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Особливості процесу децентралізації в системіуправління природними ресурсами та природокористуванням

Author(s): Vasyl Golyan,Oksana Sakal,Olha Kalenska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 29/2016

Subject of research – theoretical and methodological aspects and practical measures administration of natural resources and nature use in the context of power decentralization in Ukraine. Purpose of the research caused by the necessity of theoretical and methodological foundations and development of practical recommendations for administration of economic relations concerning of nature use according the prospects and results of key reforms in Ukraine. Method, methodology of work. Theoretical basis of research is the position of economic theory and environmental economics, methodological basis of the research is a set of general scientific and special methods. Results of the research: essence and forms of power decentralization are analyzed, features of decentralization of administration of natural resources and nature use are identified, prospective source of financial resources of local communities as a result of the power decentralization in Ukraine are grounded. Practical implications. Results of research provide scientific justification of administrative decisions concerning of natural resources and nature use in conditions of power decentralization in Ukraine by administrators, members of state and local governments, non-governmental organizations. Conclusions. Administration of natural resources and nature use requires optimal balance of centralization and decentralization of powers, rights and responsibilities that will ensure sustainable nature use. Decentralization of administration of natural resources and nature use in Ukraine determines research of relevant sources of financial support of local communities.

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Developing a holistic system for social assistance services based on effective and sustainable partnerships

Author(s): Armenia Androniceanu,Manuela TVARONAVIČIENĖ / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2019

We live in a complex society where social assistance services should offer satisfactory solutions for a large number of problems of citizens from different states. In this context, public institutions' partnerships with non-governmental and private sector organizations are a viable and sustainable strategic option. The purpose of the research was to know the main strengths and weaknesses of the social assistance system in Romania and in other European countries.The research is based on official data and information from the Unique Electronic Register of Social Services, The Ministry of Labor and Social Justice and from the local specialized institutions with attributions in the field and from EUROSTAT, but also from the website of the European Court of Auditors. The results of the research show that significant progress has been made in social services, but there are still a variety of problems that could be solved by resorting to more viable and sustainable partnerships with non-governmental and private sector organizations. This process needs a systematic approach to a sustainable development of the relationship between the public sector of social assistance and partner organizations from the private and nongovernmental sectors. The research results show the main vulnerabilities and difficulties in developing a holistic system of social assistance services in Romania. These results become interesting and can be used by public institutions in the field of social assistance services in Romania and other EU countries to make necessary changes in their social services systems.

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The nexus between local politics and salinity intrusion in coastal area of Bangladesh: Unveiling the development myth

Author(s): Mohammed Moniruzzaman Khan,Abul Kalam Azad / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

The world has been suffering from some unexpected natural and environmental catastrophes like earthquake, flood, draught, tsunami, cyclone, tidal waves, and global warming etc. For the last few decades that have been causing massive disastrous impacts on the lives and livelihoods of people across the globe, particularly in the developing countries like Bangladesh. Bangladesh is threatened with many problems like population explosion, poverty and illiteracy etc. And on top of those salinity intrusion adds extra severe vulnerability and threats to the people of coastal area of southern part of Bangladesh. This paper has initiated to focus mainly on local politics causing salinity along with other natural factors as well as the devastating impacts of salinity on human lives.

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PROBLEMY ŚRODOWISKOWE ZWIĄZANE Z OCHRONĄ PRZYRODY W POLSCE W ŚWIETLE WIELOWYMIAROWEJ ANALIZY PORÓWNAWCZEJ

Author(s): Patrycja Ozga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

This paper presents spatial analysis of selected environmental problems that Poland is struggling with. These issues concern the country's differentiation in the scope of environmental actions taken, the level of pollution of the natural environment as well as expenditures on fixed assets for environmental protection. To make it possible to compare the above problems, methods of multidimensional comparative analysis were used, and as a result, rankings of selected complex phenomena were obtained. The rankings have been subjected to a comparison procedure.

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Umieszczanie reklam na zabytkach

Author(s): Bartłomiej Gadecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 43/2019

Monuments are protected under provisions of criminal law, which are contained both in the Act on the Protection of Monuments and the Guardianship of Monuments and in the Penal Code. This article aims to examine dogmatic aspects of misdemeanour specified in Articles 118 of the Act on the Protection of Monuments and the Guardianship of Monuments. The said Article regulates misdemeanour of placing advertisements on monuments without a permit. Placing advertisements on a monument entered into the Inventory of Monuments requires permission of the Voivodship Inspector of Monuments. Examined herein is the meaning of the following terms: “placement”, “monument entered into the Inventory of Monuments”. The conclusions are based on formal-dogmatic analysis.

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Normatywne podstawy wprowadzenia do polskiego porządku prawnego koncepcji prawa podmiotowego do życia w czystym środowisku

Author(s): Michał Hejbudzki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 43/2019

The research objective of the article focuses on the question whether the regulations currently in force in the Polish legal order provide sufficient grounds to create the entitlements which constitute the content of the subjective right to live in a clean environment or, on the contrary, the existing legal norms are of a blanket nature and contain only the proclamation of the will of the legislator as to the scope and manner of introducing such a subjective right on the basis of separate provisions in the future. According to the author, the issue of deriving the legal foundation for the subjective right to live in a clean environment on the basis of the currently binding legal regulations cannot be assessed unambiguously. The existence of such a right is conditioned by the assumption that a clean environment possesses the values of a personal right within the meaning of Article 23 of the Civil Code, hence this is the source of creation and scope of this subjective right. The author advocates the concept of subjective right to live in a clean environment which gradually, but consistently and increasingly, paves its way in the doctrine of law and jurisprudence. The concept provides a solution that is not without merit. Referring to a certain axiological sensitivity it provides for the civil law protection to previously insufficiently protected areas. Furthermore, it extends the freedom of the courts providing them with flexibility in assessing individual cases submitted to arbitration.

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Administrator danych w polskich parkach narodowych (wybrane aspekty prawno-administracyjne)

Author(s): Jarosław Dobkowski,Jakub Goerick / Language(s): Polish Issue: 45/2019

The article presents an outline of the problem of determining personal data administrator in the public sphere on the example of one of the forms of nature protection in Poland – national parks. The research focused on the differences between legal definitions of a data controller that has an essential impact on the process of separating a data controller in a national park. The whole is finished with de lege ferenda postulates, which would solve this problem.

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Odpowiedzialność karna za przestępstwo zanieczyszczenia środowiska – wybrane aspekty

Author(s): Elżbieta Zębek,Natalia Kulbacka-Burakiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 45/2019

The subject of this article is the crime of environmental pollution regulated in art. 182 § 1 and 2 k.k. The aim of the publication is an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of legal regulation based on the analysis of the applicable legal status, case law and statistical data. Due to the volume of this work, attention was focused on the presentation of the basic conceptual apparatus for the subject taken, statistical data of the Police, and the judgment of the District Court in Olsztyn. Based on the data analysis, low effectiveness of sanctioning the crime of environmental pollution was found. The reason for this condition can be seen in the lack of clarification of the features of the crime, the lack of harm such an act – the environment, complicated evidence process, as well as the requirement to involve court experts specializing in many scientific fields, e.g. biology, ecology, chemistry.

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How Environmental Transformations Shaping Governance Practices in Global Cities?

Author(s): Ganna Duginets,Larysa Sarkisian / Language(s): English Issue: 113/2020

Purpose – The paper aims to present and investigate an impact of environmental issues on strategic planning processes in global cities. Methods – For the study, a complex of complementary methods of scientific identification of economic processes and phenomena- the system-structural, comparative and statistical analysis – are employed for studying the current state and main trends. Data-wise, it is founded on statistical and analytical materials and informational and analytical collections, bulletins and reviews, and results of own research. Findings/implications – The future of the global economy depends on the efficiency of important centers which are named global cities. Further increasing the burden on the environment has irreparable long-term effects on the conditions of competitiveness and investment attractiveness. The key to efficient environmental transformations at the urban level are adaptable models, which can react to external and internal changes. Research limitations – The limitation of this research lies in the assessment of the real state of the problem made on a subjective scales that either inflate or underestimate the value of the evaluated problem. Despite the lack of immediate results in improving the environment, a sound environmental policy can have a significant impact on improving human health and well-being. It is proposed to solve this problem systematically and to take into account the effect of accumulating negative implications of the impact on the ecosystem.

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РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПАРКІВ ІРПЕНЯ XX СТОЛІТТЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ІСТОРИЧНОЇ, СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНОЇ ТА РЕКРЕАЦІЙНОЇ ЦІННОСТІ МІСТА

Author(s): Iryna Shvets,Svitlana Palamarchuk,Olena Stanislavivna Podvolotska,Andriy Kulik / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2021

The purpose of the article is to conduct a retrospective analysis and generalize information about the parks of Irpin, including their location, size, historical aspects of establishment and development, planning structure, current state and composition of greenery, importance for the city and the level of socio-cultural needs of modern society; formulating conclusions on the prospects of their preservation and optimization. Methodology. The study of the historical aspects and current state of Irpin parks (retrospective analysis) was established during 2019-2021. Field and analytical methods were used, in particular, most of the historical information about the formation and development of parks was obtained from scientific literature sources and archival materials, and the assessment of the current state was carried out as a result of own route surveys. The scientific novelty is to reveal the need to study the Irpin parks, as important centers of historical, socio-cultural and recreational value, in the context of their protection and preservation under the conditions of powerful modern urban transformation of the city. In addition, for the first time in decades, a retrospective analysis of five Irpin parks was conducted, and the collected material was grouped in one publication, which is important for current and future research. Conclusions. A retrospective analysis of five parks in Irpin was carried out, in particular: Volodymyr Pravyk City Park; Dubky City Park of Culture and Recreation; Victory Park; Mikhail Stelmakh Park; Park of Heroes. The study found that the founding of these parks dates back to the twentieth century, respectively, today they represent a significant historical, socio-cultural and recreational value of the city, continuing to exist fully. However, in the process of adaptation to modern needs of society under the influence of constant urban transformation of the city, currently characterized by significant changes in planning structure and functional zoning, elements of landscaping, the composition of greenery, including cultivated dendroflora. Given these changes, it is extremely important to take care of the preservation of parks (territorial integrity and cultural dendroflora), which can be achieved through the widespread promotion of parks among local residents, reconstruction (fragmentary or complex) to maintain the proper condition of parks and their compliance with the requirements of modern society. It was established that the establishment of these parks was carried out in the twentieth century, so today they are a significant historical, socio-cultural and recreational value of the city, continue to exist fully.

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Ideologijos šmėkla

Author(s): Slavoj Žižek / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 15/2020

Paprastai pagalvoję, kaip kinta istorinės vaizduotės horizontas, mes atsiduriame in medias res, kai turime pripažinti nemažėjančią ideologijos sąvokos svarbą. Prieš vieną ar du dešimtmečius gamybos-gamtos sistema (gamybinis-išnaudotojiškas žmogaus santykis su gamta ir jos ištekliais) laikyta konstanta, bet tuo pat metu visi mėgino įsivaizduoti skirtingas gamybos ir prekybos socialinės santvarkos formas (fašizmą arba komunizmą kaip alternatyvas liberaliajam kapitalizmui). Šiandien gi, kaip įžvalgiai pastebėjo Fredricas Jamesonas, jau niekas rimtai nebesvarsto apie galimas alternatyvas kapitalizmui, bet tuo pat metu populiariąją vaizduotę persekioja „žlugsiančios gamtos“, visiškai išnyksiančios gyvybės Žemėje vaizdiniai: atrodo, kad lengviau įsivaizduoti „pasaulio pabaigą“ nei kur kas nuosaikesnį gamybos būdo pasikeitimą, tarsi liberalusis kapitalizmas būtų „realybė“, kuri kažkokiu būdu išliktų net pasaulinės ekologinės katastrofos sąlygomis...

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NAČIN PREZENTIRANJA EKOLOŠKIH SADRŽAJA U OSNOVNOŠKOLSKIM UDŽBENICIMA ISLAMSKE VJERONAUKE

Author(s): Nermin Tufekčić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 86/2021

The aim of this research is to analyse the prospects for presenting ecological content using a study of the contents of textbooks for Religious Studies keeping in mind explicit, implicit and declarative character of the same. We started this research with the premise that the results will show that the content of ecology in primary school textbooks for Religious Studies, with regards to its presentation is equally explicit, implicit and declarative. Methods of theoretical analysis and the content analysis are the research methods used in this study. The results show sufficiently equal representation of explicit, implicit and declarative form of presentation of ecology contents in Religious Studies textbooks for lower grades of primary school, whereas we found that ecology content is entirely non-present in its explicit, implicit or declarative form in Religious Studies textbooks for higher grades of primary schools.

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A hazai élelem-önrendelkezés centrális mozgalmainak és periférikus szerveződéseinek feminista olvasata

Author(s): Herstory Collective / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 29/2021

Both green organisations focusing on food sovereignty and feminist associations have a long history in Hungary, but their programs and goals have barely found common ground in the past decades. Literature exploring food sovereignty practices shows that more attention has been paid to the grassroots movements' discourse than to the lived experiences of women and men involved in local food production. In this multi-authored paper, the HerStory collective spots the Hungarian green and feminist initiatives' common grounds and addresses the current food sovereignty research gap. It explores the concept and practices of food sovereignty from the perspective of women living and/or farming in rural Hungary. Furthermore, it uncovers what problems and solutions, individual struggles and coping strategies emerge on the periphery of green and feminist initiatives. Academic and activist approaches simultaneously applied in this paper in the following three parts: (1) review of green and feminist initiatives, (2) a methodological account and semi-structured interview analysis (3) recommendations regarding collective actions in the food sovereignty movements and a solidarity base available for women and communities outside the movements' zone.

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Interaction Among Social, Cultural and Environmental Factors in Vernacular Settlements. The Case of Korogonianika, in Lakonia, Greece

Author(s): Evgenia Tousi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The article presents the main findings of a research focusing on the unique attributes of vernacular architectural heritage of Southern Greece. The analysis of the interaction between social, cultural and environmental factors, is based on literature review and field work. This interaction is portrayed through the use of a pilot case study, the village Korogonianika which is a typical and representative example for all vernacular settlements of eastern Mani. Field work involves original cartographic depiction, photos, drawings as well as participant observation and interviews.

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Деятельность научных и природоохранных организаций в период Великой Отечественной войны: историко-экологический аспект

Author(s): Ekaterina D. Makeeva,N. S. Tsintsadze / Language(s): Russian Issue: 35/2021

This article explores the activities of scientific and environmental organizations of the USSR during the World War II, in the context of Russian environmental history. Environmental history is an interdisciplinary scientific field at the intersection of the humanities and natural sciences, studying the co-evolution of nature and society. Using archival and published sources, this article focuses on the All-Russian Society for the Conservation of Nature, the All-Union Geographical Society, and the Council for the Study of Productive Forces. Nature made a significant contribution to victory, as the use of natural wealth made it possible to provide the army and the rear with necessary raw materials and food. The most important role in mobilizing a variety of natural resources was played by Soviet scientists. At the same time, ecological systems were seriously damaged. Starting from the war and into the postwar years, the technogenic management era commenced. The leadership of the USSR bet on the active development of the mineral resource and energy base in the eastern part of the country, which was another blow to the environment. The All-Russian Society for the Conservation of Nature tried to restrain the state’s onslaught on nature and sought to minimize its consequences. Its most important task was to popularize environmental ideas among the people. Thanks to the efforts of members of the Society, the authorities turned their attention to environmental problems: in 1946, a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR “On Nature Protection in the RSFSR” was issued. After this, environmental protection completely came under state control and aimed at balancing active economic activity in the country.

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Myśl Jacques’a Poulaina o człowieku i instytucjach

Author(s): Luc Leguérinel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2021

The purpose of this article is to propose a synthesis of Jacques Poulain's philosophical reflection on language and its importance for human being and for the society. To do this, we begin with presenting what Poulain has constantly established in the light of anthropobiological knowledge in his various works by showing that the child does not directly enter the world through senses or action, but through language and that it cannot enter the world and become a subject able to think and act in isolation, but necessarily through the intermediary of a Third of speech. The same goes for the author at the institutional level, since man, as a being of language, has only been able to transform himself indirectly, through the intermediary of this Third of speech, which first took the form of the gods, then by making the detour of the judgment. Today, as Poulain argues in polemic with Jürgen Habermas, there can be no other basis for global communication than transcultural linguistic understanding, ie. language constitutes the space where man can be recognized, exercise judgment and strive for harmony with others.

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“Down Beside Where the Waters Flow”. Reclaiming Rivers for American Studies (Introduction)

Author(s): Manilo Della Marca,Uwe Lübken / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Over the past three decades, rivers have become a fascinating and popular subject of scholarly interest, not only in the field of environmental history, where river histories have developed into a distinct subgenre (Schönach 2017; Evenden 2018), but also in the emerging field of environmental humanities. In this scholarship, rivers have often been reconceptualized as socio-natural sites where human and non-human actors interact with the natural world, generating complex legacies, path dependencies, and feedback loops (Winiwarter and Schmid 2008). Furthermore, rivers have been described as hybrid “organic machines,” whose energy has been utilized by humans in many different ways, including the harvesting of both hydropower and salmon (White 1995).

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“First in Time, First in Right”: Indigenous Self-Determination in the Colorado River Basin

Author(s): Paul Formisano / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This article adopts the premise “first in time, first in right” to bring Indigenous knowledge about the Colorado River Basin and the natural world more broadly out of the mainstream’s obscurity to reposition these perspectives at the foreground of the region’s water cultures. To initiate what is in essence a decolonization of Colorado River Basin water knowledge, I examine texts representing various tribal affiliations and genres to consider how their particular use of story engages the historic and ongoing environmental injustices they have faced and continue to negotiate in their fight to preserve their sacred lands, identity, and access to reliable, clean water. Such a decolonization occurs through these texts’ use of narrative to work within and against the scientific and instrumental discourses and their respective genres that have traditionally constructed and dictated mainstream Colorado River knowledge and activity. My treatment of narrative within the Ten Tribes Partnership Tribal Water Study (2018) and the Grand Canyon Trust’s “Voices of Grand Canyon” digital project (2020) sheds greater light on the essential relationships the Basin’s nations and tribes have with the Colorado River. Through these counternarratives to the West’s dominant water ideologies and cultures, the Basin’s tribal nations draw attention to past and ongoing struggles to secure equitable water access while amplifying their resilience and determination that defines their calls for environmental justice.

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Городское общество Казани и санитарно-экологические проблемы во второй половине XIX – начале XX века

Author(s): Andrey Olegovich Kislenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

The attitude of the Kazan community to the urban environmental and sanitary problems during the second half of the 19th–early 20th centuries was discussed. The measures taken by the local government were analyzed. Based on the administrative sources and periodicals of that time, an ambiguous reaction to the governmental measures was noticed among the residents of Kazan, as compared with a similar situation in St. Petersburg. In Kazan, the residents intermittently violated the compulsory resolutions adopted by the local government to improve the environmental and sanitary situation: they kept the latrines dirty, failed to timely clean the street areas, and discharged their household wastes in the river waters. It was revealed that the residents tended to neglect the sanitary rules because of both irresponsibility and the difficult socioeconomic situation, i.e., sewage cleaning was expensive and complicated. Interestingly, the steps undertaken by the local government are quite confusing and questionable: on the one hand, the authorities did their best to prevent littering, deforestation, and sewage discharge; on the other hand, they were eager to solve the burning sanitary problems at the expense of the ecological well-being of the city.

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Zanieczyszczenie powietrza jako zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego w Polsce – w świetle teorii sekurytyzacji

Author(s): Joanna Stryjek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Nowadays, air pollution constitutes one of the most serious threats to human health and life. Poland belongs to the group of countries with the highest level of air pollution in the EU and OECD. The scale of the threat posed by air pollution shows its importance when it comes to health security of the Polish citizens. However, the ongoing (political and scientific) debate on health security in Poland often ignores the problem of air pollution. The aim of the article is to 1) assess the threat currently posed by air pollution to health security in Poland, 2) locate the threat in the area of health security, and 3) analyse the process of transferring the problem of air pollution from the sphere of politics to the area of security, in accordance with the theory of securitization, developed by the Copenhagen School of Security Studies. Qualitative analysis of documents together with the application of the theory of securitization show that, in Poland, the state has started to play the role of an actor securitizing air pollution as an existential threat. Nevertheless, this process is at an early stage, and its further success depends, inter alia, on decisions and possibilities related to taking extraordinary measures to eliminate the threat posed by air pollution.

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