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The Historiography of Sustainability: An Emergent Subfield

Author(s): Jeremy L. Caradonna / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2015

The growing interest in sustainability in the present day has sparked interest in the concept’s history. Numerous historians over the past two decades have sought to trace the conceptual origins of sustainability and sustainable development. This essay constitutes the first historiographical analysis of this emerging body of literature. The author shows that there are two main branches to the historiography, one focusing on intellectual and cultural origins, and the other focusing on the unsustainability of past, collapsed societies. The essay also offers normative ideas about how the historiography could further develop.

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Sustaining sustainable development: The shifting moral base of the concept, 1972-2002

Author(s): J. A. Du Pisani / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2015

This article traces the shift in the moral arguments in the sustainable development discourse, which occurred between 1972 and 2002. In the early 1970s ecological considerations were dominant and the zero-growth option had strong support. By the end of the 1980s the influential report of the Brundtland Commission recommended that the balance between the ecological, economic and social aspects of sustainable development ought to be maintained. From the 1990s there was a shift to poverty alleviation as the main focus of the sustainable development discourse. Representatives of the developing countries started making contributions to the evolution of the concept of sustainable development and succeeded in merging the sustainable development discourse into the wider North-South debates. A decrease in wealth rather than a decrease in poverty would be the correct approach to the achievement of sustainable development. However, such a radical change of direction would only be possible once considerable progress has been made towards redressing the imbalances in the gloabal distribution of wealth.

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Teaching Sustainability Using a Focused Multi-disciplinary Approach

Author(s): Teresa Sabol Spezio / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2015

The myriad definitions and measures of sustainability complicate the development and teaching of an introductory sustainability course. The United Nations’ Brundtland Report provided a definition for sustainable development and John Elkington and others modified the concept with the Triple Bottom Line, which sought to balance environmental stewardship, economic growth and social responsibility. Sustainability’s growing popularity and relevance to many academic majors compelled course developers to create multi-disciplinary courses that are relevant to many academic disciplines. During the development of a course on sustainability, University of Houston and Colby College course developers believed the main challenge for effective pedagogy involved effectively intertwining the complexity of sustainability with an applied focus in a multi-disciplinary classroom. In this case, the course developers choose a specific policy focus – energy in this case – to explore sustainability’s complex and multi-disciplinary nature. With this specific analysis, the students were then able to apply these new skills to other sustainable policy programs. Additionally, the explicit multi-disciplinary character of the classroom allowed the professors and the students to bring their strengths and use them to increase the awareness of the importance of the multi-disciplinary approach to solve problems.

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ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY, GOLI OTOK- HUMAN AGENCY AND FAUNA

Author(s): Milica Prokić / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2014

Human past of Goli Otok (Barren Island) and its political prison years have been touched on by historians, albeit being largely underrepresented. The rich ecosystems and the biodiversity of Dinaric karst, as well as the geology and geomorphology of Croatian Kvarner Bay region, including Goli Otok as its part, have been explored by geologists, ecologists and biologists. Former political prisons, battlefields, military training grounds and concentration camps, the sites of human incarceration and adverse living conditions worldwide have been studied by historians from many perspectives, including that of environmental history. Between these notions emerges the space to explore the rich and dynamic environmental past of Goli Otok. Despite the physiognomy of the dry, barren, weathered karst to which Goli Otok owes its name, the island’s biodiversity is impressive. Additionally, the prison years, particularly the political prison era, (1949-56) had brought about dramatic environmental changes to the island: it became inhabited by humans who had built the prison complex; it had been partially afforested, quarried in search of marble and bauxite and introduced to domestic animals. Combining various scholarly accounts with the written and oral testimonies of former political prisoners, this article focuses on the animal life on Goli Otok through its environmental transition towards the present, human abandoned but animal inhabited state. The main objective of this article is to contribute to the more complete picture of the prisoners’ everyday experience on Barren Island through exploring which animals, in which order and way came to sight and the mind of these particular people, at this particular time, in this particular place.

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Around the Bloc: Albania Gets Set for Second-Ever Royal Wedding

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Around the Bloc: Albania Gets Set for Second-Ever Royal Wedding

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 10/11/2016

Communists labelled King Zog a traitor and erased the royal family from the history books; monarchists see Prince Leka II’s upcoming marriage as an important symbol.

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Integrated waste management system in Harghita county

Author(s): Mihai-Constantin Avornicului,Gyongyver-Emese Kovacs / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2015

Waste management problems in Harghita County (and other places in the country) have a major negative impact on society and pose a direct threat to human health, and an adverse effect on quality of life. Considering the current practices, it is clear that the system of waste management in Romania and Harghita county needs to be improved to meet the requirements of new national and European regulations. In Harghita County there are 36 protected areas of national interest, four protected areas of local interest and 18 Natura 2000 sites, including 13 Sites of Community Importance (SCI) and 5 Special Protection Areas (SPA). Strengthening a sustainable waste management system involves major changes to current practices. Implementing such changes can be successfully achieved only through the involvement of the whole society: population– as users, entrepreneurs, socio-economic institutions and public authorities.

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Assessment Methodology for Resource-Efficient Development of Organizations in the Context of the Green Economy

Author(s): Irina A. Markina,Antonina V. Sharkova / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2014

The paper deals with the problem of forming comprehensive methodology for determining the level of economic, social and environmental performance of all organizations. The system of indicators that allow an individual to make a forecast of the development of economy under the conditions of its transition from “brown” to a “green” one is proposed by authors. These indicators can be grouped into three categories: indicators of economic transformation, indicators of progress and well- being, and indicators of resource efficiency. An assessment methodology for resource- efficient development at the macro level was created in accordance with the international standard of the Global Reporting Initiative and methodology for sustainable development of the industrial organizations. This methodology is based on specific categories of indicators of organization’s sustainable development, such as the indicators of economic sustainability, social sustainability and environmental sustainability. The main stages in the formation and implementation of the methodology in the performance of an organization are presented in the given paper.

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European Union environmental security: the only achieving strategy

Author(s): Olena Melnyk,Inna Koreneva,Lyudmyla Zahorodnya,Iryna Danyl'chenko / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2016

The article deals with the main environmental policy stages in the EU. The principles of environmental protection are given. The legal environmental protection framework is considered. The features of regions with natural and common resources, industrial and human potential that has its own action plan for achieving common EU environmental safety strategy are considered.

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Środowiskowe uwarunkowania zarządzania rozwojem turystyki zrównoważonej w wybranych gminach w latach 1996-2011

Author(s): Jerzy Wojtatowicz,Kazimierz Dyguś,Jan Cetner / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

The aim of the present study is to show changes of the potential of ecotourism for 17 selected municipalities in the past 15 years, i.e. in the years 1996-2011. In order to assess the environmental conditions for the development of tourism in various districts there were taken into account seven basic characteristics of each area: 1) the overall environmental burden by rural residents, 2) forest cover, 3) diversity of the forms of land use, 4) type and area of the protected areas, 5) aerial load area of raw sewage, 6) environmental burden of undeveloped waste, 7) the state of the atmosphere in the area. To calculate the potential value 21 variables must be entered into the model whose values are taken from the Local Data Bank of Polish CSO and estimates provided by EMEP. The analysis allows achieving environmental assessment conditions for sustainable tourism development on a scale of 0 to 10, and information on changes in the ratings during the period, which allowed the formulation of qualitative predictions for the coming year for every municipality. The data should be used by local authorities at municipal and county planning activities to protect the environment and promote entrepreneurship in the field of tourism. They are also a valuable clue for potential investors of the tourism industry.

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Environmental Sustainability and Product Portfolio Management in Biodiversity Firms: A Comparative Analysis between Portugal and Brazil

Author(s): Daniel Jugend,José Figueiredo,Marco Antonio Paula Pinheiro / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

Although relevant research on environmental sustainability or product portfolio management is quite developed, few studies integrate the two areas. This research aims to shed light on the environmental sustainability practices adopted in product portfolio through a cross-country case study on leading biodiversity companies located in Portugal and Brazil. The results demonstrate that the pressure of government regulation and the tendency of markets to demand consumer products that do not harm biodiversity have changed the mindset of biodiversity companies, which have been trying to expand their environmentally sustainable product portfolio (ESPP). The results also indicate that tuning ESPP improves market performance and that the main barriers to integrate environmental sustainability into the product portfolio are technological.

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История городов и водные инфраструктуры в Российской империи и СССР

Author(s): J. Obertreis,O. Yu. Malinova-Tziafeta / Language(s): Russian Issue: 26/2019

This article investigates urban water infrastructures in the Russian Empire and USSR during the “Long 20th Century” and focuses on prospects for further development in infrastructural and environmental history within the framework of this subject. Infrastructural history has been particularly notable in German historiography of Western and Central Europe, and its theoretical solutions appear useful for research into Russian/Soviet city infrastructure. First, we suggest a shift in perspective from technological history to those aspects of environmental and urban history most closely concerned with politics and civil society—especially urban society, with its collaborations and collisions between various social groups, such as city and state officials, activists, and specialists in different areas. Differences between capitalist and socialist urbanization are also worthy of more study. Finally, we discuss the importance of modernism and modernization discourses, as well as issues related to the production of space. The combination of various research perspectives of urban history, the history of the environment, and infrastructure of the past makes it possible to productively explore city water infrastructure. At the same time, the analysis should pay attention not only to correlation with political history, periodization, and which points of view to challenge via new approaches, but also incorporating a new social history, the history of society.

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CLIMATE CHANGE NEWS AND CITIZENS AWARENESS: FROM POLITICAL STATEMENTS TO POLITICAL ACTIONS

Author(s): Zekeri Momoh / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Climate change is one of the most widely debated topics today, both at the international and national levels. This is due to the threat that climate change poses to human society. As a result, this study aims to analyze the amount of public knowledge of climate change news in selected countries. Furthermore, data for this study were gathered from secondary sources such as textbooks, journals, and online sources, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. This study found that a substantial number of nations studied throughout the world scored below 50% of their citizens' knowledge of climate change news, while a few countries scored slightly above 50% of their citizens' awareness of climate change news. In conclusion, this study recommends, among other things, that states should follow up their political statements with political actions to raise citizens' awareness of climate change, which will contribute to reducing the environmental repercussions of climate change.

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DEZVOLTAREA MODELELOR DE AFACERI SUSTENABILE ȘI COMPETITIVE PENTRU STRATEGII REZILIENTE

Author(s): Angela Timuş,Andrian Ulinici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2024

The development of sustainable and competitive business models for resilient strategies is a topical topic, due to the economic, social and environmental changes facing the contemporary world. In the context of global crises, such as climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic and economic instability, companies are forced to rethink their strategies to face the challenges of the future. Sustainable business models not only meet the requirements of environmental protection and social responsibility, but also stimulate long-term competitiveness. Companies that adopt sustainable and resource efficient practices build resilience, becoming less vulnerable to market fluctuations and strict carbon regulations. Orientation towards resilient strategies for the development of sustainable business models would constitute an opportunity for the Republic of Moldova in confronting atypical situations in the context of geopolitical flows.

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ZEMLJINA ATMOSFERA I SAVREMENA ENERGETIKA

Author(s): Dino Ćorović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 8/2022

Cilj ovog rada je analiza utjecaja savremene energetike na Zemljinu atmosferu i narušavanje energetske ravnoteže sistema Zemlja-atmosfera. Zagađenje životne sredine ekspanzijom industrijske energetike i povećanjem koncentracije stakleničkih gasova, direktno utiče na klimu Zemlje, što ima za posljedicu narušavanje Zemljine biosfere. U radu je analizirana promjena temperature površine Zemlje u posljednjih 160 godina, u periodu od 1860. do 2020. godine. Utvrđeno je da je za taj period globalni porast temperature iznosio oko 0,90 C. Savremena naučna istraživanja pokazuju da već nakon povećanja prosječne temperature površine Zemlje za oko ΔT ≈1,5 stepeni (0 C ili K), mogu započeti ireverzibilni procesi u biosferi, što rezultira narušavanjem toplotne ravnoteže sistema Zemlja-atmosfera. Ovo je posebno bitno s aspekta prognoze vremena i klime jer narušavanje toplotne ravnoteže Zemlje i donjih slojeva atmosfere, rezultira vremenskim i klimatskim promjenama na Zemlji. Stabilnost gornjih slojeva atmosfere je od ključnog značaja za nesmetano funkcionisanje navigacionih i komunikacionih sistema, gasovoda, transformatorskih stanica, visokonaponskih dalekovoda itd. Primjenon Stefan-Boltzmannovog zakona zračenja crnog tijela, dokazano je da prisustvo atmosfere dovodi do zagrijavanja Zemljine površine kroz efekat staklene bašte. U tom kontekstvu posebno je značajno infracrveno zračenje koje se emituje s površine Zemlje, a čija snaga trenutno iznosi P = 2,2·1014 kW. Uz odgovarajući matematički formalizam, primjenom Stefan-Boltzamnnovog zakona, urađena je procjena koliki su maksimalni kapaciteti vještačkih izvora toplotne energije koji se mogu instalirati na površini Zemlje, bez narušavanja toplotne ravnoteže sistema Zemlja-atmosfera. Snaga tih dodatnih izvora energije iznosi ΔP≈ 3,6·1012 kW. Trenutna snaga energije proizvedene na Zemlji dostigla je vrijednost 0,5·1010 kW. Značajan doprinos narušavanju toplotne ravnoteže sistema Zemlja-atmosfera daju i primjese (nečistoće) koje kontaminiraju atmosferu, a javljaju se kao posljedica vađenja i korištenja fosilnih goriva, kao i krčenja i spaljivanja šuma. Primjenom kvantne fizike i adekvatnog matematičkog formalizma uspostavljena je veza između koncentracije molekula primjese na površini Zemlje i promjene površinske temperature Zemlje koju izaziva ta primjesa svojim prisustvom.

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O KANTOVOJ TEORIJI ZEMLJE

Author(s): Petar Bojanić,Rastko Jovanov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2012

Unsere Absicht ist mittels der Betrachtung der Kantischen Theorie der Erde zu untersuchen in welchem Maß man in seiner Philosophie auch einen Ansätzen der heutigen Ekopotik, die eng verbunden mit der Auslegung Kants über das Verhältnis zwischen der Geographie, des Körpers und der Grenzen unserer Erkenntnis ist, findet. In der Kantischen Philosophie finden wir eine Geoethik, die sich mit dem Problem der menschlichen Seßhaftigkeit auf die Erde und mit seiner räumlich-moralischen Orientierung in der Welt beschäftigt. Kant kritisiert die übliche Erdeauffassung als den Besitz der menschlichen Gattung (species) und fordert durch das praktischen Postulat der Vernunft an, dass es notwendig ist, dass man das menschliche Verhältnis zur Erde wesentlich im Rücksicht auf die körperlich-geographischen Grenzen der unseren Erkenntnis überprüft.

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STANJE I PERSPEKTIVE UPRAVLJANJA OTPADOM U REPUBLICI SRPSKOJ

Author(s): Jelisaveta Seka Cvijanović,Slađana Batinić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 29/2024

Waste management is of great importance in addressing global environmental issues, as human activities directly impact the preservation and changes in the environment. In the Republic of Srpska, waste management is regulated by the Law on Environmental Protection and the Law on Waste Management, which define obligations related to the recycling, treatment, and disposal of waste. Between 2015 and 2023, there has been an increase in the amount of collected waste, along with a rise in recycling and separate waste collection. The increase in processed waste indicates gradual progress in implementing sustainable waste management practices. These findings highlight the need to identify challenges within the existing system, monitor compliance with current legislation, and assess the efficiency of waste management in the context of sustainable development and environmental protection. The significance of these results lies in the necessity for further improvements in waste management systems, reducing the negative environmental impact, and raising ecological awareness among citizens.

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ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ ИНТЕРВЬЮ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ДЕЯТЕЛЕЙ)

Author(s): Yulia Ermolaeva,Elena Loshchinina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2024

The article, based on 50 autointerviews with environmental activists, examines biographical trajectories of environmental identity formation and cognitive and contextual triggers of the desire for pro-environmental behavior. We use theories of environmental identity, approaches to the study of sustainable behavior, and the biographical method as theoretical frameworks. In the analyzed autobiographies we identified a dominant component—a trigger, which was described as a dual experience of an environmental problem in direct interaction with it (admiration for the beauty of nature with awareness of the present level of pollution), that led to personal and social transformations. Less common triggers—having children, education, the desire for a healthy lifestyle— were encountered much less frequently but were also capable of radically changing the socio-ecological practices of respondents. As the main activity in search of a way out of the crisis of values, informants chose to start a new business or a nonprofit project, join environmental movements, and change their lifestyle in accordance with environmental values and the values of sustainable development. The trend observed in Western studies was confirmed: Awareness of oneself as part of the natural world and of one’s impact on the environment went through several stages, including rethinking of the position in light of a personal crisis, concern for nature, feeling the need to take steps toward environmental activism, engaging in new projects, revising everyday habits, modifying behavior at work, and seeking involvement in environmental activist communities. In this case, environmental awareness was the main mechanism of personality transformation at the level of values. The biographies also manifested a global-local identity, that is, recognition of the importance of global environmental crises and of the importance of scaling up local socio-ecological practices in Russia.

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Правовое регулирование эмиссии метана и его роль в достижении основной цели Парижского соглашения: общий анализ проблемы

Author(s): Ksenia Borisovna Valiullina,M. E. Pekarnikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2024

This article explores the current legal and regulatory practices on lowering atmospheric methane, the main short-lived gaseous pollutant, adopted by the world’s largest methane emitters. In 2021, many countries joined the Global Methane Pledge (GMP), a joint international initiative, which has since been the guiding framework for estimating and reducing global methane levels. The GMP’s primary task is to support the goal of the Paris Agreement on climate change. Due to methane’s short life and the phenomenon referred to as the methane paradox, it has become clear that abandoning hydrocarbons completely would not guarantee a swift decrease in the radiative forcing of the lower troposphere. Reduction of aerosol emissions will lead to more intense warming during the first ten years, as aerosols are rapidly removed from the atmosphere. The only way to mitigate this effect is to curb short-lived methane emissions. Our findings reinforce previous conclusions and stress the critical need for developing legally binding regulations, both national and international, on greenhouse gas emissions.

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Literackie obrazy antropocenu jako wezwanie do ratowania świata przez dziecko

Author(s): Alicja Ungeheuer-Gołąb / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2024

The article concerns the issues of contemporary children’s literature in the context of the images of the Anthropocene and ecological phenomena it contains. The author emphasized the need to include children as a community cooperating with adults in designing a vision of the future of the world. The text draws attention to the ecological dimension of Maria Terlikowska’s story entitled Drzewo do samego nieba (1975) and the anthropocentric attitude to the surroundings on the example of the interpretation of Jan Bliźniak’s novel entitled Śrubek i tajemnice Maszynerii (2022). By juxtaposing these two literary works, the author presents the situation of children’s literature recipients living in the second half of the 20th century and in the 2020s as those who have a chance to create a society that cares about the future of the globe. She emphasizes the importance of people noticing human relationships with other (non-human) beings, and builds a reflection on the role of literaturę in shaping the worldviews of its young readers. The author underlines an optimistic tone of literary texts addressed to children, and indicates the area of children’s literature as an important place for creating a constructive dialogue between the world of adults, children and the components of nature.

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Pejzaże dźwiękowe w literaturze dziecięcej i młodzieżowej – komunikat z badań

Author(s): Agata Klichowska,Maciej Skowera / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2024

The article presents the project Dawne i współczesne pejzaże dźwiękowe w literaturze dziecięcej i młodzieżowej – ekokrytyczne analizy i interpretacje w świetle ekologii akustycznej i edukacji ekologicznej [Past and Contemporary Soundscapes in Children’s and Young Adult Literature – Ecocritical Analyses and Interpretations in the Light of Acoustic Ecology and Environmental Education], funded under the “Green University of Warsaw – 2nd Edition” action (IV.3.1) within the “Excellence Initiative – Research University (2020–2026)” program. The text presents the methodological basis of the project – along with the key concepts of ecocriticism, acoustic ecology, soundscape, and sound studies – as well as its assumptions, goals, individual elements, and preliminary results of the research conducted.

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