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Evolution of Nature Management Scientific Concept in Russian Geography

Author(s): Tatiana Krasovskaya / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

Nature management is regarded as a process reflecting multiple interrelations in NatureHuman society system. As practical activities it appeared with the beginning of human nature exploitation. But its scientific concept is being developed only nowadays when synthesis of natural and human sciences knowledge became possible. This synthesis reflects the postnonclassical stage of science development in general marked by philosophers. Evolution history of nature management scientific concepts in Russia is presented. It started at the second half of the 20th c. Contributions of economic and physical geography to this process are described. Differences of nature management and geoecology which tasks are often regarded as similar are demonstrated. Geographical nature management absorbs several concepts of geoecology, economic geography, economy, culture studies but must be regarded as a an individual branch of science Examples of geographical nature management outside Russia are given. It develops within the frames of regional analysis– traditional for European and American modern geography. This analysis presents synthesis of geographical, social-economic, geoecological, ethnic-cultural and other knowledge about the studded area and is directed at revealing of nature management administration mechanism.

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Mapping Soil Erosion Susceptibility Using Gis Techniques Within The Danube Floodplain, The Calafat - Turnu Măgurele Sector (Romania)

Author(s): Daniel Simulescu,Liliana Popescu,Mihaela Licurici,Sandu Boengiu,Oana Ionuş / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2013

The Danube floodplain, the Calafat – Turnu Măgurele sector, through its main features (topographic and climatic characteristics, land use and soil type) and human activities, constitutes an area exposed to soil erosion. The main objective of the present research is to map soil erosion susceptibility using the GIS techniques for the computation and representation of areas, which are exposed to soil erosion correlated with the field data for the validation. Analyzing the entire model, the relatively simple methodology, the database consistence, the comparability of the results with the existent soil erosion values at national and local scale, we can say that the model was applied with success in the studied area (areas and classes of water erosion susceptibility: very low, low, moderate, high - Ciupercenii Noi, Desa, Măceşu de Jos, Grojdibodu, Orlea, very high - Rast, Negoi, Catane, Bistreţ, Goicea; areas and classes of wind erosion susceptibility: very low, low, moderate - Ciupercenii Noi, Dăbuleni, Ianca, high - Calafat, Poiana Mare, Desa, Goicea, Piscu Vechi, very high - Poiana Mare, Rast, Negoi, Bistreţ, Gighera, Orlea. The soil erosion susceptibility map can be useful for planning erosion control measures and for selecting suitable sites for runoff plot experiments.

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Градското земеделие като научно-изследователско поле: теоретико-методологическа рамка

Author(s): Dona Pickard,Galina Koleva,Mariana Draganova,Albena Nakova-Manolova,Emilia Chengelova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

This article elaborates a comprehensive theoretical model for studying urban agriculture as a strategy for improving the quality of life of urban communities. The presented theoretical framework and methodology enable comprehensively addressing and studying the multi-faceted phenomenon of urban agriculture. The authors attempt to problematize the still unfilled gap in the theory of urban agriculture. In accounting for the complexity of urban agriculture as a socio-economic and cultural phenomenon, the proposed theoretical frame includes the grounding and interlinking of basic concepts such as: urban agriculture, quality of life, sustainable development, community and urban community. With a view to greater efficiency in the study of this diverse research field, the article grounds the need to apply an interdisciplinary approach that covers the sociological, economic and ecological effects of urban agriculture practices. This is complemented by an innovative integrated socio-spatial approach that enables the use of spatial and territorial data for sociological and economic analysis.

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Approaches to the Management and Policing of Food Safety: The Food Standard Agency’s Regulating Our Future

Author(s): Richard Bradford-Knox,Kevin Kane,Simon Neighbour / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

This paper forms part of an ongoing project studying various approaches to the management of hazards and risk in the food industry with implications for other areas of risk management where cooperation and collaboration between organisations are of a potential benefit. In this paper we give particular focus to the Food Standard Agency’s proposed Regulating Our Future that requires closer cooperation and collaboration between the public enforcement authorities and the industry organisations that police food hygiene and food safety management. The forming of a Primary Authority between Cornwall Council and Safe and Local Supplier Approval (SALSA) emerged as a potential means of contributing to this by improving trust between all parties involved, sharing of information, assessing risk, reducing inspection times and frequency of inspections from Primary Authority. Attention is given to the current relationship between the various organisations involved from the perspectives and viewpoints of Local Authority Enforcement Officers from Preston City Council, Cornwall Council and SALSA and other experienced food safety professionals. The research is qualitative and grounded, including a review of the extant literature and interviews with food safety and food standards professionals from the private and public enforcement sectors.

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IMPACTS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON CARBON DYNAMICS IN BLACK SEA FORESTS: A CASE STUDY FROM AKÇAABAT FOREST PLANNING UNIT

Author(s): Derya MUMCU KÜÇÜKER / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2020

Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in mitigating the negative impacts of global climate change as an essential carbon sink. Land use and land cover change, mainly deforestation, degradation, and afforestation, have significantly affected carbon (C) stock. This study analyzed the effects of land use and land cover changes on forest C dynamics and its spatial distribution based on demographic, socio-economic, and landscape structure in the Akçaabat forest planning unit. Moreover, forest C dynamics in aboveground, belowground, deadwood, litter, and soil were calculated separately based on forest inventory data in 1984, 2008, and 2018. While the total C stock increased by about 38.04% between 1984 and 2008, it increased only by about 4.64% between 1984 to 2018 due mainly to not including of non-state-owned areas covered with forest trees (about 4369.40 ha) in the forest management plans developed based on land cadastre in 2018. The most considerable contribution to the C pool was from the soil by about 73.39%, 72.32% and 61.60% in 1984, 2008 and 2018, respectively. Deciduous cover types, young and full covered forests, had the highest average C density with 442.61 Mg ha-1 49.65 Mg ha-1 and 144.47 Mg ha-1, respectively. Over three decades, the conversion from degraded, forest opening, and non-forest areas to productive forests as well as increasing the quality of forest structure characterized by increasing mixed forest, young or mature development stages, and full covered forests has contributed positively to the C stock. This increase in the quality of the forest can be explained by conversion abandoned agriculture areas to forested areas with migration, reduction of social pressure on forested areas based on decreasing forest crime, and increasing forest crime, and increasing aware awareness and increasing awareness and sensitivity to the environment based on economic development.

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The Impact of Sense of Social Responsibility of Construction Enterprises on the Employees' Organizational Identity and Work Dedication

Author(s): Wen-Bao Wang,Cai-Yi CHEN,Wen-He LIN / Language(s): English Issue: 70/2020

The social responsibility of construction enterprises has become a focus of current academic and industry practice. As a pillar industry of the national economy, the construction industry is a huge driving force for economic development. As the main body of the construction industry, construction enterprises play a huge role in promoting urbanization, building new rural areas, and driving employment. However, the construction enterprises have also brought great negative effects to the society at the same time as the production activities. Therefore, while creating their own interests, construction enterprises must also take responsibility for the impact of their activities in the outside world. This study took managers and employees of construction enterprises as the research objects. Suggestions are put forward to provide real and effective countermeasures for construction enterprises to implement corporate social responsibility.

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Evaluation of the Carbon Monoxide Emissions of Electric Power Generators Used in Buildings in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

Author(s): Akeem Bolaji Wahab / Language(s): English Issue: 4 (52)/2019

The poor supply of electricity to different settlements in Nigeria, continuing over the years now, has forced building occupants to shift to dependence on generators. This study determines the outdoor and indoor carbon monoxide levels relating to the use of generators in both residential and commercial buildings and assesses their impact on the users and environment. The study was carried out in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria, which was divided into core, transition and suburban zones. Consequently, five (5) residential and commercial buildings were purposively selected in each of the zones of the study area. The HT-1000 digital LCD carbon monoxide meter was used to take measurements of the emissions of carbon monoxide with conformity to NESREA and OSHA standards. The outdoor emission levels of carbon monoxide before or during the use of generators were taken at 0, 2 and 4m, respectively, from the external walls of the buildings sampled and the corresponding indoor measurements were taken internally at 1.2-1.5m above floor area. The data collected were analysed with the use of statistical methods, such as t-test, trend analysis and Kolmogorov Smirnov test. The results show that the values of outdoor and indoor measurements of carbon monoxide emissions levels were the highest in buildings in the core zone either before or during the use of generating sets. Reduced carbon monoxide levels during the use of generators were obtained at distance limits beyond 2m from the external walls of buildings across the zones of the study area. In view of the measurements taken and the obtained results ranging above the limits set by statutory bodies, as well as the attendant effects on the environment and building occupants, it is recommended that users of the generators should be forced to position them in enclosures located away from external walls of buildings and that the government should license only sales of generating sets with emission control mechanisms.

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Decoupling economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions: the case of energy sector in V4 countries

Author(s): Jana Chovancová,Juraj Tej / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Research background: The production and use of energy satisfies human needs, but also gives rise to a host of adverse environmental pressures, such as air pollution and waste generation. The issue of energy efficiency and climate chance resonates in the energy sector as one of the main producers of green-house gas emissions (GHG). While the European Union in general is doing well in reducing emissions and increasing the share of renewables, unfortunately, there are countries that are still far from reaching their goal. Purpose of the article: The paper is focused on the quantitative assessment of the link between the economic growth of the energy sector and the production of GHG emissions by the energy sector in V4 countries during the period 1995–2016. For this purpose, decoupling analysis will be realized. Methods: The decoupling of economic growth and the environmental pressures caused by this growth has a rich tradition within the sustainable development literature. The decoupling method was chosen for its ability to link economic and environmental indicators. Decoupling elasticity will be calculated with the aim of assessing the relationship between the economic growth of the energy sector (measured in GVA) and GHG emissions produced by the energy sector in V4 countries within the research period. Decoupling elasticity indicates different forms of the decoupling and coupling of the two variables. Findings & Value added: The results of the analysis suggest the prevailing strong decoupling of the economic growth of the energy sector and GHG emissions produced by the energy sector, which can be considered a positive trend. The findings of this paper are relevant for the government, state and public institutions and stakeholders in general, who play important roles in the preparation of programs, projects and policies to make energy generation, transport and use more efficient and environmentally sustainable.

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Green Flash in the Croatian Pan: Green Party Survival in Post-socialist Europe

Author(s): Danijela Dolenec,Daniela Širinić / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2017

This article explores the subject matter of new political parties’ survival by analysing the recent trajectory of the Green party ORaH in Croatia. ORaH emerged in October 2013; it won 9.4 percent of the vote at the 2014 European Parliament election and subsequently rose to 18.5 percent of public support in October 2014, only to collapse to 1.7 percent of the vote at the parliamentary election held in November 2015. In order to explain ORaH’s initial meteoric rise and its later equally rapid demise, we will employ studies on new and niche parties while we further elaborate our analysis of ORaH’s programme by profiling ORaH’s voter base. We also address a recurrent weakness in political party research by analysing the role of the European level of competition in increasing the chances of a new party’s survival by developing a framework that better integrates domestic and international dynamics of political party development. Our main finding is that despite its success in the 2014 European Parliament elections, and even though its electorate shares important features of the European Green voter, ORaH failed to secure parliamentary representation because of the inability of the party’s leadership to steer the party away from its initial contender status and define OraH’s policy niche.

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ISTORIJA I SUDBINA ULCINJSKIH MASLINJAKA

Author(s): Maksut Dž. Hadžibrahimović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 85-86/2020

Za turizam kakav je potreban savremenom društvu neophodno je raspolagati prostorom izvorne fizionomije i funkcija, sa dobro organizo- vanim osnovnim i dopunskim djelatnostima u njemu. Turizam je svojevrstan potrošač prostora. Često koristi one površine, objekte i pojave koje nisu interesantne za čitav niz drugih djelatnosti. Prilaz problemu sa aspekta teorije i operative na terenu je veoma složen, jer se ispoljava u velikom broju varijanti. One zavise od zonalnih i azonalnih elemenata u prirodi, lokalnih i globalnih modifikatora procesa, kolizionih odnosa, ekonomske moći regije i države, kompetentnosti postavki prostornih planova, zakonske regulative, ali i sve naglašenijih potreba stanovništva urbanih i industrijskih zona i regija za rekreativnim turističkim kretanjima. U navedenim relacijama od posebnog je značaja činjenica da su stvaralački, kao i destruktivni odnosi, pojave i procesi u sistemu čovjek - životna sredina, davno izašli iz okvira proučavanja samo jedne nauke i jedne operativne djelatnosti na terenu. Zaštita, revitalizacija i unapređenje životne sredine za opšte potrebe društva, a samim tim i za turizam, predstavljaju polje multidiscipliniranih istraživanja. Riječ je o utvrđivanju osnovnih zakonitosti i iznalaženju optimalnih mogućnosti regulisanja odnosa u prostoru, koji je istorijski uslovljena, prirodno definisana, dijalektički zakonita pojava. Zaštita, na koju se nadovezuje turistička valorizacija, zahtijeva širok dijapazon znanja, kako iz teorije, tako i iz prakse i za svaki prostor uvažavanje lokalnih osobenosti. Štititi i unapređivati životnu sredinu za potrebe turista, znači istovremeno njeno unapređenje i zaštitu za domicilno stanovništvo, ali i od domicilnog stanovništva.

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Recreation and terrain effect on the spatial variation of the apparent soil electrical conductivity in an urban park

Author(s): O. M. Kunakh,N. V. Yorkina,O. V. Zhukov,N. M. Turovtseva,Y. L. Bredikhina,T. A. Logvina-Byk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Recreation is an important cultural ecosystem service and is able to significantly affect soil heterogeneity and vegetation functioning. This study investigated the role of the relief and tree stand density in the apparent soil electrical conductivity variation within an urban park. The most suitable variogram models were assessed to evaluate the autocorrelation of the regression models. The map of the spatial variability of apparent soil electrical conductivity was built on the basis of the most suitable variogram. The experimental polygon was located in the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (Dnipro City, Ukraine). The experimental polygon was formed by a quasi-regular grid of measurement locations located about 30 m apart. The measurements of the apparent electrical conductivity of the soil in situ were made in May 2018 at 163 points. On average, the value of soil apparent electric conductivity within the investigated polygon was 0.55 dSm/m and varied within 0.17–1.10 dSm/m. Such environment predictors as tree stand density, relief altitude, topographic wetness index, and potential of relief to erosion were able to explain 48% of the observed variability of soil electrical conductivity. The relief altitude had the greatest influence on the variation of soil electrical conductivity, which was indicated with the highest values of beta regression coefficients. The most important trend of the electric conductivity variation was due to the influence of relief altitude and this dependence was nonlinear. The smallest values of the soil electrical conductivity were recorded in the highest and in lowest relief positions, and the largest values were detected in the relief slope. Recreational load can also be explained by the geomorphology predictors and tree stand density data. These predictors can explain 32% of the variation of recreational load. The variogram was built both for the soil apparent electrical conductivity dataset and for the residuals of the regression model. As a result of the procedure of the models’ selection on the basis of the AIC we obtained the best estimation of the variogram models parameters for the electrical conductivity and for the regression residuals of the electrical conductivity. The level of recreation was correlated statistically significantly with the apparent soil electrical conductivity. The residuals of regression models in which geomorphological indicators and tree stand density were used as predictors have a higher correlation level than the original variables. The soil electrical conductivity may be a sensitive indicator of the recreation load.

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Artem Kouida: Melioration im Belarussischen Polesien. Die Modernisierung der sowjetischen Peripherie (1965–1991)

Author(s): Jörg Stadelbauer / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2020

Review of: Jörg Stadelbauer - Artem Kouida: Melioration im Belarussischen Polesien. Die Modernisierung der sowjetischen Peripherie (1965–1991). (Historische Belarus-Studien, Bd. 7.) Harrassowitz. Wiesbaden 2019. XII, 280 S., 19 Ill. ISBN 978-3-447-11181-2. (€ 58,–.)

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Environmental Nongovernmental Organizations, Civil Society, and Democratization in Bulgaria

Author(s): Barbara A. Cellarius,Caedmon Staddon / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2002

"Environmental Nongovernmental Organizations" presents an analysis of the political status accorded to the expansion of the activities of environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs) in Eastern Europe since the collapse of the communist regimes in 1989-1990. In particular we scrutinize the popular argument that the growth of the nongovernmental organization (NGO) sector can be interpreted as a sort of "index" of the development of democratic "civil society" in postcommunist countries. Scholars working within this perspective often accord special status to ENGOs as a vanguard of civil society because of their putative centrality in bringing down Eastern Europe's last communist governments. [...]

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Sociology and climate change

Author(s): Vesna D. Miltojević,Ivana Lj. Ilić Krstić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 4/2020

This paper showcases the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to the examination of causes and effects of climate change, particularly the necessity of greater involvement of sociologists in the investigation of the causes and the offering of solutions to mitigate the effects. Accepting the view that present-day climate change is socially conditioned, the discussion relies on the assumption that climate change has indeed found its place in sociological research, only not to a sufficient extent. Based on the review of available literature, it was determined that the study of climate change was triggered by social ecologists and that climate change became a full-fledged subject of theoretical considerations and investigations into specific causes and effects. Since agriculture is one of the causes of climate change, the paper emphasizes the necessity of sociological research of the agricultural sector and its relation to climate change and proposes other potential research fields.

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Balkan syndrome 20 years after NATO aggression

Author(s): Vanja Rokvić,Ivan R. Dimitrijević,Ivan M. Rakonjac / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 4/2020

Debates on whether or not depleted uranium (DU) causes cancer and other diseases is a hot topic in the public discourse and quite controversial in the scholarly research literature. The issue has grown in importance in the Republic of Serbia after increased rates of morbidity and mortality from malignancies since the 1999 NAТO aggression and its use of DU ammunition. At the same time, the fact that the peacekeeping contingents of foreign military personnel involved in clearing the contaminated areas subsequently developed malignant diseases led to what has become known as the Balkan Syndrome. Beside health implications, the social and economic burden of cancer is significant in all countries, especially in transitioning economies, because of health care spending as well as lost productivity due to morbidity and premature death. Therefore, the main aims of this article are to summarize and discuss the current state of knowledge about the negative impact of DU on human health and social impact of cancer, specifically in Serbia, and to encourage rigorous and objective examination of health impacts of DU ammunition and, ultimately, to spotlight the inextricable connection between public health and security, and the indispensable consideration of health from the perspective of national security.

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Polish Adaptation of Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire For Older Persons (MSQFOP)

Author(s): Paweł Brudek / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 10/2020

The article outlines the results of academic endeavors to develop a Polish adaptation of Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire For Older Persons (MSQFOP). The results obtained using the Polish version are comparable to those obtained using the original research instrument, which proves that the Polish MSQFOP scale adaptation can be successfully used for research purposes. The scale consists of 24 items covering four dimensions: Communication and expression of feelings, Sex life, Health and Affiliation. The scale testing procedure involved a research sample consisting of 832 people. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .94 for the entire scale and oscillated between .68 and .94 for the subscales.

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Gdy stawka jest większa niż życie. Sztuka wobec mineralno-biologicznych wspólnot

Author(s): Monika Bakke / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

Recognition and respect for relations with nonhuman life forms (other Earthlings) and also with the mineral Earth seems to be a necessary condition for our species to achieve a better understanding of our own planetary ecological problems. This article offers an analysis of art projects focusing on emerging communities of biological and mineral species. Its aim is not a denigration of life but highlighting the need to extend biontology by acknowledging the agency of mineral species and pointing out the coevolution of life and minerals.

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Prikaz

Author(s): Nena Vukelić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2020

The review of: Bob Jickling i Stephen Sterling (Ur.), POST-SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION. Remaking Education for the Future; Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK, 2017., XVI + 155 str.

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Regulacija rijeke Drave u vrijeme Banovine Hrvatske (1939. – 1941.)

Author(s): Ivica Šute / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 15/2019

The paper focuses on the projects carried out by the Department of Technical Affairs on the regulation of the Drava River, such as: works on securing the right bank of the Drava River near Donji Miholjac and Terezinsko Polje, arranging the Drava River in the Belišće part, then Osijek, Prelog, Varaždin, Gradina, Sigetec and Ferdinandovac, regulation of the Mura and Drava Rivers in the area of the Technical Department of Varaždin etc. The visit of Ban Ivan Šubašić to the places that were damaged during the flood of the Drava River and the Trnava stream at the end of 1940 is also analyzed, as well as plans for assistance and protection against future disasters made by the Head of Department, Mr. Zvonimir Pavešić. The aforementioned issues are being considered in the broader context of the general work of the Banal Government on the regulation of rivers and watercourses in Banovina of Croatia.

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Borba protiv klimatskih promjena i budući izvori energije za grijanje zgrada

Author(s): Vahid Tanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 89-90/2020

Mnogi gradovi i države su nedavno donijeli odluke kojima se uskoro zabranjuje korištenje prirodnoga gasa za zagrijavanje novih zgrada. Svakako da se isključuje i mogućnost korištenja bilo kojeg drugog fosilnog goriva. Do 2050. godine sve zgrade, i nove i postojeće, moraju u potpunosti svoje energetske potrebe zadovoljiti energijom iz obnovljivih izvora. Ovdje će biti ukazano na alternative prirodnom gasu za grijanje zgrada i njihova moguća rješenja. Iako je trenutno akcija u praktičnom smislu ograničena na mali broj subjekata, sve veći broj se uključuje, a sve radi postizanja osnovnog cilja iz Pariškog sporazuma – držati porast srednje temperature zraka daleko ispod 2°C u odnosu na drugu polovinu 19. vijeka (predindustrijalizacijsko vrijeme). [...]

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