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PORT AND INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES IN DOUALA – CAMEROON: SOCIO-ECONOMIC MUTATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

Author(s): Banboye Gilbert Fondze,Arsène Delors Foyet Gankam / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Port establishments can have several repercussions on the environment. From the social and economic perspectives, they can contribute to job creation, attract investments and create several opportunities for the development of the territory. Environmentally speaking, however, they can have several negative impacts such as pollution, accident and over concentration of population thus leading to overcrowding and promiscuity. The objective of this work is to show the socio-economic influence of the Douala autonomous port on the town. Economic capital of Cameroon, the most populated town and the main entry and exit port of the Central African Sub-Region, Douala is a port town whose existence and functioning are regulated by the port. The general methodology used for this work is divided into two complementary parts comprising of a review of literature in the archives of the autonomous port of Douala (APD) and those at the National Ports Authority (NPA), as well as a guided internet research for the collection of additional data. Then, field surveys of the population of the town and institutions and resource persons related to the management of the port led to the collection of empirical data on the functioning of the port and its place in the lives of residents of the town. The main results show a number of direct jobs created by the port of Douala as well as those linked to related activities to the presence of the port, and the influence of the port on mobility and migratory behaviour of individuals, not overlooking other investments equally linked to the presence of the port in the town. It also brings out the different negative impacts of the presence of the port in the town of Douala.

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THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF REGISTERED ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): Sandra Kobajica / Language(s): English Issue: 5-6/2018

Environmental crimes and their harms are largely neglected in contemporary Bosnia and Herzegovina [BiH]. Efficient and effective environmental protection is hindered by limited (empirical) knowledge about the phenomenology and aetiology of these crimes and the lack of formal reaction mechanisms. This study examines the phenomena and typology of environmental crime in BiH based on the legalist perspective in green criminology. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are to determine forms, extent and distribution of registered environmental crime in BiH. The data stem from the Agency for Statistics at the state level, as well as from Entities offices of statistics. The study findings indicate that environmental crime does exist in BiH. The most frequent registered forms are the forest theft, following by the illegal hunting and fishing, the torture and killing of animals and the devastation of forests. It is widely assumed that in this field there are a considerable number of cases that go unrecorded. Creation and implementation of criminal justice policies are crucial for any successful response to environmental threats and they need to have in mind such findings.

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NEKA OBILJEŽJA SISTEMA SUZBIJANJA ŠUMSKIH KRAĐA U KANTONU SARAJEVO

Author(s): Muhamed Budimlić,Emira Žigić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 5/2017

Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): Although forest are one of the most important natural resources available in the Canton of Sarajevo, according to the reports of the competent institutions, it can not be said that the certainty of detection and adequate sanctioning of the committers of illegal forest cutting is at satisfactory level. On the contrary, the indicators indicate that a large number of these crimes remain in the dark number of crimes and cause long term and huge, irrecoverably damage for the community. Goals of this paper (scientific and/ or social): This work will try to point out some important features of the action of the System of suspension of forest theft in order to assess their effectiveness and efficiency, which ultimately should contribute to the improvement of the legislative and institutional response to this very harmful unlawful behavior. Methodology/ Design: In order to achieve the set goals of the work it will be necessary to apply methods of analysis of regulations, then analysis of the content of reference works in this field, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis of numerical and other indicators from the reports of the institutions responsible for the management and control of forest resources or/and institutions responsible for implementation of repressive measures towards perpetrators of criminal behaviors. Research/Paper limitations: The fundamental limitations of this work are related to the necessary empirical material. The first limitation refers to existence and availability of certain data indicating the occurrence of forest thefts, second to the quality and reliability of the collected data from institutions and third to the inability of conducting a representative field survey to obtain immediate insight in a real state. However, we consider that this research can serve as a good basis for the next extensive research on the phenomena of forest theft.

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The conceptual-methodological evolution, from a geographical perspective, of the research of the atmospheric factors that affect the people in a community

Author(s): Mihaela-Nicoleta Țiculeanu-Ciurlică,Dumitru Mihăilă / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

In the current context, although modern man lives in an increasingly anthropized environment, aspiring to gain absolute control of his niche of development, we see that the influence of weather and climate factors on socio-dynamic homeostasis and population health is increasingly oscillating and more difficult to control/ predict. In this study we aim to supply the attention of environmental specialists with a selection of observations and papers belonging to researchers and specialists in fields that address the health of the population in relation to environmental factors, with a focus on weather and climate. Although scientifically accredited records and measurements show that there is great variability and marked changes in environmental factors in a relatively short time, and studies show that this variability and changes have a strong impact on the well-being of the population, such issues continue to be neglected at the level of institutions and decision-makers, who should focus on human health and safety.

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Combining the characteristics of sustainability, frugal innovations and washing machines in the industrial nations – A literature-based analysis of the common features for future sustainable developments

Author(s): Sandra Schneider / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Sustainability is an internationally discussed topic in the development of products and services. Frugal innovations aim to conserve resources in the manufacture and use of such products and services. It can, therefore, be assumed that the areas of sustainability and frugal innovation overlap. This work is intended to show the connection between sustainability, frugal innovations, and household appliances in the form of washing machines in industrialized countries. For the analysis, the characteristics of frugal innovations are compared with the requirements of washing machines in industrial nations, and then the parallels to the social development goals (SDG) are determined as characteristics for sustainability. The existing literature will be reviewed for evaluation. The work aims to show the connection and give an indication of the sustainable development of an everyday product as a frugal innovation in the industrialized countries.

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ПРЕВЕНЦИЯ И ГОТОВНОСТ ЗА РАННО ОТКРИВАНЕ И ЗАЩИТА ОТ ГОРСКИ ПОЖАРИ

Author(s): Radostin Dolchinkov,Galina Baicheva,Ivan Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Forest fires have a negative impact on the economic, social and environmental condition of individual countries and entire geographical areas. To solve these problems, significant human, financial, material and scientific resources are allocated, the existing concepts and methodological approaches in determining the risk of forest fires are analyzed. Rapid development of early fire detection systems, new monitoring methods and current forest fire prevention is needed.

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Challenges for the Entrepreneurial Environment and the European Union During the Pandemic

Author(s): Irina Geanina Harja / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

In the last decade, it has come to the recognition and awareness that European states and the business environment have been constantly guided by the objectives set out in the strategies by the European Union. Due to the crises, that arose, the whole of contemporary society was in a constant struggle to maintain a balance between the economic, social and environmental. Thus, the trinomial of the interdependence between economic growth, resource use and environmental protection, now known as "sustainable development", creates a multitude of activities that succeed in promoting realistic strategies on how to manage the natural resource base. Currently, due to the new crisis in the European economy, a trinomial has formed between entrepreneurship - pandemic - sustainable development. The EU continues to play its role in protecting citizens and the business community by mobilizing financial resources to minimize the negative impact of the pandemic. The purpose of this article is to highlight the fact that awareness of the emergence of a new impending crisis is forcing EU states to consider the sustainable development of the entrepreneurial environment as the driving force of the late twentieth century.

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It is Still Almost Half a Year Until Harvest: The Raging Hail in the Postojna District in August 1864 and Its Consequences

Author(s): Andrej Studen / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2020

In Slovenia in the 19th century, poor harvests and consequently the shortage of food and seeds for sowing were a localised and completely normal periodic phenomenon. The weather had a profound impact on the emergence of regional life-threatening crises. Since forever, farmers had been especially worried and afraid of hail. The menacing icy precipitation had the potential of devastating the fields. The Swiss historian Christian Pfister rightfully described it as “an exogenous shock that can trigger sequences of events that would otherwise have not happened”. The present study focuses on the regionally restricted example of a severe hailstorm that caused enormous damage in the district of Postojna in the summer of 1864, as it almost completely destroyed the crops. During the agrarian crisis, the majority of the peasant population had already barely lingered on in profound poverty. Apart from the unusually cold and rainy weather in 1864, the damages caused by the hail even exacerbated the severe distress, and ten villages in the district faced severe food scarcity. The head of the district turned to the Provincial Presidency in Ljubljana for help, and it provided aid in the usual manner: by collecting donations for the purchase of food and seeds.

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Posvet »Obisk gora v času podnebnih sprememb«

Author(s): Matija Zorn / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 16/2020

Posvet »Obisk gora v času podnebnih sprememb«, Mojstrana, Slovenija, 20. junij 2020 / Conference "Visit to the Mountains in the Time of Climate Change", Mojstrana, Slovenia, June 20, 2020

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EIGULIAI, ONE OF RIMUTĖ RIMANTIENĖ’S FIRST EXCAVATIONS – A REVISED INTERPRETATION

Author(s): GABRIELĖ GUDAITIENĖ / Language(s): English Issue: 46/2020

The Final Palaeolithic site at Eiguliai in Central Lithuania, was monitored by Konstantinas Jablonskis and his daughter, Rimutė Jablonskytė (Rimantienė), when she was already in her teens. By the late 1940s, the site had been partly destroyed, but not before yielding many surface finds. She, therefore, decided to obtain as much archaeological data as possible. Rimantienė’s excavations at the Eiguliai 1 site became one of the very first investigations of her career. The collected lithic assemblage suddenly became a reference in researching Swiderian culture sites. The Eiguliai site was well known to scientists from the Eastern Baltic countries as well as to colleagues in Western Europe. As time passed and new excavation methods appeared, the site, which had been recorded only by several pictures and trench plans and where most of the material had been collected from the sandy surface, came to be regarded as not informative enough and ceded its importance to other newly discovered Swiderian sites. However, during the past five years, with the help of consultations with Rimantienė, the archaeological data from Eiguliai was reviewed and the discussion resumed. The aim of this publication is to present the entire lithic collection of morphological tools ascribed to the earliest stage of the site’s occupation, along with some new insights into the archaeological data from Eiguliai. The site is considered to have been a place that was visited multiple times for hunting purposes. While the Swiderian culture assemblage predominates, the possibility of discussing an even earlier visit pre-dating the Swiderian culture is considered. Various remains of archaeological features once recorded at the site are reviewed and their interpretation is clarified: there are probably only a few features that could be ascribed to the Stone Age, contrary to what had been previously proposed. An analysis of the lithic assemblage has shown that people had probably brought flint material to the site, but did not stay there for long, and made quick decisions when tools needed to be produced.

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OSSEOUS POINTS AND HARPOON HEADS FROM ŠVENTOJI SUBNEOLITHIC SITES, COASTAL LITHUANIA. FIRST TRACEOLOGICAL INSIGHT INTO THE WAY THEY WERE PRODUCED AND USED

Author(s): Grzegorz Osipowicz,Justyna ORŁOWSKA,Gytis Piličiauskas,Giedrė Piličiauskienė,Mariusz Bosiak / Language(s): English Issue: 46/2020

This article presents the results of traceological analyses of bone points and harpoon heads discovered at hunter-gatherer-fisher sites 1, 3, 4, 6 and 23 in Šventoji, coastal Lithuania, c. 3500–2700 cal bc. The data obtained through the studies were used to interpret technological processes and operational chains resulting from the production of these artefacts, as well as in answering questions surrounding the function of some specimens. Another important result of the presented research is the confirmation, thanks to an SEM-EDX analysis, of the presence of an inlay in the decoration visible on one of the harpoon heads.

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Rolul implicării parentale în procesul de intervenție logopedică

Author(s): Lucia Botezat / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

This research aims to extend and adapt the therapy techniques, specific to the speak and language disorders domain, for their use in the child’s family environment. The main subjects of the research are the parents of the children diagnosed with speaking problems.By encouraging the parent’s active participation within the logopedic therapy, it is intended to teach them, so that they could continue the therapy in the child’s every day life.Moreover, the therapeutic collaboration between the speech therapist, the child and the parents allow to valorise the observations made by the parents related to the child environment and every day life, completing the information obtained by the therapist during the complex evaluation of the child. Using this exhaustive information, the therapist is able to propose an intervention program that is personalised to the child’s needs.Furthermore, in the context of the recent changing of the work paradigm, when the therapy sessions are conducted in the format of teletherapy, the collaboration and the support offered by the therapist to the parents is essential for the success of the intervention program.

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Klimat i jego pole leksykalne jako słowa klucze współczesnego dyskursu publicznego

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Klimat i jego pole leksykalne jako słowa klucze współczesnego dyskursu publicznego

Author(s): Marek Łaziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2021

This paper presents increased frequency of vocabulary related to climate and health in public discourse and the position of this vocabulary in Polish and foreign word of the year contests. The first part of the text discusses the notion of keywords, methods of their distinction, and word frequency monitoring works at the University of Warsaw. These works are composed of: 1) monitoring of the frequency of the vocabulary in daily newspapers against a comparable corpus covering 12 months, 2) selection of the word of the month from the most frequent words and describing it in philological terms, 3) word of the year contests using the most frequent words as propositions. The second part of the paper presents individual words from the lexical field of climate selected as words of the month and of the year, such as upał (heat), nawałnica (a storm), smog (smog), drzewo (a tree), puszcza (a forest), klimat (climate). Part three demonstrates words from this lexical fi eld in Polish and foreign word of the year contests. The discussed lexical field was divided into working categories: 1) “What the nature can do to a human being”, e.g. nawałnica (a storm), smog (smog), and 2) “What a human being does to the nature”, e.g. drzewo (a tree), puszcza (a forest) (tree cutting in a forest), klimat (climate) (climate change). The latter category gathers words with a greater symbolic power, more abstract, more appropriate as keywords in the long run.

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Sustainable ecological development reducing negative effects of road maintenance salts

Author(s): Pranas Baltrėnas,Agnė Kazlauskienė / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

To ensure traffic safety in winter, large amounts of technical salts (chlorides) are applied on roads. De-icing salts directly or indirectly contaminate the road environment and have a negative effect on the components of road environment. The analysis of the situation raises a question: how to ensure traffic safety in wintertime applying salts and achieve sustainable development. The article presents the investigations of chloride concentrations on the roadsides of a highway. In 5 recent years, complex environmental laboratory investigations and investigations under natural conditions of the effect of salts on the components of the road environment have been carried out proving their toxic effect. Consequently, to reduce a negative effect of salts on the road environment, measures of sustainable ecological development have to be taken. To achieve a balanced use of salts, the proposal is to apply alternative materials (formiates, molasses-based material). The introduction of biotechnical measures (an infiltration-grassy ditch, biological and chemical indication on roadsides) is expedient to eliminate the consequences but not the reasons of salt use.

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THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT OF CORPORATE SOCİAL RESPONSIBILITY: DOCUMENT ANALYSIS OF SOCAR

Author(s): Namig Mirzayev / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2021

Over the recent years, the interest in the concept of corporate environmental responsibility has been increased in Azerbaijan, like in many other countries in the world. A lot of companies in the country are directly or indirectly involved in one or more environmental responsibility activities. This paper intends to examine the leading Azerbaijani energy company, SOCAR’s (The State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic) CSR practices focusing on the environmental dimension to determine to what extent it is fulfilling its reponsibility toward the environment. To do the research, a qualitative method was also used, specifically document analysis method. The secondary data on environmental activities and initiatives are culled out from the annual sustainability reports of the company. Moreover, the available literature on corporate environmental responsibility is undertaken for the theoretical underpinnings on the subject.

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Ecology and Media

Author(s): Mirko Jakovljević / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2021

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of global goals targeting all levels: from a planetary biosphere to a local community. The aim is to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people can enjoy peace and prosperity, now and in the future. The beginning of the Twenty-first century and the last fifteen years of the twentieth century have been the awakening of human consciousness when it comes to ecology and environmental protection. The man of the digital age is slowly becoming aware that a new society is a life-organization characterized by the use of modern technologies and overuse of natural resources and, in some places, already devastated and degraded environments. The modern economy survives on the use of living and inanimate natural resources. Natural resources such as air, water, soil are polluted and some animal species are exterminated in this period. For this reason, it is of great importance to force producing and broadcasting numerous environmental shows on local, regional and global media. Going deeper into the issue, we have to see that the problem should be addressed more and more, reinforcing at the same time the ethics of all people on the planet, which would lead to the adoption of binding norms that would affect people’s behavior when it comes to ecology and environmental protection . The media is playing a key role in this issue. A part of the discussion on the concept of conservation, including the main scientific and ethical points of view, is presented in this paper, highlighting the environmental, socio-ecological and ethical aspects behind the comprehensive concept of industry and economy. This paper is about the idea of being the appeal on media regarding the urgent need for socio-environmental ethical personal engagement and collective actions.

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БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ВОДОЕМОВ УРБАНИЗИРОВАННЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАРЕЛИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОКУНЯ (PERCA FLUVIATILIS)

Author(s): Dmitry Georgievich Novitsky,Nikolay Viktorovich Ilmast,Zakhar Ivanovich Slukovskii,Irina Viktorovna Suhovskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (172)/2018

The results of the analysis of the accumulation of heavy metals, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Mo, Sb, Sn, W are provided. The research was conducted with the mass spectroscopic method based on the XSeries-2 ICP-MS device. The muscular tissues, liver and bones of the river perch Perca fluviatilis from Lake Chetyryokhvestnoe (area – 0,118 km2), located in the city of Petrozavodsk, were studied. Despite the relative remoteness from the center, the reservoir is constantly subjected to the anthropogenic load. Potential sources of heavy metals that enter and accumulate in the waters of the city lake together with the wastewater from the nearest catchment are economic entities and emissions coming from the road and rail transport and industrial enterprises in Petrozavodsk. The paper presents the results of the study of the dynamics of accumulation of heavy metals in bottom sediments. It was concluded that an increased level of contamination of the sediments of the reservoir affects the accumulation of toxic elements in living organisms, including representatives of the fish fauna of the lake. The results of experimental fishing on the Lake Chetyryokhvestnoe showed that the fish fauna of the reservoir is represented mainly by the river perch, the most common type of fish for Karelia. The age composition of catches was represented by the individuals of four age groups (from 2+ to 5+); five-year old species dominated (21 %). It was established that the greatest accumulation in all organs of the fish was noted for such essential elements as P, Zn, Mn. As for heavy metals, the greatest accumulation is characterized by Ni. It is noted that almost all heavy metals accumulate actively in the liver of the fish. Most elements have close correlation links, for example, between Pb and V or Mo and W. The obtained results speak of the presence of consistent anthropogenic sources of metals entering the ecosystem of the city lake.

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РЕСУРСНЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ПОЙМЕННЫХ ЛУГОВ АРХАНГЕЛЬСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Author(s): Tat'yana A. Parinova,Aleksei G. Volkov,Anna A. Perkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (172)/2018

The article presents the analysis of the resource potential of floodplain meadows from various administrative regions of Arkhangelsk region. Studies are based on the data from 197 geobotanical descriptions of 100 m2 trial plots. We have established a range of ecological conditions for the formation of floodplain meadows along ecological gradient scales. The result is presented as an indirect ordination using the method of non-metric scaling. The moistening of soils is a leading factor in the formation of floodplain meadows in comparison with the richness of soils and pasture digression. In total, we detected 251 species of vascular plants from 48 families and 139 genera. Meadow species of plants have different indices of phytocenotic significance (for all species of the general floral list and for individual regions). The foxtail meadow is the absolute leader for all areas. The taxonomic floristic analysis showed the coincidence of only two families in the spectra of the general floral list and the flora of the entire region. All types of plants are divided into categories: medicinal, decorative, tanning, dyeing, technical, cultivated, honey, food, forage, weed and poisonous species. We have identified areas with a massive spread of poisonous species (Kholmogorskii, Primorskii districts) with weeds of small-stalked herbs (Verkhnetoemskii, Krasnoborskii, Pinezhskii districts), and with coarse-grained species (Pinezhskii, Primorskii districts). Grass stands of highest quality are located in Plesetskiy region.

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СТРУКТУРА РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПОКРОВА БОЛОТ АККУМУЛЯТИВНЫХ ЛЕДОРАЗДЕЛЬНЫХ ВОЗВЫШЕННОСТЕЙ НА ЮГЕ КАРЕЛИИ

Author(s): Pavel A. Ignashov,Viktor L. Mironov,Oleg L. Kuznetsov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2 (163)/2017

The presence of numerous small scale mires (less than 100 ha) on the territory of Karelia is rather common for this territory. According to our research most of the small size mires are understudied. The goal of our research was to evaluate the state of floral diversity and vegetation communities in small mires of accumulative glacial uplands located in southern Karelia. The research results of the floral and geobotanical studies on 48 mires of Veshkelskii and Vohtozerskii accumulative glacial uplands are presented. The checklist of mires’ flora includes 127 species of vascular plants and 54 species of moss. 12 associations of plant communities were defined using the topological-ecological approach. The detrended correspondence analysis helped to allocate associations in gradients of ecological factors reflecting both the nutrient status and moisture characteristic of the habitats. Ombrotrofic plant communities are located on mires in closed hollows with no outflow. Oligotrophic and mesotrophic plant communities are located on mires with flow-through hollows.

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НАУЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2 (163)/2017

I Международная конференция «ОЗЕРА ЕВРАЗИИ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ» 11–15 сентября 2017 года, Петрозаводск; Всероссийская научная конференция с международным участием, посвященная 60-летию Института леса Карельского научного центра РАН «БОРЕАЛЬНЫЕ ЛЕСА: СОСТОЯНИЕ, ДИНАМИКА, ЭКОСИСТЕМНЫЕ УСЛУГИ» 11–17 сентября 2017 года Петрозаводск; VII Всероссийская научная конференция с международным участием «ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЛЕСНОГО ПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЯ» 13–17 сентября 2017 года Петрозаводск;

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