since ancient times (prehistory or antiquity), it was merely one of many mutually complementary, alternative, and more or less adaptive (i.e. fitness-increasing) forms of infant and child care.

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Early modern mobilities and people on the move: an epistemological challenge

Author(s): Marie-Elizabeth Ducreux / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2020

This essay concentrates on various aspects of mobility and motion and explores the issues of approaches and methods in history research and forms of history writing on things and people on the move in early modern times. The so-called mobility turn initiated countless new studies. Nonetheless, those publications are strikingly heterogeneous in their approaches and practices. It seems sometimes that, although we historians may be fully aware of how many categories have been eroded, how profoundly the internal historiographical clusters and boundaries have been deconstructed, we are still grappling with how best to arrange and relate structures, facts, contexts and theoretical reassessments. This essay calls for a critical historiographical self-reflection. It sets out by broaching Migration and Mobility as a social sciences and history field. Then, it briefly deals with questions of temporality and the challenges in connection to the early modern period, before developing the touchstones of the archival and methodological challenges we are facing: Sources, Traces, Archives, Facts, Levels and Scales. In addition, this paper outlines a case study and connects it to suggestions made by other scholars who have addressed the role of exile and emigration in conversion and religious affiliation. Finally, it considers how new micro-historical approaches may help historians reconcile the encounter between the global and the local when writing history

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Transfer vědění, nebo rétorika exilu? Pobělohorští exulanti a jejich sebeprezentace v písemnostech Hartlibova okruhu

Author(s): Vladimír Urbánek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2020

As documented in numerous recent historical studies, migration for religious reasons was closely related to the transfer of knowledge in the early modern period. The aim of this essay is to analyse the self-presentation of migrants from the Bohemian Lands during the Thirty Years’ War who presented themselves as both persecuted religious exiles and as experts or innovators. This mixture of two discourses helped them negotiate their expertise and search for patronage using a correspondence network centred around the London-based polymath Samuel Hartlib. This communication network served as an informal intellectual infrastructure which facilitated knowledge transfer and functioned as an intermediary between the individual interests of historical actors and broader concerns of public interest. The article entails two case studies which discuss correspondence and other manuscript material produced by two historical actors in the 1630s and 1640s. The first deals with a Moravian noble, Johann Christoph Berger of Berg, who presented himself as a technological inventor, mine drainage expert and attempted to meet the demand for useful knowledge. The second case study deals with Cyprian Kinner, a Silesian scholar who reacted to Hartlib’s project of the ‘Office of Address’. Kinner presented himself as an expert in communication and offered to organise a branch of this office in Silesia engaging local scholars with the aim to create a network financed by the English Parliament. Both Berger of Berg and Kinner combined the narrative of exile, using various biblical allusions, with the self-confident rhetoric of experts and innovators who can offer their skills and knowledge in proof of their reciprocal usefulness.

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ALAIN CORBIN, JEAN-JACQUES COURTINE, GEORGES VIGARELLO (edd.), Histoire des émotions

Author(s): Ondřej Švec / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2018

Review of: ALAIN CORBIN, JEAN-JACQUES COURTINE, GEORGES VIGARELLO (edd.), Histoire des émotions, díl 1: De l’Antiquité aux Lumières, Paris 2016, Seuil, 536 s., ISBN 978-2021177299; ALAIN CORBIN, JEAN-JACQUES COURTINE, GEORGES VIGARELLO (edd.), Histoire des émotions, díl 2: Des Lumières à la fin du XIX e siècle, Paris 2016, Seuil, 470 s., ISBN 978-2021177367

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ONDŘEJ JAKUBEC, Kde jest, ó smrti, osten tvůj? Renesanční epitafy v kultuře umírání a vzpomínání raného novověku

Author(s): Tomáš Malý / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2017

Review of: ONDŘEJ JAKUBEC, Kde jest, ó smrti, osten tvůj? Renesanční epitafy v kultuře umírání a vzpomínání raného novověku, Praha 2015, Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, 482 s., ISBN 978-80-7422-509-3.

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ÇAĞDAŞ AZERBAYCAN TARİH BİLİMİNDE TÜRKİYE TARİHİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI DERECESİ

Author(s): Sani Haciyev / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 59/2023

In modern Azerbaijan historiography, in addition to the history of the Azerbaijan, many issues of world history are studied. One of the reasons why Azerbaijani historians show great interest in the history of Turkiye is that both countries have a common history, in addition to language, religion and culture. The common values of the history of Azerbaijan and Turkiye, both during the reign of the Seljuks and in the 15th -17th centuries, when there were close ties with the Ottomans, are among the topics of research by Azerbaijani historians in nowadays. Simultaneously, the regional policy of the Ottoman state in the 18th -19th centuries, the empire of Nadir Afshar, relations with the Azerbaijani khanates and the Qajar state are also the subject of research conducted by Azerbaijani historians. The establishment of the Republic of Turkiye after the collapse of the Ottoman state has led to great changes in the history of both Turkiye and the region. Although it was possible to establish close relations between the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Turkiye, with the establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan, the relations between the two countries altered to a different level, and political, economic, and cultural relations weakened. Simultaneously, attention to the contemporary history of Turkiye has not decreased, despite all the limitations, the research of individual issues of the history of the Republic of Turkiye has been continued. After the restoration of its independence, Azerbaijani historians, who had the opportunity to work in many archives of the world, including Turkish archives, have expanded their investigation on the history of the Republic of Turkiye, especially the history of foreign policy. Detailed investigation of these issues in Azerbaijani historiography has led to the creation of large scientific schools.

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Raec’ka kniha mista L’vova (1460-1506) / Liber Consulum Civitatis Leopoliensis -Das Ratsbuch der Stadt Lemberg (1460-1506). Hrsg. von Myron Kapral’ und Bohdana Petryšak

Author(s): Jürgen Heyde / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2023

Review of: Raec’ka kniha mista L’vova (1460-1506) / Liber Consulum Civitatis Leopoliensis [Das Ratsbuch der Stadt Lemberg (1460-1506). Hrsg. von Myron Kapral’ und Bohdana Petryšak (L’vivs’ki istoryčni praci. Džerela / Opera Historica Leopolitana. Fontes, Bd. 9.) Central’nyj deržavnyj istoryčnyj archiv Ukraïny. L’viv 2020. 848 S., Ill. ISBN 978-617-7746-69-9

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გზები ქსნის ხეობაში

Author(s): David Akhlouri / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 8/2022

Ksani valley, due to its geographical location, has played an important role in the political, economic and cultural life of Georgia since time immemorial. It is located in the western part of the Mtskheta-Mtianeti region and is administratively within the framework of three municipalities. It belongs to Akhalgori municipality from Khloi Tbi to Odzei, Odzei is a village of Dusheti municipality, and from Tsovris to Tsikhisdzire is Mtskheti municipality. There were two important political units in the Ksani valley: Saeristavo and Samukhranbatono of Ksani, which were connected to each other, as well as to different regions of Georgia and the North Caucasus by a number of important roads. The paper talks about the roads connecting the Ksani valley both internally and with the outside world. At the beginning, attention is paid to the important factors of the promotion of Largvis, the former center of Saeristavo, among which the roads and paths existing here were given a leading role. Roads coming from the valleys of Churti, Karchokh-Zhamuri and Niazum converged in Largvis. In addition, it included the valleys of Saeristavo Iviri, Little Liakhvi and Kholot-Kvitkiri of Niazm (later Ksni). In the work, a proper place is given to the roads connecting these valleys with Kartli Bar or Transcaucasia. From the middle of the 14th century, when the possession of the Eristavas of Ksni increased sharply in the direction of the Kartli Vaki and the residence of the Eristavas gradually moved from the north to the south, which should have happened at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries, the new center of Saeristavo, Akhalgori, acquired the function of connecting the mountain and the bar. By the second half of the 17th century, one of the powerful principalities in Georgia already covered a large area: the valleys of Ksni, Alevi, Safersheti, Churti, Niazm, Karchokhi, Zhamuri, MaghranDvaleti sankhas, a significant part of the Lekhuri valley, Kholot-Kvitkiri, Isuri, Mejudi, Tsromi. , small Liakhvi valleys and the foothills. The road network is also growing and becoming more important. In the paper, the main roads of the inter-rural and Ksani Saeristavo regions are highlighted, among which the roads connecting Akhalgori - Tbilisi, Akhalgori - Ananuri, Akhalgori - Dariali Gorge, Mejvriskhevi - Dariali Gorge, Mejvriskhevi - Tbilisi, Mejvriskhevi - Gori and Mejvriskhevi - Tskhinvali are highlighted. The role assigned to these roads in the political and economic life of the capital and the country is highlighted. We are also talking about the measures that the Royal Court implemented in connection with the maintenance of roads in accordance with the appropriate legislation. Many Georgian and foreign travelers do not use the roads in the Ksani valley, their story has a proper place in the work. At the end of the paper, the sad reality that followed the August 2008 war is reviewed; Today, the roads connecting the Ksni valley and especially the mountainous region with the outside world are on the brink of collapse due to lack of maintenance.

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ჭარმაულთა გვარის მოხელე პირების სამოხელეო თანამდებობები

Author(s): Otar Zhizhiashvili / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 8/2022

The subject, which is presented in the form of the article, is mainly one of the important research topics of the doctoral research (feudal house of the Charmul’s family of the XIII-XVIII centuries). Here is a brief introduction to some of the members of this genus who, at various times according to historical documents and narrative sources, held both ecclesiastical and secular positions. The Charmuli’s family held the position of Aragvi Eristavi for some time. In addition, they were members of the church council - "Mtskhetishvili" institute and hold this position. The article discusses the activities of individual representatives of the family of Charmauli and their official positions, which were given at different times with the support of the kings and Catholics. In this regard, an important place is occupied by Iovane Charmauli, who is the first from this family to become “Mtskhetshishvili” and in the future lays the foundation of the family of Charmauli in the "Mtskhetshishvili" institution. Since Iovane, the Charmaulis have been one of the twelve important families of Mtskhetshishvili. Apart from Iovane, Giorgi Charmauli, a 16th century figure, enjoys the trust of the church and writes important documents on the orders of the highest clergy and holds the position of scribe. In 1531, Basil the Catholicos even gave him a deed of mercy, which is interesting in its content. In 1657, Christopher Catholicos gave the title of “Merikiphetukhutsesi” to Zacharia Charmauli, and in 1675 Domenti Catholicos gave him another title of “Mouravi” (Chief) of the village of Aghain. Both Catholics paid a lot of attention to the same person, which is explained by his devotion to the Church. The documents that provide us with important information on the issue raised by us during the research on these and other important issues, most of them have not been published and this is important in this regard as well.

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Infectious Diseases and Their Treatment in Georgian Written Sources

Author(s): Liana Samkurashvili,Irina Gogonaia,Tamar Abuladze,Lela Shatirishvili,Natia Khizanishvili / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2022

The article reviews the manuscripts of medical content (fundamental works - Medical Book ("Thsigni Saakimoi"), "Yadigar Daud", "Incomparable Qarabadin" (“Ustsoro Karabadini”), collections, separate works, qarabadins), the chronological framework of which includes the 10th-19th centuries, they reflect information about infectious diseases and their treatment; also, medical references in the memoirs with a focus on the public perceptions, causes, and management of these diseases. The article presents the material in terms of belonging to the chronological, sectoral and cultural environment: the role of the authors or translators of the works in terms of knowledge about epidemiological diseases, the establishment of special terminology, the introduction of Eastern and European traditions. The Georgian manuscripts reflect the diagnosis of some infectious diseases - plague, cholera, leprosy, smallpox, typhoid - the influence of regional and social characteristics of the infected on the spread and course of diseases, traditional, folk, and contemporary scientific methods of treatment, including vaccination, isolation/lockdown, and escaping tactics, other anti-epidemic measures. These manuscripts contain references to Eastern, Muslim, and European, as well as Russian physicians and scientists (Galen, Jenner, and others); To some extent, it presents the details of society's approach to infectious diseases, in general, the general knowledge and picture of the development of medicine in a specific historical context.

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From the History of Levant Bonding Company

Author(s): Isolda Beltadze / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2023

From the history of the economic development of England in the 16th-18th centuries, it is very important to study the history of the origin, activities, management bodies of one of the bond companies, namely Levant, and evaluate its role in the economic development of the country. The Levant Company originated in 1581 and maintained its monopoly in the Levant countries until 1753. In the middle Ages, the countries of the Mediterranean Sea - Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Greece belonged to the countries of the Levant, which were part of the Ottoman Empire. The Levant Bond Company, together with other companies: East India, West India, Moscow, East, Virginia, played an important role in the economic development of England. The Levant Company was one of the joint-stock companies, which differed from the early (1506) London Company of Merchant Adventurers. In addition to the Londoners, the provincial merchants were united in the Levant Company, and also most of them in three or more companies. If it were not for the large capital of the merchants, they would not be able to participate in the trade affairs of several companies at the same time. A member of the Levant Company had to be a bitumen trader or of seven years' service, under 25 years of age, and had to pay £25, and over that age twice that, £50. Each of them, upon entering the company, had to take an oath that he would not send goods to the Levant, except at his own expense, would not transfer the goods to persons without them, but would only transfer them to the representatives and factors of the company (persons equipped with trust-I.B.). The charter of 1661 defined the rule of the company's management. According to the charter, the company manager (governor), who had a deputy and assistants, was elected annually at the general meeting. The company also appointed its consuls. The company had a court or board in London, consisting of a manager, a deputy manager, and twelve directors or assistants, who actually had to live in or around London. They also had a deputy governor in every town and port where members of the company had to be. It turns out that the Levant shipping company was a rich one, whose geographical area was quite wide and included ports in Turkey, Italy, Spain, France, Catalonia and other countries. The company exported a large quantity of coarse wool, which was in great demand, especially in Turkey,. From where the Janissary corps was sewn to Faraja. Finally, the English cloth trade in the countries of the Levant left a large profit for England. Also, the import of oriental goods (raw materials) silk, cotton contributed to the development of relevant production, which led to the economic advancement of the country.

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U sjeni kancelara. Službenici obitelji Morosini i Grimani u Savičenti od kasnoga 15. do početka 17. stoljeća

Author(s): Danijela Doblanović Šuran / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 64/2023

Based on the extensive correspondence between the feudal lords of Savičenta (the Morosini and Grimani families) in Venice and their officials, chancellors and captains in Savičenta, as well as various other sources (court proceedings, reports, contracts, statutory provisions, etc.) stored in the Grimani e Barbarigo collection in the State Archives (Archivio di Stato) in Venice, this paper sheds light on the role and activities of the captain and the chancellor, as well as their relationship. Special emphasis is placed on the godfather ties between the families of the chancellor and the captain, as well as the moments and reasons for their conflicts. While the captain’s term was relatively short (initially five, later reduced to three years), the chancellery was firmly held by the Quinzano family for over a century. The position was passed down from fathers to their sons. The long mandate of the chancellor allowed members of this prominent family to accumulate wealth, often at the expense of the feudal lords. This aspect of the Quinzano family’s activities is specifically analysed, including the reasons for their conflicts with the captains and the numerous connections they established to secure a solid base among prominent community members, as well as ordinary people, farmers, and livestock breeders.

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Snježana Paušek-Baždar: Dubrovački prirodoslovci u vrhu povijesti znanosti (od 15. do 19. stoljeća)

Author(s): Željka Metesi Deronjić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/168/2022

Review of: Snježana Paušek-Baždar: Dubrovački prirodoslovci u vrhu povijesti znanosti (od 15. do 19. stoljeća), Ogranak Matice hrvatske u Dubrovniku, Dubrovnik 2020.

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