:Inštitút manželstva v novoveku na pozadí sporu o rozluku Jána Dubničku versus Alžbety Magyaryovej

Author(s): Adriana Švecová / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2016

Marriage was considered an institution subject to Church law from the beginning of Christianity in ancient Rome. As a result, marital disputes concerning the origin, existence and dissolution of marriages between Catholics or between Catholics and members of other churches belonged exclusively to the jurisdiction of the courts of the Catholic Church and were decided according to canon law. The author introduces the study with a general consideration of Catholic legal or canonist teaching, binding not only in the Kingdom of Hungary, but in the whole Catholic Church according to the norms valid after the Council of Trent. The account is based mainly on commentaries and glosses by modern civil law experts from Hungary. However, the general theoretical consideration forms only the essential and considerably reduced theoretical basis for the second part of the study, which is conceived as one of the first legal history soundings into the history of the institution of marriage in Slovakia using the example of an ecclesiastical court case on the temporary separation or annulment of the marriage of the Dubničkas, who lived in the Free Royal Borough of Trnava in the first half of the 19th century. The dispute caused a prolonged conflict, which grew beyond the private family sphere and became a publicly known social scandal and lifelong trauma especially for the husband Ján Dubnička, explicitly presented in his will, which reveals the intimate, psychic level of the whole micro-historic dispute.

1652-53 Tarihli Şer’iye Sicili'ne Göre Temeşvar

Author(s): Ömer Biyik / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 45/2015

Becoming a province of Ottoman in 1552, Temeshwar was under ruled of Ottoman Empire for 166 years. In the present study, Court Registers of Temeshwar dated 1652-53 were reviewed. Original of this register was kept at Historical Archive of Sarajevo in Bosnia-Herzegovina. One copy of it is at Kadı Registers Catalogue of Turkish Religious Foundation Center for Islamic Studies (ISAM). The register mentioned is the unique Kadı register in Temeshwar located on modern Romania. The article presents overall administrative status of the province and gives new information on social and cultural life of Temeshwar in the 17.Century.

438 NO`LU MUHÂSEBE- VLÂYET- ANADOLU DEFTERNE GÖRE XVI. YÜZYILIN LK ÇEYREGNDE HONAZ KAZÂSI

Author(s): Bilal Yildiz / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 21/2014

In this study, socio-economic aspects of Honaz Township in the first quarter of XVIth century, which was an important township of Kutahya City which was a state of Ottoman Empire in its golden age, will be examined in the framework of Anatolian Accounting Register which dates from 1530 and numbered 438. The register mentioned above has all necessary sources such as wealth sources, population movements, ethnic structure, foundations, administrative and military structure, system of the state. The main aim of this work is to eliminate the deficiencies by evaluating all data in the register written in Suleyman The Magnificent’s time and works about Honaz and its income sources, settlement, population, foundations, socio-cultural structure of that period and also provide materials which can be used safely and easily by the historians who search this topic.

80 години Исторически музей – Самоков

Author(s): Albena Simova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2016

90 години от рождението на доцент доктор Стоян Иванов Маслев

Author(s): Annie Dancheva-Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1-2/2013

Anniversary Information

A 16. század magyar hitvallásai a lelkipásztori szolgálatról

Author(s): István Antal / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 6/2011

A 16–17. századi baszkföldi és erdélyi boszorkányperek összehasonlítása

Author(s): Eszter Miklós / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2017

This paper seeks to point out the characteristics of the witch hysteria and the view of witches in the Basque Country, which played an essential role in the cessation of witch-hunts and of burnings at the stake in Spain in 1614. It analyses the contrast between the characteristics of the Basque witch-hunts and those in Transylvania. The paper compares the typical view of witches in Transylvania, especially Cluj-Napoca, from the point of view of the people’s beliefs and of the elite’s demonology, by highlighting the characteristics of the view of witches in the area, the main types of accusations, the motives of the reports and the procedures against witches. By pointing out these characteristics, we can see how the demonistic and vampiristic notion of the view of witches in the Basque Country contributed to the cessation of the witch-hunts, and the circumstances in which witch-hunts intensified in Transylvania at about the same time.

A Bakics családról (16-17. század)

Author(s): László Fülöp / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2019

The testament is first and foremost about the inheritance of estates. The estates at issue are the following: Holics (Slovak: Holič) at the Moravian border, where Bakics had several houses either built or enlarged by himself; Sassin (Hungarian: Sasvár, Slovak: Šaštín); Boboldán (probably Bobót in Hungarian, Bobota in Slovak), and a Moravian village (Napajedla—Czechia). These castles and mansions, of course, included farms, lands, meadows, vineyards, mills, livestock, i.e. cattle.

A baranyai Bogády család Trencsén vármegyében

Author(s): László Fülöp / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2018

The choice of the above address is not accidental. The praedicatum of this Hungarian noble family extinct on female line, indicates that they probably originally did not live in Trencsén. Our renowned genealogists only briefly deal with the family and its members, which is understandable, as there was no successor who could have provided relevant information on the male line. The purpose of this paper is to address this shortcoming of the aforementioned books on the basis of a strange testament, and, at the same time, to analyse and interpret the testament itself.

A Batthyány-kultusz

Author(s): András Gerő / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A BIBLIAI PARADICSOMTÓL MOZART PÁSZTORKIRÁLYÁIG

Author(s): István Borzsák / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1-2/2002

Metastasio, the librettist of Mozart’s “Il re pastore” wrote his libretto on the basis of Curtius Rufus and according to the claims of his epoch and royal court of Maria Theresa with due knots. Aminta, mounted the throne by the favour of Alexander the Great, is nobody else as Abdalonymus, mentioned repeatedly by ancient authors. He was bearer of mythic oriental traditions whose figure was transformed to (the invented) Cincinnatus, incarnating the ancient Roman ideals. Recently, the orientalist W. Fauth revealed the far-ramified treasure of this oriental tradition in his wide-ranging study. By its help the classical philologist can establish unexpected coherences between the cosmological relations of the ancient oriental royal symbolics and the phenomena, unexplained so far, of the Greco-Roman culture (descriptions of paradise, Roma quadrata, political motives of the rise of Roman historiography, etc.). As addition to the subject presented itself the contemporary description of the game reserve at Vienna of the Austrian archduke Maximilian (the later Emperor and King) as an attempt to put into practice the antique idea of paradise in modern Europe.

A birodalom, a birodalmi államjog és a protestánsok

Author(s): Gabriele Haug-Moritz / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2014

The paper seeks to answer the following question: How did the political practice of the Protestant Estates change in the Holy Roman Empire under the influence of the developing imperial state law elaborated mostly by Protestant legal experts. The author presents three case-studies. At first she focuses on the Imperial Diet of Augsburg held during the Schmalkaldic War in 1550. In the second case she examines the debates on the implementation of the decrees of the Westphalia peace treaties around 1650. The third scrutiny sheds light upon a conflict between the Aulic Council and the league of the Protestant Estates, known as Corpus Evangelicorum, which took place subsequent to the War of the Austrian Succession in 1750. The analysis demonstrates the underlying difference between the examined eras. Despite the diminishing imperial influence, the model of a Catholic Empire headed by the Emperor was not questioned during the 16th century. From the beginning of the 17th century, however, imperial state law, elaborated predominantly by Protestant legists and supported by the Protestant Princes, had already queried the leading role of the Emperor. The common political stand of the Protestants, which had grown strong after the Peace of Westphalia, resulted in a more and more powerful interpretation of the Empire that derived from the Catholic understanding essentially. The struggle between the two conceptions led to the gradual paralysation of the political system from the mid-18th century, which finally contributed to the dissolution of the Empire as well.

A Clown’s Journey: 3 X 7

Author(s): Natalia Afeyan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

A clown travels through times and identities. A personage is handed over to different creators and audiences. A voice changes its purpose. This article observes the metamorphoses of Pierrot from Commedia dell’arte through the romantic malheureux, the decadent Dandy to the perpetual loser and peace-seeker of the turn of the century, following the works of three authors: Giraud, Hartleben, and Schönberg. When and where is this journey going to end? – We don’t know.

A Cold Welcome from Ohio

Author(s): Lajos Rácz / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2020

The review of: White, Sam. 2017. Cold Welcome: The Little Ice Age and Europe’s Encounter with North America. Harvard University Press. 376.

A CONTEMPORARY DOCUMENT ON ŠAIH HAMZA FROM ORLOVIĆI (BOSNIA)

Author(s): Adem Handžić / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2019

Authors wrote earlier about Hamza Dede and his tekye, that he erected in 1519 in the village Orlovići, not far from the old castle Kušlat (on the road Vlasenica-Zvornik). Even S. Bašagić touched upon this in his works, and then others also referred to it (M. Karanović, R. Muderizović). Dr Muhamed Hadžijahić particularly dealt with that question. Based on four preserved Ottoman documents on the tekye (berats) and based on some other modest data, Hadžijahić tired to enlighten the formation of the tekye and its significance. He put special effort in the determination of the development and work of the Dervish Order, that is the Order of Hamzevije in Bosnia, that should – according to its name, and based on some other circumstances – originate from that tekye and which due its heretic teaching, and as it seems, also due to active participation of some followers in certain rebels against the Ottoman Empire, in the second half of the 16th century, was severely persecuted.

A Contribution to the Military Revolution Debate: The Janissaries Use of Volley Fire during the Long Ottoman-Habsburg War of 1593-1606 and the Problem of Origins

Author(s): Günhan Börekçi / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2006

According to proponents of the “Military Revolution” theory, musketry volley fire was among the military innovations that fundamentally altered early modern field warfare. The origins of European volley fire date back to the 1590s, but no western army, with the possible exception of the Dutch in 1600, was able to use this tactic in action until the 1620s. Furthermore, it has been thus far assumed that the Ottomans failed to adopt this new tactic and thus experienced setbacks in the face of their European adversaries during this period. By utilising hitherto overlooked Ottoman narrative and visual sources, this article first shows that the Janissaries were indeed using volley fire in action in 1605, and possibly before. Secondly, it raises questions about the origins of Ottoman volley fire, which are currently unclear. Overall, the Janissaries' use of this tactic during the Long War not only affects our understanding of Ottoman warfare but also necessitates a reassessment of the patterns of invention and diffusion of military innovations in the early modern period.

A Dangerous Domain: Bartholomew Keckermann on History and Historiography

Author(s): Wojciech Ryczek / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The main purpose of the paper is to present and discuss some Keckermann’s thoughts on history and the art of historiography, expressed in the treatise De natura et proprietatibus historiae commentarius (Hanovie 1610), published posthumously by his student, David Schumann. According to the humanist from Gdańsk, history is not art, science, or discipline, because it does not have own commonplaces (loci communes), regarded as the basis for method. Nevertheless, history plays an important role in teaching of the practical arts such as politics or economy, because it is an inexhaustible source of examples, taken from narratives about the past events to illustrate general rules related to human life and actions. An excellent historian would be only someone who is able to combine searching for the truth with frankness in its telling. Therefore, he is obliged to use a simple style without almost any rhetorical devices. In relation to single events history serves as a tool of description and explication. Thus it provides the necessary illustrative material in the form of examples for the practical disciplines.

A Dunába vetett vonópad - Adalék a Mohács előtti Magyarország pénzveréséhez

Author(s): János Buza / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 02/2015

Hans Dernschwam, an agent of the Fugger merchant company at Buda in the first half of the 16th century, wrote in his memories that the Hungarian moneyers used an instrument called draw bench (Zieh-Banck). The draw bench was applied to thinning the metal molds (Zaine) which were handed over to the moneyers. In 1526 the moneyers, returning to Körmöcbánya (today Kremnica, Slovakia), threw the draw bench into the Danube at Esztergom. The reason of this act remained unrecorded. News of the draw bench became known outside Hungary as well. Bertrand Behaim Jr, a chief official of mining and minting at Körmöcbánya – and previously chief master of coinage in Tirol and later in Austria – had the draw bench carried to Hall, close to Innsbruck, where the moneyers of Körmöcbánya presented the new instrument in the course of work. The new instrument also came to the attention of the city of Nuremberg. We know from a letter of Christoph Fürer, a well-to-do patrician, mining entrepreneur and wholesaler from Nuremberg, that with the draw bench used in Hungary, two moneyers could do the work that was performed by 6 to 8 of their colleagues working with the traditional methods. It is, consequently, fairly obvious that it was in fear for their living that the moneyers of Körmöcbánya threw into the Danube the instrument which would have made their work much more productive. They certainly had good reasons to do so, for the description of Dernschwam makes it clear that the application of the draw bench made it possible to produce greater number of better-shaped and cheaper coins than before. The fact that the name of the inventor of the draw bench was not recorded, has given birth to a number of hypotheses. The author of the present study is of the view that the inventor(s) of the instrument should be looked for among the personnel of the Thurzó Fugger mining enterprise. It is known from the researches of Oszkár Paulinyi, that János Thurzó and his son constructed and implemented at Nagybánya (Frauenbach; today Baia Mare, Romania) an instrument which permitted the extraction of water from the mines. This mechanical structure was much more complicated than the draw bench mentioned above. The employees of the Thurzó-Fugger mining company were consequently in possession of the required capital and professional skills to manufacture effective mechanical instruments. While the draw bench ceased to be used in the course of the 16th century, its expansion in Europe took momentum after the first quarter of the 17th century.

A Duna–Tisza–Maros köz és Temesvár a középkorban

Author(s): István Petrovics / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 12/2020

After discussing the notion of Bánság (Romanian, German, Serbian: Banat) and the geographical and political-administrative characteristics of the region in question, the paper focuses on the development of Temesvár, medieval precursor of modern Timişoara, in the period that preceded the mid-16th century. Temesvár was and remained the centre of Temes county and the seat of the archdeaconry of Temes, and was the place where between 1315 and 1323 Charles I of Anjou, king of Hungary, had his royal residence. Later, in parallel with the Balkans policy of the Hungarian Kingdom and the Ottoman menace, the importance of Temesvár increased significantly, especially from the military point of view. This situation, however, restricted the self-government of the town to that extent that Temesvár did not succeed in gaining admittance to the category of the most developed towns (royal free towns) of the realm in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. After averting a siege in the fall of 1551, Temesvár finally fell to the Ottomans in 1552. This opened a new chapter in the history of the town.

A fejedelemség kori törvénykezési szakaszokról (1556–1600)

Author(s): Zsolt Bogdándi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2015

It’s a well-known fact that the court of the Royal Table became the principal royal conciliar court at the second half of the 15th century. The discussions usually took place during the judicial terms (generally four each year), the so-called octaves. The Royal Table of the elected king II. János Szapolyai has been mainly patterned after the medieval Table of the kings. The emerging new state’s characteristics, in particular the fact that it was composed of two slightly different regions (the so-called Partium and Transylvania with three privileged communities, Hungarian noblemen, Saxons and Szeklers) was reflected in the organization and the functioning of the Table. Different court sessions were held for the noblemen from Partium, for the Szeklers and for the noblemen of Transylvania. These octave courts (generally two for each privileged community) at the beginning of the studied period have started on the day of major feasts (Epiphany, St George, Lucae ev., Reminiscere) and from 1571 on the eighth day of these feasts, and they lasted around thirty days. The court sessions took place mostly in Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia), Kolozsvár (Cluj) and Székelyvásárhely (Târgu Mureș).