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The paper presents modern pedagogical situations in Natural World educational direction based on the case method. It specifies their pedagogical effects towards preparing and expression of natural science competencies in childhood as well as the algorithm to work with cases with environmental content.
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The article is divided into two parts, the first of which briefly presents the history of the production of electric cars. Contrary to expectations, it turns out that electric cars have been produced before conventional cars. The second part presents the main problems and challenges facing the production and mass distribution of electric vehicles. The main theoretical problem is the extent to which electric cars pollute the environment compared to conventional cars. In an attempt to find an answer to this question, environmental pollution at different stages of the electric car’s life is considered. The main conclusion is that electric cars pollute the environment much less than conventional cars, but the exact percentage is impossible to be given.
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As the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, population density, ecological changes, etc. natural phenomena are shown. The physical, chemical, biological, socioeconomic, cultural and psychological effects of COVID-19 have been felt all over the world. COVID-19 negatively affects the environment with an unbalanced increase in medical waste and disposable products, while quarantine and pandemic measures have given an opportunity for nature to renew itself. The causes and consequences of COVID-19 have brought the concepts of environmental health and therefore environmental ethics to the agenda of healthcare professionals. As the environmental ethics attitudes and behaviors of health professionals develop, health professionals will be able to take initiatives to create these attitudes and behaviors in society. Environmental ethics has been evaluated in the context of public health, mostly in the physical health. However, environmental ethics is also very important in terms of community mental health. Living in an unhealthy environment threatens mental health. Because people want to live in a safe environment, every factor that threatens this trust poses a risk for mental health. There is actually literally no way to talk about happiness in an environment where there is no environmental order and nature is deteriorated and polluted. Therefore, we aimed to explain the concepts of environmental health, environmental ethics and mental health during the COVID-19 process. Thus, an important strategy development in the pandemic process can be achieved by enabling the assessment and management of the causes of the COVID19 pandemic from a broader perspective.
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The purpose of the article is to find domestic lexical definitions of architecture, urbanism, and environmental design. The methodology of the research is an interdisciplinary synthesis of knowledge based on dialectics (H. Hegel) and the general theory of systems (L. von Bertalanffy). Scientific novelty. For the first time, the author has analysed the problem of the completeness of the domestic terminology on environment creation to express original meanings according to the Cyrillic humanistic tradition, and specialisations of activity. It has been proposed to introduce into scientific circulation a general definition of a group of professional artistic directions for creating an environment for human life as a hierarchical environmental image creation, the purpose of which is the integral beauty of spatial forms. Conclusions. The content of the borrowed terminology requires a more careful selection, as it is intended to enrich the vocabulary and clarify relevant industry concepts and professional specialisations, in particular, according to international qualification definitions. However, lexical borrowings do not have sufficient potential for worldview, mental-cognitive compliance with the national linguistic environment. In order to ensure national philosophical goal setting, in accordance with the national Slavic-Greek-Latin tradition of a complete and true Living Word, we need, along with borrowed names and terminology, to use primarily national, including Old Slavic, vocabulary in quality of the main methodological one. The domestic humanistic tradition, the peculiarities of word formation and the lexical fund of the Ukrainian literary language make it possible to return to wider use the national name of the content and purpose of an artistic composition (leepota) and to introduce into scientific circulation the natural definition of object-spatial arts, namely "environmental imagery" as well as «hierarchical environmental imagery».
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The purpose of the work is to determine the peculiarities of the biophilia concept, to find out the feasibility of using this tool in the interior of public buildings, to pay attention to its positive impact on the psycho-emotional state of a person, as well as to analyse the prospective development of the use of biophilia. Research methodology is based on systemic and environmental approaches, which allow considering the interior space and subject environment with the application of biophilia as a holistic project. The study has used the method of systematic analysis of specialised resources and scientific publications on the subject of the study; method of comparative analysis of similar objects; generalisation of information obtained in the process of research. Scientific and journalistic articles, domestic and foreign project development of spaces where this concept has been used became the source base of the research. The scientific novelty of the research consists in determining the features and means of biophilic design for their application in public spaces in the conditions of Ukraine, which creates an environment of life and promotes such social organisation and functioning of people that ensure the preservation and strengthening of their emotional state. Conclusions. Biophilia is one of the important ways to help people return to a life close to nature. It has been proven that satisfying a person’s inherent inclination to communicate with nature, biophilic design generates an emotional attachment to certain spaces and places. These emotional attachments motivate people to work productively, and they also motivate us to identify with the places where we live and to support them. Biophilic design promotes positive and permanent interaction and relations between people and the natural environment. Humans are a deeply social species whose safety and productivity depend on positive interactions in a spatial context. The research is motivated by the expansion and deepening of knowledge about the formation of the environment design with the use of the latest biophilia tool, which provides the possibility and can be used in the practice of designing natural environments. The research outcomes can be used in the practical activities of architects, designers and students of educational institutions of this specialisation.
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Most of the children entering the first grade know each other, but there are some for whom the group is new. They confront not only with their new duties but also with strangers around them with whom they spend almost the whole day. Children who are from another ethnicity, apart from everything listed, have to face another challenge - they are into an environment where the spoken language is not their mother language. They start to build relationships that have different aspects - competition, hostility, mutual assistance, empathy, etc. As soon as they get to know each other and make friends with other children, they feel more relaxed. The article explores whether affinity relationships (matching individuals, ideas, interests) have been created among Bulgarian and Roma third grade students.
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With the adoption on September 25, 2015 of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development of the UN, a general framework of Sustainable Development Goals and related goals was established, which the European Union, through its member states, undertook to implement. The 17 objectives, included in the mentioned document, are not “legally binding”, and their implementation is affected by the legal powers assigned to the coordination of the EU and the member states. The provisions of the treaties, as well as the jurisprudence of the EU Court of Justice, theoretically allow the European Commission to assume a greater role in both the internal and external dimensions of its sustainable development policies. However, legal coordination powers are not specifically invoked in the European Commission’s implementation strategy.
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During the last 15–20 years a changing climate has increasingly been seen internationally as a security risk (Brown et al., 2007). This securitisation has in particular taken place within the military, (green) international NGOs and among policy-makers (Selby and Hoffman, 2014). In conferences about climate security, a peculiar mix of actors can be observed among participants of military officers in uniform, climate activists and politicians. Since 2007, the UN Security Council has also discussed the link between climate change and human security several times, and in particular related to the dire security situation in the African Sahel. In March 2021, the African Union’s Peace and Security Council also issued a communique dedicated to the effects of climate ´ change on peace, security and stability in Africa. International media have generally been keen to repeat a policy narrative about climate-caused conflicts. Especially the current crisis in the Sahel has drawn international attention to climate change as a possible cause. Just to give two examples – Le Monde reported on 11th April 2019 that conflicts between Fulani herders and Dogon farmers in Mali are caused by resource scarcity following climate change and population growth, while Deutsche Welle (11th June 2019) concluded that ‘The conflict between Dogon and Fulani ethnic groups over resources in Mali has been exacerbated by climate change, population growth, an absentee state and Islamism’. Indeed, the Sahel is often pointed out as the most typical example of a toxic brew of climate change, poverty, migration and armed insurgency. This view was reflected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee when it awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 to former US Vice President Al Gore and the IPCC and highlighted farmer-herder conflicts in the Sahel as typical examples of a close link between climate change and conflicts.
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The article deals with the oldest landscape parks created at the end of the 18th and early 19th centuries in the Czech lands, and uses the example of foreign cultural and natural science influences that played an important role in their creation. The text focuces primarily on travel as a means of conveying fashionable trends, or on literature, which had the same function and also provided an opportunity to learn about the ideas of landscape theorists. The study deals mainly with the influence of Great Britain, the Holy Roman Empire and Germany on the landscape design in the Czech lands.
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This study analyzes the extent to which the environmental rights are constitutionalized as one of the anchors to maintain a healthy and clean environment through referring to the international agreements and the Jordanian constitution. This research aims at showing the international frame of the environmental rights, and the environmental rights in the Jordanian constitution. This study followed the analytical approach, analyzing the texts of the international agreements that organizes the environmental rights, also analyzing the extent to which these rules agree with the constitutional principles agreed upon regarding the right of a clean and healthy environment. This study concluded many results and recommendations, most importantly; the need of shedding light over the Jordanians’ right in a healthy environment, enabling its censorship tools adding real protection for the human right in a healthy environment. Dedicating the special procedure rights of protecting the environment to let the audience participation and civil community institutions participate in development decision making through evaluating the environmental effort by providing environmental information about the size of damage caused by the developmental projects, the preventative principal in protecting the environment and the right to have administrative, environmental and legal justice. Putting principals and basis for the national environmental legislations in the Jordanian institution.
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The article analyzes challenges and prospects of development of business activity of territorial communities (hereinafter – TC) in terms of decentralization. Particular attention is paid to the extension of the opportunities for entrepreneurs due to the establishment of TC and in the context of implementation of the European Green Deal. The principal powers concerning support of economic development, solving environmental problems and supply of social services on the territory are delegated to the local bodies. It is a positive aspect, but it requires improvement of human resources of the local governmental bodies to secure efficient use of the provided opportunities. The research substantiates directions of business activation in TC, particularly creation of favorable environment for enterprises development at the state level, supply of broader access to financing for small and medium-size enterprises, simplification of tax administrating for small and medium-size enterprises, promotion of business culture and development of business skills and sustainable thinking, support for internationalization and greening of small and medium-size business, improvement of competitive capacity and innovative potential of enterprises. The work suggests a model of efficient management of business activity of territorial communities. The authors define the principal criteria for setting local taxes and charges at the level of community. The research also marks the problems that have a negative impact on business development of TC, particularly, restraints for business running, development of local infrastructure, and employment of population. The article specifies the reasons and factors of the obstacles appearance and proposes the ways for them overcoming.
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Ecologism has started to show itself as a strong social movement since the 1970s. In this period, different socialist and Marxist circles and movements, which were increasingly interested in ecological problems, also turned to ecological socialism. The new ecological socialist wave that emerged in this period criticizes the negative environmental effects of economic development not only in capitalist countries, but also in the Soviet Union& Eastern Bloc, and started to question the traditional understanding of Marxism on which this experience is based, in the face of the ecological problems created by the socialist experience. In these debates, it can be said that besides those who reject Marxism directly, two main tendencies have emerged who believe that the theoretical framework of Marxism provides a suitable ground for building an ecological Marxism. The first of these is the line represented by Ted Benton, who thinks that Marxism should be revised along an ecological line, based on Marx's early philosophical writings. The second is the line that tries to create an ecological Marxist theoretical framework based on the economic writings of Marx, pioneered by John Bellamy Foster and Paul Burkett. This debate, which was sparked by Benton's article published in New Left Review in 1989, contributed to the emergence of a large literature on Marxism and Nature with the contribution of different authors, and in these discussions, a series of problems on the relationship between Marxism and ecology were discussed, based on ecological criticism. In this study, the main arguments of the two lines mentioned over the four main headings that constitute the main axis in these discussions have been tried to be evaluated with a critical perspective. These are the concept of alienation/metabolic rift, the critique of anthropocentrism, the debate on the labor process and the problem of value, and the critique of Prometheanism.
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The aim of the paper is to show that management and marketing, in terms of their interpretations dominating in the Polish higher education, are structurally unsustainable in a world that attempts to respond to the climatic and ecological challenges. The subject and starting point of the article is the critique of two popular definitions of management and marketing. The research problem relates to the incompatibility of social practices, such as contemporary management and marketing, with the scale of the challenges of the Anthropocene and the need to search for new, even utopian, ways of organizing reality. The main research questions are: are management and marketing practices in their current shape sustainable in a world that has decided to face the climatic and ecological challenges, and why is so.
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Climate change has begun to make itself felt also in Europe. The article seeks to identify responses to the challenges from the law through the protection of fundamental rights to life, health, occupation and property, as well as ‘environmental rights’, and private law rights. It establishes that, in spite of a general consensus that these rights are guaranteed and protected by the law, it is practically very difficult to substantively show and prove a violation of such a right. Following this, the enforcement of these rights by individuals and environmental protection organisations is explored, in particular looking at the Peoples’ Climate Case recently dismissed by the European Court of Justice. In doing so, the article will suggest solutions de lege ferenda, including some sketches as to how to develop individual and associations’ rights further in order to increase pressure on political processes to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and to compensate for climate-change-induced losses. The article concludes by identifying a gap in traditional legal protection of human rights, first, regarding the rules on showing and proving that a specific activity or failure to act has resulted in a specific damage. Secondly, an extension of standing for individual applicants regarding legislative acts, and a relaxation of the definition of individual concern, as well as an extension of standing to climate change organisations are suggested as options to bring mitigation and adaptation to climate change forward. Overall, the law may have to choose between adapting legal instruments in order to maintain classical human rights protection in the face of new challenges or accepting a gap in the protective system for short-term gains of current business and our daily convenience.
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In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in the intensity and frequency of natural disasters. There is no doubt that a thorough knowledge of natural disasters and an adequate awareness of how to protect against their negative consequences will spare many individuals considerable losses. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate students’ level of awareness of natural disasters within a cross-cultural perspective. Twelve schools in Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Yemen were selected (four schools from each country). The total research sample consisted of 180 sixth and ninth grade students randomly selected from the targeted schools, with 60 students from each country. Semi-structured interviews were implemented. The results indicated that most students in the three countries have a false or incomplete perception of earthquakes and volcanoes. Only 20.6% of students had a correct perception of how earthquakes occur. An analysis of students’ drawings of earthquakes and volcanoes revealed that, on average, only 13.3% were able to clarify the scientific reason for earthquakes; the highest percentage of correct answers came from Egyptian students (15.0%), followed by Saudi students (13.3%) and then Yemeni students (11.7%). Religious understanding, culture, and day-to-day experiences of the learners turned out to influence their cognizance and analysis of natural events. It was concluded that students develop intricate understanding and theories based on their beliefs and experiences.
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The article is dedicated to the UNESCO World Heritage Program, in particular, the issues of preservation and protection of historic urban landscapes. The article discusses how the UNESCO World Heritage Program seeks to fulfill its mission of preserving the World Cultural Heritage, which is of particular universal importance to humanity, both for present and future generations. We understand well that cities differ in their culture and historical development. Uncontrolled urbanization threatens the heritage and often raises the issue of its deterioration and destruction, which raises the fear of losing the identity in the society, the important “places” for them, the local cultural monuments. These issues are well reflected in the UN and UNESCO documents. In the conditions of globalization, cities are so similar in financial, technological, informational and other characteristics that they lose their different appearance and become like analogues. Therefore only culture and heritage is the only resource that always separates peoples, cities and differentiates from each other. Powerful cities creatively incubate, creating a stimulating and engaging environment in a variety of cultural fields to showcase the unique features of their local culture that increase international visibility in a global context. The values of the society and the ways of their expression are reflected in the culture. Cultural resources are a distinguishing feature of our cities. Therefore, these UN recommendations were developed in 2011 to better implement urban management programs. Such are the HUL approaches for all UNESCO member countries that voluntarily agree to take action that does not necessarily seek to change existing doctrines or approaches to conservation, but is an additional tool of cultural policy proposed by UNESCO, in which the overall objectives of urban development can be seen, however, clearly shows the value of cultural variety, which distinguishes them. The article provides 7 guidelines that describe the need for and application of HUL approaches in different countries, showing examples of their experiences. The article provides a comparative analysis of current processes in Georgia, as well as the need to use HUL approaches.
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Recently, the topic of carbon neutrality has been gaining momentum. Such trends are mainly related to the adoption of important global agreements, such as the European Green Deal, as well as the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Such trends have a positive effect on countries, but in such situations, states must quickly respond to the challenges and needs of the world and have an understanding of how to respond to these trends. To date, there are many ratings that can be used to form a portrait of a country (investment, social, environmental, etc.), but currently the rating of the green brand of a country is becoming more relevant. There are problems regarding its improvement and filling, yet this is a new evaluation of a country for this period of time. It is relevant today to study the nature and architecture of the concept of a green brand, as well as the search for the main determinants of its impact. The purpose of the article is to analyse publications in order to identify patterns in the development of the green brand and the social responsibility of business. The article provides a bibliometric analysis of research in the field of green branding and corporate social and environmental responsibility. The authors selected more than 10,000 works published in 2000–2021 indexed by the scientometric databases Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Using VOSviewer, the results of the bibliometric analysis were visualized on the definition map. This made it possible to identify seven clusters that combine 58 terms. As a result of the research, using the constructed bibliographic map, the connection between the terms ‘green brand’ and ‘corporate social responsibility’ was revealed.
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Despite that the right to an adequate environment is an integral part of international law for more than 50 years, there are still numerous challenges to its effective judicial protection. Among the issues affecting the right is proper entitlement to raise a claim with respect to the right, as well as those relating to justiciability, procedure, interpretation and effective remedies. In light of the aforementioned, the paper will contribute to the ongoing discussion by providing analysis and insights into the main features, admissibility criteria, and compliance procedures related to the right to an adequate environment before international and regional judicial and quasi-judicial entities. The scope of the paper is to clarify how the right to an adequate environment can be assessed in regard to effective judicial protection, legal remedies applied and, consequently, the coherence that the judicial brings to the global legal order.
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Urbanization and CO2 emissions have become major environmental concerns that are closely related to climate change and sustainable economic growth. The goal of this paper is to investigate the long-run relationship between CO2 emissions, urbanization, and achieving sustainable development in Turkey from 1990 to 2020. The STIRPAT hypothesis and the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis are employed in the article. The findings indicate that there is a long-run relationship between the variables of the STIRPAT model: the coefficient of economic activities and urbanization affects CO2 emission positively. This means that urbanization and the expansion of economic activity have a significant impact on environmental degradation. These results are also confirmed by the N-shaped Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) that is detected for Turkey.
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In the article, the analysis of scientific literature leads to the definition of sustainable finance and identification of its types. This distinction allows for a more detailed examination of sustainable finance in different contexts, especially when only one type of sustainable finance is considered. The empirical study that has been carried out in the Baltic Sea states confirms that sustainable finance has an impact on the implementation of sustainable development goals. The countries that use more sustainable finance have better results in terms of the SDGs. The created research model reflects the sequence of data collection and the process of determining the relationship between sustainable development and sustainable finance. The correlation between the two is confirmed by the conducted research. The more sustainable is the country's financial model, the better is the implementation of sustainable development goals.
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