:Inštitút manželstva v novoveku na pozadí sporu o rozluku Jána Dubničku versus Alžbety Magyaryovej

Author(s): Adriana Švecová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2016

Marriage was considered an institution subject to Church law from the beginning of Christianity in ancient Rome. As a result, marital disputes concerning the origin, existence and dissolution of marriages between Catholics or between Catholics and members of other churches belonged exclusively to the jurisdiction of the courts of the Catholic Church and were decided according to canon law. The author introduces the study with a general consideration of Catholic legal or canonist teaching, binding not only in the Kingdom of Hungary, but in the whole Catholic Church according to the norms valid after the Council of Trent. The account is based mainly on commentaries and glosses by modern civil law experts from Hungary. However, the general theoretical consideration forms only the essential and considerably reduced theoretical basis for the second part of the study, which is conceived as one of the first legal history soundings into the history of the institution of marriage in Slovakia using the example of an ecclesiastical court case on the temporary separation or annulment of the marriage of the Dubničkas, who lived in the Free Royal Borough of Trnava in the first half of the 19th century. The dispute caused a prolonged conflict, which grew beyond the private family sphere and became a publicly known social scandal and lifelong trauma especially for the husband Ján Dubnička, explicitly presented in his will, which reveals the intimate, psychic level of the whole micro-historic dispute.

16. Yüzyıl Çorum Nahiyesi’nde Nüfus ve Yerleşim Özellikleri

Author(s): Hakan Yazar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

In the Ottoman classical age, timar system played an important part in the center of economic life especially in the rural areas. The Ottomans, made a kind of population census and land surveys called tahrir, at certain intervals to compute and register estimated tax revenues. Based on tahrir registers, population of the district center and its countryside besides of the district’s geographical and juridical area are inferenced. Similarly, changes in agricultural potential of the rural area and its affects on inhabitants are discussed thorougly. The data acquired from the tahrir registers are compared to the other sanjaks of the Rum Province and revealed the economic and demographic changes of Çorum during the 16th century.

16. Yüzyılda Kırım'da Köle Ticareti

Author(s): Zübeyde Günes Yağcı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 8/2006

The Ottomans completely controlled the Black Sea trade including slave trade after the conquest of Constantinople. Up to the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire met its slave needs from the war captives and from frontier raids in the Balkans. However, the increasing military resistance in Europe against the Ottomans forced them to find out other ways to meet the demand for slave. Therefore, the Crimean Khanate took over this opportunity and began to export slaves to the Ottoman Empire. It was after this that the Crimean Tatars began to organise raids into Russia, Poland and Caucasus for slaves, and they filled the Ottoman and Egyptian slave markets.

16. YÜZYILDA OSMANLI PADİŞAHLARININ POLİTİK, EKONOMİK VE MANEVİ GÜÇ KAYNAĞI OLARAK HANEDANA YÖNELİK TEMLİKLERİ

Author(s): Zafer Karademir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

It was accepted that the Ottoman sultans were the sole owner of the financial resources in the country. According to this understanding, the sultans could donate the resources they controlled under the status of mülk (property) and within the framework of the rules of law. This article examines the reasons for the distribution of the mülks given by the Ottoman sultans, who ruled in the 16th century, to the members of the dynasty by the method of temliks (given property), and the results of these opportunities provided to the members of the ruling family. Within the scope of the study, the temliknâmes (property papers) obtained from the Presidency Ottoman Archives of the Presidency of the State Archives of the Republic of Turkey were evaluated in detail. The positive or negative effects of these mülks on the economic order are the focus of the article. In addition, how the financial resources subject to assignment were protected; when these cannot be protected who intervenes in these assets are the questions to be answered. It can be said that the temlik practices, which were spread throughout the country and had quite different types, were designed as a "temlik network". With this structure, the sultans and the central bureaucracy connected to them both tried to leave the important income sources of the state within the family and kept the balance within the dynasty under their control. Many people, from the female members of the dynasty to the grooms, were fed from this network. Despite all the legal and physical protections, the dynasty's properties experienced outside interventions, but they were tried to be prevented by legal means.

16. Yüzyılın Sonlarında Balkanlarda Bir Maden İşletmesi: Kamengrad Demir Madeni

Author(s): Mehtap Çelik / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2020

In this paper, the form of organization and management of iron facilities that were among the important resources of revenue for the Ottoman state treasury is aimed to be elaborated by focusing on a micro-scale geography. The number of studies concentrating on the issue of mining facilities is very limited amongst the studies focusing on the Ottoman economic history and conducted for the classical era. Hence, this study is important as a contribution to the Ottoman financial and administrative history. It is observed that the Ottoman Empire turning into an important power in the Anatolia and Balkans during the era of Fatih Sultan Mehmet captured almost all of the mining sites in these territories as it facilitated self-sufficiency policy of the Empire in terms of both financial and military concerns, and consequently tried to improve the legal status of mining sites by continuously issuing mining code of laws (kanunnâme) starting from the beginning of the classical era in order to keep the mining facilities under control and to prevent disruption in production. As it is known, Balkans was a region of rich silver, iron and copper ores. There were rich mines of iron in Bosnia, where the case study area is located, in addition to gold and silver mines. And one of these mines was Kamengrad iron mine that was put into operation towards the end of the 16th century. Kamengrad iron mine providing one of the important raw materials required in the Ottoman manufacturing system industry was operated under the control. The Empire acting sensitively in the protection of both the mines and reâyâ (the Ottoman subject class composed of mainly peasants and farmers) working in these mines took all the necessary precautions in order to sustain the production of iron in this mine without any interruption, and by doing so, tried to meet, in general, the army’s, and in particular nearby castles’ demand for cannonball ammunition.

1652-53 Tarihli Şer’iye Sicili'ne Göre Temeşvar

Author(s): Ömer Biyik / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 45/2015

Becoming a province of Ottoman in 1552, Temeshwar was under ruled of Ottoman Empire for 166 years. In the present study, Court Registers of Temeshwar dated 1652-53 were reviewed. Original of this register was kept at Historical Archive of Sarajevo in Bosnia-Herzegovina. One copy of it is at Kadı Registers Catalogue of Turkish Religious Foundation Center for Islamic Studies (ISAM). The register mentioned is the unique Kadı register in Temeshwar located on modern Romania. The article presents overall administrative status of the province and gives new information on social and cultural life of Temeshwar in the 17.Century.

438 NO`LU MUHÂSEBE- VLÂYET- ANADOLU DEFTERNE GÖRE XVI. YÜZYILIN LK ÇEYREGNDE HONAZ KAZÂSI

Author(s): Bilal Yildiz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 21/2014

In this study, socio-economic aspects of Honaz Township in the first quarter of XVIth century, which was an important township of Kutahya City which was a state of Ottoman Empire in its golden age, will be examined in the framework of Anatolian Accounting Register which dates from 1530 and numbered 438. The register mentioned above has all necessary sources such as wealth sources, population movements, ethnic structure, foundations, administrative and military structure, system of the state. The main aim of this work is to eliminate the deficiencies by evaluating all data in the register written in Suleyman The Magnificent’s time and works about Honaz and its income sources, settlement, population, foundations, socio-cultural structure of that period and also provide materials which can be used safely and easily by the historians who search this topic.

500-lecie Hołdu Pruskiego (1525–2025). Inicjujemy obchody Wielkiego Jubileuszu

Author(s): Maciej Grabski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2019

80 години Исторически музей – Самоков

Author(s): Albena Simova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

90 години от рождението на доцент доктор Стоян Иванов Маслев

Author(s): Annie Dancheva-Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2013

Anniversary Information

A 16. század magyar hitvallásai a lelkipásztori szolgálatról

Author(s): István Antal / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 6/2011

A 16–17. századi baszkföldi és erdélyi boszorkányperek összehasonlítása

Author(s): Eszter Miklós / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2017

This paper seeks to point out the characteristics of the witch hysteria and the view of witches in the Basque Country, which played an essential role in the cessation of witch-hunts and of burnings at the stake in Spain in 1614. It analyses the contrast between the characteristics of the Basque witch-hunts and those in Transylvania. The paper compares the typical view of witches in Transylvania, especially Cluj-Napoca, from the point of view of the people’s beliefs and of the elite’s demonology, by highlighting the characteristics of the view of witches in the area, the main types of accusations, the motives of the reports and the procedures against witches. By pointing out these characteristics, we can see how the demonistic and vampiristic notion of the view of witches in the Basque Country contributed to the cessation of the witch-hunts, and the circumstances in which witch-hunts intensified in Transylvania at about the same time.

A Bakics családról (16-17. század)

Author(s): László Fülöp / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2019

The testament is first and foremost about the inheritance of estates. The estates at issue are the following: Holics (Slovak: Holič) at the Moravian border, where Bakics had several houses either built or enlarged by himself; Sassin (Hungarian: Sasvár, Slovak: Šaštín); Boboldán (probably Bobót in Hungarian, Bobota in Slovak), and a Moravian village (Napajedla—Czechia). These castles and mansions, of course, included farms, lands, meadows, vineyards, mills, livestock, i.e. cattle.

A baranyai Bogády család Trencsén vármegyében

Author(s): László Fülöp / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2018

The choice of the above address is not accidental. The praedicatum of this Hungarian noble family extinct on female line, indicates that they probably originally did not live in Trencsén. Our renowned genealogists only briefly deal with the family and its members, which is understandable, as there was no successor who could have provided relevant information on the male line. The purpose of this paper is to address this shortcoming of the aforementioned books on the basis of a strange testament, and, at the same time, to analyse and interpret the testament itself.

A Batthyány-kultusz

Author(s): András Gerő / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A BIBLIAI PARADICSOMTÓL MOZART PÁSZTORKIRÁLYÁIG

Author(s): István Borzsák / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1-2/2002

Metastasio, the librettist of Mozart’s “Il re pastore” wrote his libretto on the basis of Curtius Rufus and according to the claims of his epoch and royal court of Maria Theresa with due knots. Aminta, mounted the throne by the favour of Alexander the Great, is nobody else as Abdalonymus, mentioned repeatedly by ancient authors. He was bearer of mythic oriental traditions whose figure was transformed to (the invented) Cincinnatus, incarnating the ancient Roman ideals. Recently, the orientalist W. Fauth revealed the far-ramified treasure of this oriental tradition in his wide-ranging study. By its help the classical philologist can establish unexpected coherences between the cosmological relations of the ancient oriental royal symbolics and the phenomena, unexplained so far, of the Greco-Roman culture (descriptions of paradise, Roma quadrata, political motives of the rise of Roman historiography, etc.). As addition to the subject presented itself the contemporary description of the game reserve at Vienna of the Austrian archduke Maximilian (the later Emperor and King) as an attempt to put into practice the antique idea of paradise in modern Europe.

A bíráskodás jogforrásai az erdélyi fejedelmi táblán a 16. században

Author(s): Zsolt Bogdándi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2021

This study presents the different manuscript or published sources of law that were referred to in the course of litigation in the Transylvanian central court of law, the Royal/Voivodal/Princely Table (Tabula, Curia) and its court of appeal, the court of personal presence in the second half of the 16th century. Based on the analyzed archival sources – mainly the various allegationes made by the lawyers – one can conclude that different sources provided the grounds that were frequently given for the decisions of the court. The data presented shows that besides the Tripartitum, which was mostly referred to, the lawyers used during the litigations the laws of the Hungarian Kingdom, the Decreta of the Transylvanian diets and the Table even judged some cases according to its own custom.

A birodalom, a birodalmi államjog és a protestánsok

Author(s): Gabriele Haug-Moritz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2014

The paper seeks to answer the following question: How did the political practice of the Protestant Estates change in the Holy Roman Empire under the influence of the developing imperial state law elaborated mostly by Protestant legal experts. The author presents three case-studies. At first she focuses on the Imperial Diet of Augsburg held during the Schmalkaldic War in 1550. In the second case she examines the debates on the implementation of the decrees of the Westphalia peace treaties around 1650. The third scrutiny sheds light upon a conflict between the Aulic Council and the league of the Protestant Estates, known as Corpus Evangelicorum, which took place subsequent to the War of the Austrian Succession in 1750. The analysis demonstrates the underlying difference between the examined eras. Despite the diminishing imperial influence, the model of a Catholic Empire headed by the Emperor was not questioned during the 16th century. From the beginning of the 17th century, however, imperial state law, elaborated predominantly by Protestant legists and supported by the Protestant Princes, had already queried the leading role of the Emperor. The common political stand of the Protestants, which had grown strong after the Peace of Westphalia, resulted in a more and more powerful interpretation of the Empire that derived from the Catholic understanding essentially. The struggle between the two conceptions led to the gradual paralysation of the political system from the mid-18th century, which finally contributed to the dissolution of the Empire as well.

A Clown’s Journey: 3 X 7

Author(s): Natalia Afeyan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

A clown travels through times and identities. A personage is handed over to different creators and audiences. A voice changes its purpose. This article observes the metamorphoses of Pierrot from Commedia dell’arte through the romantic malheureux, the decadent Dandy to the perpetual loser and peace-seeker of the turn of the century, following the works of three authors: Giraud, Hartleben, and Schönberg. When and where is this journey going to end? – We don’t know.

A Cold Welcome from Ohio

Author(s): Lajos Rácz / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2020

The review of: White, Sam. 2017. Cold Welcome: The Little Ice Age and Europe’s Encounter with North America. Harvard University Press. 376.