»I was both the man and the woman«: Gender Stratification in Communist and Post-Communist Romania

Author(s): Gerard Weber / Language(s): English Issue: 9 (23)/2017

This paper examines the recent history of gender stratification in Romania. Based upon research among working-class retirees in Galaţi, it juxtaposes the gendering of work in the communist period with that of retirement in the post-communist years. That women were burdened with labor in the domestic realm and either, or sometimes both, the agricultural or industrial sectors during the communist period only to enter protracted poverty when they retired after 1989 is underscored, the life histories of two women illustrating this process. One is of a woman who labored in textiles while raising children all but alone because her husband held work outside the city. The other is of a woman who conducted agriculture while also caring for the household. Both women suffered physically from the work they performed, but the demands also had psychological ramifications. The textile worker describes feeling pressure to ensure that she reared children who would not become vagabonds, while the other reflects on the anxiety that she suffered attempting to do all her work. A key point that emerges from these life histories is that women arguably braved even more intense expectations than men upon their work lives. Greatly exacerbating this injustice was the fact that women were never compensated for waged labor at the same rates as men, and their household tasks were never remunerated at all. In addition to the lower pay, women accrued smaller pensions than men if they earned one at all. Retirement in the post-communist has as a result been crushing particularly to women. They have not had the income to manage expenses in a rapidly changing economy. This has made it difficult for women to bear the costs of necessities, and it impels them to engage in range of strategies that often heighten the stress that poverty already generates.

Çalışanın Memnuniyetini Etkileyen Faktörler: Bursa Örneği

Author(s): Mehmet Çınar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2018

The fact that the employee is satisfied with the work and therefore with the workplace is beneficial in terms of both employee and workplace in many respects. At first, employee satisfaction will increase their productivity. Therefore, the goods or services produced will increase and this will support both the development of the industry and the profitability of the company. In this study, the factors affecting the satisfaction of the working people were discussed. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 2000 employee in Bursa. Estimation results of the logistic regression model used in the study reveal that the satisfaction of the working person depends on many factors. However, it is seen that the most important factors are respectively the status of the employee and the industry. In other words, employee satisfaction varies according to sectors and the status of the employee. In addition, incomes, gender, marital status, social assistance, service and overtime pay are also factors that affect satisfaction.

ČAS PANDEMIJE IN IZZIVI SOCIALNEGA DELA V SLOVENIJI IN PO SVETU

Author(s): Ana Marija Sobočan / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 96-97/2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has induced radical changes in the lives of people across the globe. To better understand the scope and characteristics of the pandemic’s impact on the ethics of social work practice, an international group of researchers, in collaboration with the International Federation of Social Workers, conducted an online survey in May 2020. Social workers from 55 countries responded, contributing 607 responses in seven languages. The present article presents the results of the Slovenian part of the research, in the context of broader, global findings of the research. The analysis of the responses to the survey provided six central themes that emerged worldwide and in Slovenia (n = 14), in varied contexts of socio-work practices, social policies, socio-economic and epidemiological conditions.

Čimbenici kvalitete življenja osoba s intelektualnim teškoćam

Author(s): Daniela Bratković,Bojana Rožman / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2006

Beginning with the general definitions of the term and factors of quality of life, the paper presents a review of contemporary views on the dimensions and indicators of quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities. The review of the basic dimensions of quality of life in the context of different theoretical approaches stresses the importance of the multidimensional and interactional approaches in this field of research. A critical overview of the current research on the characteristics of quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities notes the discrepancy between the holistic and ecological theoretical grounds and the limited inclusion of different factors in most research which mainly focuses on the assessment of limited scope of mostly objective indicators. The neglect of this field of research in Croatia is noted as well as the need to furthermore develop currently not sufficiently implemented methods for the assessment of the subjective perception of quality of life, especially qualitative methods. Finally, the paper stresses the significance of applied research meaning the application of the concept of quality of life as the foundation for the development of contemporary models and community-based supports aimed at improving the quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities.

Čimbenici uspješne participacije u svakodnevnom životu osoba s ozljedom kralježnične moždine

Author(s): Lucija Mišić,Andreja Bartolac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2015

A qualitative study using the method of semi-structured interviews was conducted with the aim of exploring the factors of successful participation in the daily life of persons with spinal-cord injuries several years after the injury. The study included a deliberate sample of six adults with spinal-cord injuries who volunteered to participate. The criterion of their successfulness was active participation in daily life activities, independence, and involvement in the activities of an association that gathers people with spinal-cord injuries. Thematic analysis of the results was based on transcripts of the conversations. An analysis of isolated factors which are recognized as important by participants in achieving their independence, success, and life satisfaction was conducted. Factors that have contributed to successful participation are personality, support from the individual’s environment, the setting and achievement of goals on a daily basis, openness to new activities and challenges, active life before the injury, development of supporting technologies and the environment. The research reveals possible personal resources and other strategies that can contribute to successful rehabilitation, as well as participation in daily life after rehabilitation.

Įgalinimo samprata ir veiksniai socialinio darbo metodų perspektyvoje

Author(s): Milda Venclovienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2015

The article contains the origins of the concept of empowerment, the empowerment concept in the science of education and social work. Empowerment factors are discussed and various features of empowerment are analyzed in the context of social work methods.

ĮVAIKINIMAS: DEINSTITUCIONALIZACIJA - PALANKIŲ SĄLYGŲ VAIKUI AUGTI ŠEIMOJE PRIELAIDŲ SUDARYMAS

Author(s): Vida Gudžinskienė,Gediminas Navaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2016

The strategic goal of Lithuanian society is the deinstitutionalization of children’s care homes- the shift from institutional care towards the adoption. This article is looking at the adoption in the context of deinstitutionalization, which could create constant and favourable conditions for the child to grow up in the family environment. Analysed topical literature and its findings are being compared with the response of the potential adoptive parents, who have participated in the qualitative research and their expressed opinion towards, according to them, the most important aspects regarding the adoption that are complimenting each other: legal, the role of the family in child’s life, confidentiality in the process of adoption and psychosocial support for the families, who have already adopted. The purpose of this article is to show the adoption in the context of deinstitutionalisation, which could provide continuous and positive environment for the child to grow up in the family. In order to reach the set goal the following tasks have to be achieved: 1) the aspects of adoption to be discussed, revealing advantages and disadvantages and comprehension of both; 2) to show the discourse of social support in the context of deinstitutionalisation for the families that have adopted. In order to achieve set goals, relevant methods were selected: revision of the main ideas and findings in the literature and its comparison with the opinion expressed by potential adoptive parents in the qualitative research. Study participants (informants) were the clients of limited liability psychological counselling company „Santuoka“. Research findings are based on the interviews conducted with 12 women and 10 men, between 2012 and 2015. Given information shows that the search for potential adoptive parents is expanding and their preparation is being improved. Despite the fact that there is a legal base created and being developed for this very purpose, two out of five (38%) of all children in question, are still living in the institutional care. Adoptive parents are being confronted with all types of difficulties, which are the unavoidable part of the adoption process. In order to deal with the arising problems it is important that there would be a smooth legal regulatory process in place, support from the specialists and the preparation of the potential adoptive parents. Research conducted in relation to the common belief within society towards adoption shows that potential adoptive parents have unrealistic and contradictory believes towards the interests of the child and legislations. It is important to create a support and preparation system for potential adoptive parents, which would provide them with the information regarding adoption, allow them to fully comprehend the concept of it and dissipate the unrealistic “myths” about possible adoption and support thereafter. The creation and provision of psychological support system would help to solve the arising tensions for the couples, who are in their new roles of the adoptive parents, and other family members.

ŠKODA SPÔSOBENÁ SOCIÁLNEJ POIS OVNI VÝPLATOU DÔCHODKOVÝCH DÁVOK NEPRÁVOM

Author(s): Mikuláš Krippel / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2014

The 25-pages contribution deals with the damage to funds of Social Insurance Agency caused by pension benefit, which was paid unjustly or in a higher amount than due (caused by overpayment of pension benefit). The contribution examines the conditions of accountability for overpayment of benefit: benefit recipient´s accountability or employer´s accountability in the execution of social insurance, unwarranted enrichment of third parties in civil legal relationships, contractual responsibility of post office or bank and employee’s accountability.

Závěrečná doporučení

Author(s): Michaela Marksová-Tominová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Žene u bh. institucijama - marionete zakonske kvote

Author(s): Amila Ždralović,Zlatiborka Popov-Momčinović,Zarfa Hrnjić Kuduzović / Language(s): Bosnian

Na osnovu dosadašnjih istraživanja može se izvesti teza da je Bosna i Hercegovina školski primjer razdvajanja pravnog (de iure) i stvarnog (de facto) ostvarenja rodne ravnopravnosti. Međutim, niti su u prvom segmentu opravdana idealizovanja, niti su u drugom opravdana nivelisanja onoga što je do sada urađeno. Prethodno se može konstatovati da je zakonodavstvo sagrađeno na bespolnoj legislativi koja se naknadno pokušava korigovati kroz mehanizme posebne zaštite ženskih ljudskih prava.

Žmogaus gerovės kūrimas transformuotoje visuomenėje: švietimo prieinamumo principas

Author(s): Kęstutis Trakšelys / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2015

The article deals with the accessibility of education as one of the most important human well-being transformed society principles. Access to education for transformed society guarantees the personal social mobility, career and income, the key indicators that affect the welfare state index. Empirical research on the education availability of various social groups is also presented in the article.

Znanost, neoliberalizam i obrazovanje u pandemijskom vremenu

Author(s): Senadin Lavić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 89-90/2020

Destruktivni odnos neoliberalizma prema nauci, obrazovanju i zdravstvu najbolje se pokazuje u globalizacijskom procesu i Covid-19 pandemiji. Krizno stanje društva jasno pokazuje kako dominantna politika populizma obesmišljava znanost i podčinjava je spornim ideološkim modelima. U punom kapacitetu raskriva se činjenica da u bosanskom društvu nedostaju uvjerljive društveno-znanstvene analize pojava i procesa te opća humanistička orijentacija u sistemu obrazovanja i svakodnevnom životu. [...]

Znižovanie konfliktu práca – rodina prostredníctvom rôznych zdrojov sociálnej opory

Author(s): Lucia Ištoňová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2015

An effort to fully understand the interface of work-family conflict and social support can be observed in psychological research for more than three decades. This study explored relationship between different sources of social support and work-family conflict in its both directions and three forms. Work-family conflict was measured by the Work-family conflict scale (Carlson, Kacmar, Williams, 2000), whereas social support was measured by twelve items constructed for the purposes of the present study. The data were collected via on-line questionnaire during the period of two-months (October 2013 – November 2013). The sample comprised of 100 participants both female (n=64) and male (n=36), working full-time, married and had one or more children. For women the results suggested that the only effective support that significantly reduces work-family is social support obtained from direct supervisor. Specifically supervisory support reduced perceived work interference with family caused by strain. For men the results indicated that collegial support significantly reduced work interference with family and vice versa in its behavioral aspect. Furthermore supervisory support significantly decreased work interference with family. However at the same time supervisory support increased family interference with work. Finally both spouse and broad family support significantly reduced family interference with work for men. This study contributes to enhanced understanding of the relationships between social support and work-family conflict in our region.

Žofia Bosniaková a jej sociálne dielo

Author(s): Mária Letzová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2021

The personality of Baroness Žofia Bosniaková (1609 – 1644), daughter of the Captain of the Fiľakovo and Šurany Castle, Tomáš Bosniak and wife of the later Hungarian palatine František Vešeléni, is most often associated with her social work and charitable activities towards her peasants. Charity was also a manifestation of her piety. As a noblewoman, she realized the need for social assistance to her peasants at a time when its structure and organization were still developing in our territory. She developed her charitable activities especially during her marriage to František Vešeléni, when her home was the Strečno estate, ie manor house in Tepička nad Váhom and Strečno Castle. During this period, she was heavily involved in helping the poor, willing to listen to them and stand up for them. In addition to occasional support, she founded the Poorhouse of Seven Pains and Joys of Virgin Mary which has been operating in Teplička nad Váhom for over 300 years. However, she was not limited to the inhabitants of Strečno estate but she was also involved in the affairs of her peasants at the inherited estates. Her social work has its following, especially in the vicinity of Teplička nad Váhom, to this day. Even with regard to these facts, we can characterize the social work of Žofia Bosniaková as the central benefit of her life.

Zofia Szarota, Starzenie się i starość w wymiarze instytucjonalnego wsparcia [Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego, Kraków 2010, 417 pp.]

Author(s): Artur Fabiś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2010

Zorganizowane wyjazdy na wieś jako forma pomocy dzieciom łódzkim w latach I wojny światowej

Author(s): Aneta Stawiszyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2019

Horrors of the First World War affected the life of all citizens of Lodz, especially the young ones. Victualing-related problems led to a phenomenon of hunger and numerous strictly connected diseases. Various charity organizations tried to help children from Lodz, for example by organizing countryside excursions for them. The children took part both in a few-week summer stays, as well as in a few-month visits to the countryside. One of the main aims set by the organizers was to improve the overall well-being of children by providing them with proper nutrition. Even though the children staying in the countryside were required to work and help farmers, some positive influence of the aforementioned stays was frequently indicated.

Żydowska Samopomoc Społeczna w okresie akcji „Reinhardt”

Author(s): Aleksandra Bańkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2017

In 1942 the Jewish Social Self-help (Żydowska Samopomoc Społeczna, ŻSS) was the only central Jewish organization in the General Government, with branches in over 300 localities. From the very beginning of Operation Reinhardt the ŻSS Presidium in Cracow had received official letters from the local branches and letters from private persons containing information about “deportations in an unknown direction,” that is, to death camps. This article analyzes the content and language of that correspondence and describes the actions undertaken by the ŻSS Presidium with regard to the collected information. During the first weeks those were attempts to confirm the transports’ destination and negotiations with the German administration of the General Government regarding provision of decent living conditions in the places of ‘resettlement’. Those efforts were discontinued with the gradual advent of the awareness of the extermination. From then on the Presidium concentrated on protecting its own employees from deportation and increasing their number. Moreover, it also encouraged its local branches to establish work co-operatives for artisans, which was thought to enable the employed to avoid deportation. In the end all those efforts came to no avail. The ŻSS continued its activity, in a significantly reduced dimension, under a changed name (Jüdische Unterstützungstelle, JUS) until July 1944.

Актуално състояние на ресурсната осигуреност на социалните услуги, базирани в общността за хора с увреждания в България

Author(s): Nadezhda Harizanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Social services for people with disabilities which are based in the community are of great importance for their right of independent living among their natural environment/ community. It is possible by social work, well define and planning social policy and also appropriate direction of resources – financial, human and others.

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ СУДЕБНОЙ ПРАКТИКИ ПО ПРИМЕНЕНИЮ МЕР ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ЗА НЕНАДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ ИСПОЛНЕНИЕ АЛИМЕНТНЫХ ОБЯЗАННОСТЕЙ

Author(s): Olga Nikolaevna Nizamieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2015

The paper is devoted to the study of urgent problems which appear as courts apply the rules on responsibility for improper fulfillment of alimony obligations. In order to secure the judicial practice uniformity, it is suggested to improve the legal regulations on application of material sanctions for the delay or failure to fulfill alimony obligations.

Алтернативни методи и подходи за финансиране на здравеопазването

Author(s): Danail Vrachkovski,Kalina Kancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Healthcare is one of the major sectors of social sphere in the conditions of market economy. A number of changes are being performed in that sector, due to the dynamics of economic environment in Bulgaria. As a public activity it is directed to man, his/her physical, psychic and social well-being. The healthcare system is incessantly upgraded to economy. This article is a general review of some alternative approaches to fund the social activities, as: hospital re-engineering; diagnostically related groups as well the solidarity systems for social protection.