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On the basis of comparative analysis of scientific approaches to characterizing ecosystems the author has indicated the sense and the main peculiarities of innovative ecosystems. The author has determined that the new growth theory, the evolutionary theory, and the neo-institutional theory are methodological frameworks of the developing innovative ecosystem concept.
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In the article essence is exposed innovative technological hubs and the features of their application are certain during realization of innovative policy. The examples of functioning are resulted hubs in foreign countries and their influence is rotined on development of modern highly technological industries. Pre-conditions are analysed for adaptation of front-rank experience of forming innovative technological hubs in the regions of Ukraine in the direction of strengthening of integration processes after principles of decentralization.
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The author has indicated the sense of the human capital reproduction as the flow of human capital during a human life cycle. Owing to investing, the human life cycle encompasses processes of accumulation, usage, and reproduction at a new level or the loss and aging of knowledge, skills, abilities in quantitative, qualitative, and value terms. The author has substantiated the polycyclicity of the human capital reproduction as a combination of its general and phased reproductive cycles and cycles of intellectual, labor, organizational and entrepreneurial, and social capitals of a human.
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The property market is local and thus regional factors have a very important impact on its evolution. However, global factors also have an impact. This paper explains that fast economic growth can lead to strong cycles in the market and also cause problems for the stability of the economy. With a case study of the housing market in Warsaw we show that very different economic and regulatory factors can create cycles which look quite similar at first sight. We conclude that one needs to understand the fundamentals of a given cycle to be able to smooth it. The main driver of the cycle in Poland is the significant shortage of housing units, and thus people react very strong to any possibility of improving their living conditions. Rises in income or declines of mortgage costs trigger a demand boom, while the supply side is constrained by regulations and increasing construction costs. The excessive demand leads to quite strong cycles which could be smoothed with a large amount of rental housing.
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Local development is associated with investments, the implementation of which requires significant financial resources. Revenues are the primary source of these funds, but also own income or non-returnable funds from abroad. Thus, those local self-governments (LGU ) will develop, which actively and effectively participate in the real estate market, as well as those that will have the possibility to incur liabilities. The indicated conditions are closely related to the construction of an individual debt limit of LGU. In the study, attention was focused on the effects of changing the LGU debt limitation to the economy of municipal real estate in Poland — probably unintended by the legislature. Its purpose is to indicate that the new approach to LGU debt limitation: (1) encourages local government to sell municipal real estate and forced the analysis of the structure of municipal real estate in the aspect of having real estate, and (2) causes changes in the structure of municipal real estate and ways of using it. The statistical data from 2010–2016 are the background and confirmation of the theses and issues presented in the study. The considerations and figures presented in the study show that: (1) return revenues are primarily the source of financing local development, although in recent years a significant change is visible in this area, (2) the new LGU debt rule forces LGU to undertake actions aimed at selling property, (3) sales of municipal real estate is conditioned both by the potential buyer and the seller, (4) both the pool and the structure of municipal real estate is changing, which gives grounds to believe that in the face of many restrictions, it has a chance to become optimal in given conditions and time, and (5) the optimal structure of municipal real estate from the point of view of territorial self-government missions, the number and type of tasks performed by individual LGU, as well as their situation and financial conditions is different in each LGU, and it is difficult to assign a target status.
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The aim of the work is to present the relationship between the development of residential real estate markets and local and regional development. It was found that the number of completed dwellings is strongly connected with the value of transactions on residential property markets in cities of over 200 000 inhabitants (confirmation of the theory of the residential real estate market as a “growth machine”). The value of transactions on the residential real estate market in these big cities proved to be strongly correlated with the number of natural persons performing economic activity and the share of persons working in the service sector in voivodships which would indicate regional development. Along with the increase in transactions on the residential real estate market, the demand for construction and renovation of flats and houses increases, as well as for works that cause an increase in the utility value of the property: finishing works, production and assembly of fences, hardening of the area or setting up gardens. The question arises as to whether natural persons performing economic activity do such works mainly in cities with more than 200 000 inhabitants and in suburbanization areas surrounding them (the hypothesis of local development), or the external effects of real estate markets as a “growth machine” have a supralocal range, somehow “leaking” beyond the areas of large cities and suburbanization zones (the hypothesis of regional development). Therefore, in-depth surveys are necessary.
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The issue of the design of high-speed rails becomes very current theme, especially because of the connection of the Czech Republic to the European system of HSR. The issue of the design is not only about the preparation of technological parts of the construction. The most important thing is the preparation of the site to enable planning of the design of the construction. It is necessary to bring the designed route into line with land use plans, to assess the impact on the environment and other factors. The article includes the application of these aspects when assessing the design of the HSR route model between Prague – Dresden. This will mean linking the Vaclav Havel Airport Prague and airport in Dresden.
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The study employs CGE model, on the data provided in SAM 2007-08 for Pakistan designed by Dorosh et al. (2012), to investigate the impact of Pakistan’s exports on the major aggregates of the economy. To this end, three experiments have been conducted, exports are increased by 5% in the first simulation (SIM-I), in the second simulation (SIM-II) by 10% and in the third simulation (SIMIII) by 15%. The findings of the study reveal that increase in exports has favourable impact on the performance of macroeconomic variables of the economy i.e. GDP, public and private consumption, savings and investment. Domestic output level of most of the commodities has risen except mine, food manufacturing and other manufacturing. Incomes and expenditures of all the households have risen that results in rise of utility level of all the households. Moreover, all the households have also recorded an increase in the values of compensating variation which implies higher level of welfare for households. However, the value of compensating variation for non-agriculture households has risen more than that of agriculture households indicating pro-urban effect. Equality among the households has improved as the inequality indices have registered declining trend. The study suggests that export promotion measures should be incorporated in poverty alleviation, income equality and economic growth strategies.
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The relevance of the topic is revealed, the goal is formulated – an analysis of the labor market balance in Ukraine and the development of proposals to overcome the identified imbalances. For 2016–2017 the analysis of: demand and supply of manpower by types of economic activity, by professional groups; unemployment by type of economic activity, occupation, level of education, age and load on vacant positions in the country and its regions. Comparison of unemployment and wages in Ukraine and some EU countries is made. The conclusions are drawn: the existence of an imbalance of the labor market in all these segments. Proposed ways to overcome imbalances. The main imbalances in the labor market, their impact on economic growth in Ukraine and ways to overcome them are identified.
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The aim of the article is to evaluate the development of the stock exchange financial market in the Russian Federation and to indicate its basic characteristics. Two segments of this market were analyzed: foreign exchange market and capital market. The research period encompasses years of 2012–2016 and the starting point was the first year of operation of the Moscow Exchange (MOEX) after the merger of two exchanges, namely the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange (MICEX) and the Russian Trading System (RTS). The analysis of turnover and capitalization statistics (in the case of equity and bond markets) as well as the portfolio of financial instruments of the local stock exchange were used as a research method. The following thesis has been adopted in the paper: stock market in Russia, as a result of the strong diversification of its offer, gives investors a wide range of investment opportunities. The structure of the stock market in Russia is different from that seen in developed financial markets in other countries.
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The present paper aims to present and discuss the national results for Romania of the comparative research on healthy food baskets, carried out within the European Reference Budgets Network (2014-2015), a project financed by the European Commission at the initiative of the European Parliament. While food baskets have been for long computed in Romania, they have no longer served as policy tools since 2004. Acknowledging the crucial importance of modelling reference budgets for decisions over the minimum wage, social benefits and subsidies for public services, this study embraces a methodology designed by Goedeme, Storms and van den Bosch (2015), in order to construct an updated reference budget for nutritious food and sports activities in 2015 Romania. Among its main conclusions, our study reveals that the values of means-tested social assistance benefits fall far below the monetary value of the healthy food basket. Moreover, dual-earner families employed for the minimum wage and raising two children can hardly afford the daily costs of a balanced nutrition that also fulfils the social and cultural functions of food.
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One of the key challenges, that modern companies have to face, is being able to react and adapt to rapid changes in the economic environment. The need to stay competitive forces the adjustment of value chains in order to meet the demands of contemporary technology. The aim of this paper is to verify whether lean management is complimentary or contradictory to Industry 4.0 and analyze if modern companies are interested in aligning lean solutions with the technologies connected with the fourth industrial revolution. The use of such novelties can be seen as costly, but crucial in order to stay competitive. Furthermore, the interaction between a pre-existent paradigm, which is Lean Production, and the new concept of Industry 4.0 is shown on various real-life case studies, which are used in order to show the practical outcome of the fourth industrial revolution. A framework for the implementation of smart solutions is proposed (treated as one of the main components of the transition from Lean to Smart), such as the e-Kanban.
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The authors of the paper focused on the issue of the quality of public transport service in Warsaw. First of all, the results of selected, similar research by different authors are discussed. Using the quality gap method, the biggest drawbacks of the public transport service features in Warsaw were presented. The results confirmed trends presented in the papers which are already published. Punctuality, frequency of travel and price for the journey are the most important according to Warsaw passengers. For the price, there was the largest quality gap for each transport mode. Simultaneously, the general assessment indicated that the expected quality in relation to the received one is the lowest in rail transport.
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The objective of this article is to investigate the impact of research and development (R&D) spillovers on cartelization of industries characterized by differentiated products. For simplicity, we focus on the duopoly market in which firms compete according to the Stackelberg leadership model. Numerical analysis shows that as long as products offered on the market are at least slightly differentiated, it is beneficial for firms to cooperate at the R&D stage, and form a cartel at the final product market. The threat of cartelizing industry is not present only under fully homogenous goods’ competition. But, since the vast majority of product markets trade in differentiated goods, tightening cooperation in R&D generates a serious threat of industry cartelization. Thus, significant antitrust issues emerge.
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In the article presented the possibilities of using selected hedging option strategies to manage the level of refining margins. The research was the market of crude oil and refined products in the period from January to September 2016. A crack spread 3/2/1 was used as a model refining margin. To protect the margin level, authors of the article decide to choose two different types of spread strategies: a bull spread and a bear spread with different strike prices of options (ATM-2%, ATM and ATM+2%).
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A permanent property applicable to every socioeconomic system (SES) is its development. SES development is an integrated process with two sides that can be distinguished, i.e. quantitative and qualitative ones. The quantitative side reflects its static aspect, i.e. the state of the development at a certain point in time. The qualitative side of development reflects its dynamics, i.e. the scope of development changes. In order to make an integrated assessment of the standing of SES development, both these aspects above have to be assessed in a quantitative manner and be further combined into one generalised value. These days, assessment of the standing of SES development is limited to evaluation of the achieved level only, i.e. its quantitative assessment. Due to the fact that all socioeconomic systems are always large and complex systems, they tend to have a multitude of aspects. The indicators that reflect such aspects form a system thereof. It is thus the basis for further multicriteria assessment of the development state. In order to reduce the number of indicators to be assessed simultaneously so that experts could establish the weights thereof in a sufficiently accurate manner, a hierarchically structured system of indicators is developed and presented here. Following this methodology, the level of economic development across Lithuanian regions has been determined. When the scope of development changes was established on that basis, the integrated indicator of the regional development state was calculated following the proposed formula. On the basis of the correlation-regression analysis, it has been determined that the scope of development changes is larger in the regions with lower level of development achieved.
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The aim of this article is to analyze the services provided at the yacht ports and marinas belonging to the West Pomeranian Sailing Route. The first stage involved the analysis of services and their classification. The analysis covered the number of objects offering the particular service. Furthermore, the article presents the results of analyzing the structure of ports in terms of their service using selected descriptive statistics, i.e, the measure of the central tendency and differentiation. These results may support logistics processes in yacht ports, perceived as a service company in terms of planning and service delivery, to meet the needs of consumers as much as possible.
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The aim of the article is to identify and analyze selected factors affecting the number of services provided in yacht ports. For the purposes of this study, the research hypothesis is made that the number of services provided is related to the number of residences available at each port. Residents of yachts in yacht ports may generate demand for a variety of services not available for short-term and one-off stay in the port. According to the idea of logistics, planning, organizing and controlling all kinds of activities undertaken by the company should aim at satisfying customer requirements. This can be achieved by extending the range of port services. The hypothesis was verified using mathematical and statistical methods as well as participant observation. The territorial scope of the research includes the ports belonging to the West Pomeranian Sailing Route.
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With the advancement of the TSL industry, the storage business is growing very rapidly. It is implemented both for the needs of enterprises and in the form of services offered on the market. This trend entails the need to develop warehouse areas that are the main element of the logistics infrastructure. At the same time, they are a component of the infrastructure of the region or of the country, giving the opportunity to develop both warehousing services and logistics services as well as other areas of activity (industry, trade). In reference to this, the aim of the article is to present the availability of warehouse area in the Silesian Voivodeship in quantitative terms against other regions of the country. Also pay attention to the role of the available warehouse area in the development of the voivodeship and its main activity.
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Distribution networks are a complex system. The complexity of the distribution network is depending on: numbers of cooperating links, different forms of cooperation, proximity, as well as of location of the material decoupling points and in consequence scope of activities fulfilled by distribution companies. The complexity of the distribution network increases the risk of disruptions in material flows. Showing variants of improving the resilience of the distribution network is a purpose of the article. Researches were conducted in the distribution network of smelting products. Field research were carried in three types of the organization: service centre, logistic enterprise, wholesale company.
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