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#30 Energy Sector Governance and Energy (In)Security in Bulgaria

Author(s): Ruslan Stefanov,Todor Galev,Martin Tsanov,Martin Vladimirov,Nadejda Gantcheva / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2014

This report explores the major governance deficiencies in the Bulgarian energy policy regarding the strategic, institutional, and legal framework of the sector. The report focuses on state capture of energy policy by private political and economic interests that led to bad management practices in the sector, to lack of consistency in the legal and regulatory framework, to deteriorating investment environment, and to the involvement of the country in infrastructure projects that undermine the national long-term strategy and policy priorities. This has affected negatively the Bulgarian taxpayers and consumers, has jeopardized the financial stability of the state-owned energy companies, and, ultimately, has reduced the energy security of the country. The report recommends that the implementation of the country’s energy policy should be reconsidered and should be based on EU priorities and on sound cost-benefit analyses with regard to Bulgaria’s energy security.

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#32 Radicalisation in Bulgaria: Threats and Trends

Author(s): Rositsa Dzhekova,Mila Mancheva,Maria Doichinova,Lyubomira Derelieva,Tihomir Bezlov,Maria Karayotova,Yavor Tomov,Dimitar Markov,Miryana Ilcheva / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2015

The phenomena of radicalisation today develop and change at high speed, with their extreme forms manifested globally. The destructive dimensions of (violent) Islamist or right-wing radicalisation have become dramatically visible in Europe posing serious challenges to European societies at large. This report aims to address a knowledge gap with regard to how and to what extent internationally observed radicalisation processes are manifested in Bulgaria. Four different forms of radicalisation are investigated, including Islamist radicalisation, right-wing and left-wing radicalisation, as well as football hooliganism. The report provides policy makers and the expert community with a systematic overview of the main risks to which the Bulgarian society is exposed, as well as of the main actors and ideas, the repertoire of actions and the groups at risk associated with radicalisation. The report outlines recommendations for improvement of the policy and institutional response with regard to radicalisation by way of monitoring and prevention measures as well as multi agency collaboration and community engagement.

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#33 Extortion racketeering in the EU: vulnerability factors

Author(s): Atanas Rusev,Lorella Garofalo,Elena Sciandra,Andrea Gimenez-Salinas,Carmen Jorda,Manuel de Juan Espinosa,Tihomir Bezlov,Margarita Gasparinatou,Irene Stamouli,Sofia Vidali,Marina Marchiaro,Valentina Giampietri,Radu Nicolae / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2016

Extortion racketeering has been long pointed out as the defining activity of organised crime. Although in recent years this crime has not been among the top listed organised crime threats in the strategic EU policy documents, it still remains ever present in European countries. The seriousness of the phenomenon has been recognised at the EU level and the crime has been listed in a number of EU legal acts in the field of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. The report Extortion racketeering in the EU: vulnerability factors analyses extortion racketeering forms and practices in six EU member states. The analysis disentangles the risk and the vulnerability factors for enterprises in two business sectors – agriculture and hospitality – as well as in the Chinese communities. Drawing on the results of the analysis, the report suggests new policies for tackling extortion racketeering in the EU. This report has been produced with the joint efforts of the Center for the Study of Democracy, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses y de la Seguridad – Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Transcrime – Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano and Vitosha Research and with the support of Guardia Civil in Spain.

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3D Modeling in Management Processes of New Products Production Preparation

Author(s): Józef Matuszek,Tomasz Seneta / Language(s): English / Issue: 12.1/2016

The paper defines the concept of 3D modeling. It includes the characteristics of the production processes preparation in condition of mass production, trends in the methods for process design development of new products in large industrial corporations as well as their implementation in individual enterprises. It presents modern methods of logistic processes modeling and simulation as well as the examples of production activities design including visualization. Finally, the thesis determines the possibilities of given course of proceedings in the application of production practice.

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40 lat od reform Deng Xiaopinga: wyzwania i perspektywy chińskiej gospodarki

Author(s): Damian Wnukowski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2018

Po czterech dekadach stopniowego otwierania chińskiej gospodarki na świat i na początku drugiej kadencji Xi Jinpinga władze ChRL ogłaszają pogłębione reformy, w tym zwiększanie dostępu do rynku dla zagranicznych podmiotów. Pomimo umocnienia władzy Xi należy się spodziewać dalszego wybiórczego wprowadzania zmian, uzależnionego od siły chińskich przedsiębiorstw w konkretnych branżach i ich potrzeb rozwojowych. Zapowiedzi reform stwarzają okazję dla UE do wywarcia presji na polepszenie sytuacji firm z państw unijnych działających w ChRL.

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40 Years Since Deng Xiaoping’s Reforms: The Chinese Economy’s Challenges and Prospects

Author(s): Damian Wnukowski / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2018

After four decades of gradually opening the Chinese economy to the world and at the beginning of the Xi Jinping’s second term in office, China’s authorities are announcing deep reforms, including increasing market access for foreign entities. Despite strengthening Xi’s power, one should expect a further, selective opening of the market depending on the strength of Chinese enterprises in specific industries and their development needs. The announcements of the reforms provide an opportunity for the EU to put pressure on improving the situation of companies from Union countries operating in China.

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50-lecie ASEAN-u: szansa na nowe otwarcie w relacjach gospodarczych z Polską

Author(s): Damian Wnukowski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2017

W tym roku ASEAN obchodzi 50. rocznicę powstania. Założone w 1967 r. stowarzyszenie przyczyniło się do utrzymania pokoju w regionie i do jego dynamicznego rozwoju gospodarczego w ostatnich dekadach. Dlatego uznawane jest za jeden z najbardziej udanych projektów integracyjnych w Azji. Jednak pomimo rosnącego znaczenia ekonomicznego organizacji jej obecne relacje gospodarcze z Polską są niesatysfakcjonujące i nie wykorzystują w pełni swojego potencjału. Sposobem na poprawę sytuacji jest m.in. postępująca integracja w ramach Wspólnoty Gospodarczej ASEAN-u oraz intensyfikacja działań promujących Polskę w regionie.

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A “Trillion Euro” Problem: Target 2 as a Risk for Germany

Author(s): Sebastian Płóciennik / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2018

In the German discussion on the eurozone, there is not only a question of reforms, e.g. the introduction of a joint budget and finalisation of the banking union. Much attention is also paid to the Target 2 payment system, which simultaneously accumulated the high, positive balance of the Bundesbank and the negative balances of the central banks of the southern European countries. This imbalance is considered an economic and political risk for Germany. However, remedies against it are in short supply. Actions that are too rapid or radical could destabilise the eurozone.

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A Continuum of Approaches to School Inspections: Cases from Europe

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A Continuum of Approaches to School Inspections: Cases from Europe

Author(s): Rossitsa Simeonova,Yonka Parvanova,Martin Brown,Gerry McNamara,Sarah Gardezi,Joe O’Hara,Laura Del Castillo Blanco,Zacharoula Kechri,Eleni Beniata / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2020

School inspection systems have undergone a transformation in response to the changing social and economic scenarios across Europe. However, two major approaches can easily be identiﬁed that also deﬁne the two ends of the continuum of the approaches to school inspection. On one end is a high stake sanctions oriented inspection while on the other end is the low stakes advisory inspection. The elements that contribute to the rigour of school inspection include governance arrangements, statutory powers of the inspectorate including powers of sanction, the forms and frequency of inspection visits, the level of emphasis on school self-evaluation and action planning for improvement; and availability of support services for the schools. The current paper presents four cases from Europe: Bulgaria, Ireland, Greece and Spain (Extremadura) describing how school inspection is organised in these countries as deﬁned in the governing legislation and to which end of the continuum their inspection system is tilted in the light of that case’s performance on the above indicators. Towards the end, this paper makes a comparison of the cases and suggests why the relationship of trust and respect between inspectors and the inspected is stronger in some cases and how developing inspection systems can beneﬁt from analysing the established systems.

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A Country with non-Existent Unemployment. The Special Characteristics of the Czech Labour Market

Author(s): Krzysztof Dębiec / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2019

Since 2016, the Czech Republic has had the lowest unemployment rate among all EU member states (cf. Chart 1). In mid-2017, it overtook Japan to reach the top position in the ranking of OECD member states. This situation adversely affects companies which are looking for ways to cope with workforce shortages. One solution is the automation of production processes, but employers are also appealing for the country to become more open to receiving immigrant workers, above all from Ukraine. The trade unions are opposed to this, fearing that an influx of workers from other countries will slow down the rate of increase of wages. At the same time, there is a debate in the Czech Republic about the degree to which the present economic model contributes to the country catching up with the Western economies and what should be done to speed up the convergence.

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A Glimpse on Gender Inequality in Paid and Unpaid Works During Pandemic Times

Author(s): Cristina Mocanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

The paper aims to analyse the different challenges that the pandemic crises and lockdown measures have on women lives and works. Pandemic crises ask for carrying activities, both paid and unpaid, works that are usually done by women. The focus of the paper is on the impact of the apparently gender-neutral measures adopted by the Romanian government on the lives and careers of women. We find women as majority both in the frontline services, but also in the sectors that are most affected by lockdown measures. Also we find women as major caregivers in their families, as mothers or grandmothers. Starting with the challenges that we are all currently facing, the last part of the paper aims to portrait the gender roles after lockdown ends and economic crises will take the place.

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A Post-Pandemic Budget: The New Multiannual Financial Framework 2021–2027

Author(s): Melchior Szczepanik / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2020

The European Commission (EC) wants to issue bonds to finance the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic without reducing the budgets of existing common policies. The axis of the larger EU budget will be the implementation of two key projects launched before the pandemic: the green and digital transitions. The Commission proposal has elements that are attractive for both sides of the debate about the EU budget and it is, therefore, likely that the final outcome of the negotiations will not be much different.

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A stalemate in the US–China trade negotiations: the tariff war and technology sanctions

Author(s): Jakub Jakóbowski,Michał Bogusz / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2019

The first fortnight of May 2019 saw a major escalation in the Chinese–American trade dispute, in which additional tariffs on around 40% of bilateral trade were imposed and the US introduced an embargo on the Chinese technology company, Huawei. This new phase in the economic conflict between China and the US ends the five month long period of relative de-escalation and intensive negotiations on a framework trade agreement, initiated during the meeting in December 2018 between Donald Trump and Xi Jinping at the G20 summit in Buenos Aires. Unlike during the previous breakdown in the negotiations in May 2018, which resulted in a freeze on contacts, both sides have announced their willingness to continue the dialogue on the trade deal. However, continued escalation of the dispute (for example, over Huawei) is leading to a gradual sharpening of both sides’ rhetoric and a toughening of their stances as regards the conditions for recommencing the talks. The present phase of the conflict has revealed deep discrepancies in issues of fundamental importance for the future of the negotiated deal, including the mechanisms for ensuring its enforcement, in addition to the circumstances and dates in which the current punitive tariffs could be lifted. The prolonged stalemate in the negotiations may cause the US to resume its tactic involving a gradual stepping up of its pressure on China, which in turn will translate into a downturn in the global economic situation and Washington’s increased political pressure on its allies as regards their cooperation with China.

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ACTION AREAS OF THE LABOUR MARKET POLICY IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

Author(s): Aleksandra Lozanoska,Elizabeta Djambaska,Natasha Daniloska,Diana Boshkovska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

The contemporary challenges of the socio-economic development are imposing more or less the same essence of the labour market policy areas and instruments in the developed countries, as well as in the developing countries. They are directly dependent on the implementation of structural reforms aimed at stabilizing the economies and fostering economic development. Concerning this, the paper is analyzing the areas for implementation of the labour market policy and activities in the Republic of Macedonia, as well as in the European Union, regarding the challenges of the contemporary society. They relate to the work of the institutions responsible for creating and implementing the labour market policy, the legislation relating to its functioning, labour force statistics and information system. The analysis is determining the target groups of the labour market and is giving certain recommendations and guidelines for possible future actions and measures that can ensure employment growth, reduction of the unemployment, and provide more efficient functioning of the overall labour market.

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Affective Well-Being of Private Sector Employees in Slovakia

Author(s): Miriam Martinkovičová,Miroslava Knapíková,Alena Kascakova / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

Affective Well-Being of Private Sector Employees in Slovakia. The primary aim of the paper is to present selected results of an original representative survey of the use of time in Slovak households, in which one of the methods of determining the affective component of subjective well-being was used for the first time in Slovakia. Based on the recommendations of the harmonized research on the use of time, we identified extremely positive emotion (happiness) by the means of 24-hour monitoring of the allocation and use of time for paid work, unpaid work and leisure time during the working day and free day. For this contribution, we selected those respondents who are private sector employees. We evaluated and processed the perception of the affective component of subjective well-being (SWB) in terms of age categories of employees, gender, and household category. The research has shown that the hedonic component of SWB, meaning an extremely positive emotion, is the most common among employees in the 25-49 age group at performing unpaid work activities during the working day. Employed women perform more unpaid work and they feel more positive emotions during its performance than working men. Employees living in households with children up to 15 years of age feel more positive emotions at performing unpaid work activities than employees without young children. On the other hand, employees living in households without children (up to 15 years of age) experience more positive emotions during leisure time activities.

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Aktywność badawczo-rozwojowa jako determinanta wzrostu innowacyjnego firm rodzinnych

Author(s): Joanna Sadkowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 7.2/2015

Rapid changes that take place in business environment have caused that family firms have to continually respond to growing demands of their stakeholders. At the same time the major question addressed is- what are the most effective tools to build their strong competitive position in a market. This paper highlights the problem of Research & Development expenditures as an area of innovative activities of family businesses. The first part of the paper discusses different aspects of business innovative growth while the second has been dedicated to the analysis of R&D intensity of family businesses resprenting 5 different sectors at the NewConnect market.

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Aktywność inwestycyjna przedsiębiorstw sektora MSP w Polsce w latach 2009-2013

Author(s): Dorota Starzyńska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10.2/2016

The aim of the article is to analyze the enterprises with foreign capital share from the SME sector and their impact on the development of the sector. The empirical analysis of the influence of foreign investors to the Polish SME sector was based on selected economic indicators: number of enterprises, number of employees, the investment intensity, the value of capital expenditures for the purchase of fixed assets per one company. In the article the published data coming from Central Statistical Office characterizing the national enterprises and entities with foreign capital operating in the SME sector from the years 2009-2013 are used. The analysis confirms significant role of entities with foreign capital operating in the SME sector. An author draws the attention to the micro enterprises, which investment intensity achieved more than 25%. SME sector is the important player in the labor market and in the area of investment activity.

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AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AGENCIES FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

Author(s): Solomon Akpoviroro Kowo,Olalekan Owotutu Sabitu,Kadiri Bola / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

The study was designed to explore the role of entrepreneurship agencies in enhancing entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. This paper investigates the challenges, problems facing the entrepreneurship agencies in Nigeria. The research paper utilized an explanatory qualitative approach based on the in-depth interviews with ten Nigerian Organizations based in Ogun State Nigeria. The research also brought to knowledge the several challenges with entrepreneurship agencies in Nigeria including poor planning and execution of the programmes, general indiscipline of the officials and beneficiaries, inadequate funding, lack of coordination of the programme. The study demonstrates the need for the Federal Government of Nigeria, Organizations and Entrepreneurs to see the importance and perceived benefits of entrepreneurship agencies for entrepreneurship development. It is recommended that developing countries particularly Nigeria should adopt a good strategic plan on gainfully engaging the youth because youths are regarded as the future of the nation and the act of indiscipline by the officials of these agencies and beneficiaries should be eradicated.

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An Overview of Doing Business in Western Balkan: The Analysis of Advantages of Doing Business in Kosovo and North Macedonia

Author(s): Gëzim Jusufi,Getoar Lubeniqi / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

Achieving sustainable market economies in the Western Balkan countries will depend on a number of barriers being overcome. For this reason, these countries lack competitiveness in the business environment. Many problems in the business environment are persistent but common problems across of the countries of this region are getting electricity and construction permits. These problems or barriers are set out in Doing Business Reports of World Bank. The paper reviews doing business in Western Balkan countries especially in Kosovo and North Macedonia. The main goal of this paper is to analyze of the advantages of doing business in Kosovo and North Macedonia, where does Kosovo stand in terms of doing business in relation to North Macedonia and what Kosovo needs to learn from North Macedonia in order to improve the business environment. To achieve the set goal, we have used the integrative review method. The results show that North Macedonia is a leader in the Western Balkans in doing business because the great campaign done by the Macedonian institutions for attracting Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). So, Kosovo should be based on North Macedonian practices. A new investment campaign in Kosovo would certainly have a positive impact on business environment.

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An Overview of Selected Missions and Strategies of Higher Schools in Poland

Author(s): Małgorzata Cieciora / Language(s): English / Issue: 7.1/2016

The concepts of “strategy” or “strategic planning” have traditionally been associated with the military context or with the business environment. The question arises whether they can serve as effective instruments for development of higher education institutions as well. An attempt of an analysis of the mission statements and strategies of some of the well-established, high-ranked higher schools in Poland was made. The findings show that, although it is difficult to estimate to what extent Polish higher schools treat their mission statements and strategic plans as the sources of competitive advantage and not just marketing tools, the process of implementing strategic thinking in higher schools in Poland has already started.

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