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This paper explores brownfield renewal as a measure of sustainable land use. The aim was to highlight the brownfield redevelopment as a strategy for mitigation of negative effects of climate changes. Emphasis was put on innovative concepts in brownfield redevelopment, which involve land recycling, application of ecological and sustainable solutions. Main case studies are from Austria. Their analysis and evaluation show which concepts and strategies are used in successful redevelopment projects, and which strategies give the best results. This shows that brownfield renewal can have positive effects on regulation and mitigation of climate changes. Finally, guidelines for climate changes accountable and redevelopment will be derived. Research methodology is qualitative and combined, comprising of data analysis, case studies (field work, interviews with relevant actors), analysis of case studies and evaluation according to previously defined criteria, synthesis of results and generalisation and interpretation of results.
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Based on the analysis of the sources and academic literature, the article comprehensively presents a critical analysis of the activities of the Bulgarian Blagoev Commune. The article covers the details of the organisation and functioning of the collective, the tasks set by the Bolshevik authorities. The article characterises the process of adaptation to a different country, the relations of the members of the commune with the local population and ties to Ukrainian associations. The results and consequences of the economic and financial activities of the international commune on the territory of Ukraine are generalised. The authors draw attention to the fact that the conscientious work of the members of the commune was used by the political regime under the slogans of building a bright future for the sake of an unrealistic socialist goal. Special focus is put on the party and public activities of the members of the commune. The contradictory nature of the position of the Soviet government regarding the newly created collective, the evolution of its party and state policy and the tragic fate of the leadership of the commune in the 1930s are discussed. The article outlines the recommendations on the practical application of the historical experience of the international collective in the context of international cooperation.
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The Northeast region (NER) is rich in biodiversity however it is under increasing pressure due to economic development. With this in backdrop, an attempt is made to investigate the trend in forest cover, shifting cultivation and urbanization. The analysis reveals that annual forest cover shows significant decreasing trend at Nagaland and Manipur while increasing trend is reported at six states. In order to understand the causative factor for increase/decrease, the data related to various forest cover viz., dense, open, scrubs and non-forestland were collected and analysed. The result indicates that except Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, the rest of the state reported increase in dense forest cover. The analysis also shows that area under shifting cultivation has decreased considerably across the NER. This can be ascribed to the afforestation drive, settled agriculture and social forestry etc. In NER, all the major towns show exponentially increase in population growth significant at 99%. Thus, there is a positive correlation between population growth with that of forest cover and urbanization unlike shifting cultivation. The results also show significant decrease in monsoon rainfall and an increase in temperature variables, a part played by change in land cover and land use.
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Tourism is an indicator and the consequence of the development of many countries. Among the priority areas of the tourism strategy are high mountain areas with complex ecosystems. Mountain tourism in Serbia, as well as continental country is one of the leading forms of tourism through various projects stimulated by the state. In the last ten years, build up and expand the ski slopes of Stara planina in eastern Serbia, leading to various, mostly negative changes in the environment. This paper analyzes the changes in the forest areas of the site Babin Zub in years 2000 and 2013, using satellite imagery (Landsat 7 and Landsat 8) and remote sensing software. We used unsupervised multispectral analysis resolution 30 m and obtained data on forest areas. The aim is to draw attention to the change of vegetation cover and degradation of forest areas. Following to the experiences of the world's ski resorts, the paper presents the opportunities and examples of restoration of ski runs, and sustainable forest management in the studied highland area.
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The aim of this paper is to present the requirements for the passive standard based on the example of the RES TTC building. The requirements were divided into main energy demand and detailed recommendations for each indicator. The calculations and analyses have shown that to achieve the required energy demand, better solutions than the recommended ones need to be applied, such as air handling units with better heat recovery efficiency. The same applies to the U heat penetration coefficient of heat for the outer partitions. The use of ventilation units with a recommended efficiency of 75% does not guarantee achieving a passive standard.
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In her article, Katarzyna Szalewska offers a reading of the idea of the zoo in the context of Michel Foucault’s concept of the spatialization of discourse. Lars Berge’s book A Good Wolf. The Tragedy in a Swedish Zoo was an inspiration for Szalewska’s reflection. Szalewska refers to the history of the zoo and places this facility against the history of ideas, especially the nineteenth-century concepts of economization, scientism, collections and taxonomy. She then considers the zoo in the context of visual practices, especially the role of the gaze in the dialectic of power and knowledge. She shows that the zoo, functioning as it does in relation to the political and hierarchizing view, will always remain the domain of the cultural and the anthropocentric. Szalewska also addresses the perception and role of zoos as modern Noah’s arcs in the Anthropocene era and the ethical dimension of the “socialization” of animals.
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Umweltrisiken sind eine wichtige Bestandteil der Umwelterziehung in enger Verbindung mit verschiedener politischer Aspekten die eine entsprechenden Management benötigen. Es handelt sich um verschiedene geographische, physische und antropologische Aspekte… etc.Es handelt sich um verschiedene Preventivmaßnahmen und wichtige, konkrete Rettungsmaßnahmen. Eine entscheidene Rolle spielt auch die Beteiligung der Bevölkerung (diferenziert durch sex, alter, entfernung... etc.) um die wichtigen ergebnisen zu ereichen.
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According to Cas Mudde, we live in a “populist Zeitgeist”. The paper argues that not just the 21st, but also the 20th century is about populism. In the first section I elaborate the theoretical background of populism, which is claimed to be a never-ending phenomenon: here, various notions of populism are analysed; I investigate the relationship between democracy and populism; and I refer to the biopolitical framework of populism (called biopopulism) as well. This theoretical framework will be used to analyse Communist populism in Hungary. I elaborate the populism of the Horthyera (1920-1944) in the context of Communist populism. Then I analyse the case of Communist populism in Hungary (1948-1989) according to the following aspects: in the context of the working class and the bourgeois elite; the biopolitical character of the regime; goulash Communism as populist legitimacy; and the viewpoint of socialist patriotism. The main aspect of Communist populism is summarized at the end of the third section, and I briefly refer to the afterlife of Communist populism as a nostalgic phenomenon. The regimes analysed in this study aimed to govern the entire life of the citizens, which is why biopopulism is a useful analytical concept. The biopopulist framework shows that the investigation of the historical backgrounds of populism is necessary to understand contemporary populist tendencies.
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Homoljska Potajnica belongs to the type of a very rare, intermittent or rhythmic springs which appear exclusively in karst areas. It is one of the three known springs of this type in Serbia, while it is believed to be only about fifty of these in the rest of the world. As a rare karst and natural phenomenon, Homoljska Potajnica was a subject of interest for numerous researchers and geomorphologists in Serbia. Due to a very complex problem of occurence and the principle of functioning, to get the reliable data of how intemittent springs work, it is neccesarry to provide a continious observations, ussually in a long term period. This paper presents the results of the measurements of spring's flow activity and water discharge, taken in 2012. and 2013. These were carried out for comparison with the results of previous research, with an aim to determine possible changes in dynamics and mechanisms of spring's functioning in the past. One of the goals is to relate the annual precipitation regime with the intensity and frequency of spring activity, to try to determine the specific model of the spring's functioning. Another goal is to emphasize the need for continious observation in order to obtain the relevant data about the evolution of this rare natural phenomenon.
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The book is a result of research carried during 2012-2015 under the Nucleus Program "Consolidating the Consolidareaintegrării teritoriului naţional în teritoriul comunitar european prin definirea identităţiispaţiale şi realizarea coeziunii teritoriale în cadrul Strategiei Europa 2020the integration of the national territory in the European community territory by defining spatial identity and achieving territorial connectivity under the framework of Europa 2020 strategy", carried out by NIRD URBAN-INCERC, and funded by the National Research Authority.
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The main objective of the paper is to evaluate the activities undertaken and results achieved so far for reaching the targets of green economy and its component - circular economy in R. Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia and Croatia by studying the resource productivity, total waste generation, waste intensity and recycling rate, as one of the leading indicators for the circulating behavior of the materials. Also, an attempt to calculate the values of a recently suggested potential composite indicator for assessing the progress of circularity has been made. The results show that Slovenia and Croatia have higher resource productivities than R. Macedonia and Serbia. Similar results were obtained for the total waste intensity and recycling rates of the municipal waste. Although it was observed that the largest amounts of waste were generated in Slovenia due to the more intensive economic growth , at the same time Slovenia showed the lowest waste intensity (far below 1) implying that decoupling of waste generation from economic growth is more intense than that in the other investigated countries. The composite circularity indicator for R. Macedonia, and particularly for Serbia, has very low values due to very low recycling rates of the municipal waste (below 1%), lower GDP per capita and on the other hand very high CO2 emissions. As expected, the highest values of the circularity indicator were obtained for Slovenia implying that Slovenia is the most efficient in terms of energy and materials use. It can be concluded that the transition towards a circular economy in the investigated countries is taking place and the changes are more pronounced for the case of Slovenia, where as Croatia, and especially R. Macedonia and Serbia are lagging behind.
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Basic relations between the state of air pollution and their effects on chemistry of precipitation were introduced in this paper. Changes in the composition of atmosphere were defined by numerous chemical elements and compounds different in character which also affect the phenomenon of acidification and alkaline processes. The interconnected sources of emission, relations between urban and rural, the regime of rain measuring system and climate elements combined as whole give us more complete image of the global phenomenon and its effects on cities as a contemporary social development first of all caused by industrialization , its dependance upon fosil sources of energy and demographic pressure. Characteristics of main pollutants were considered as well as their ability to modify atmospheric conditions, but also the influence of climate elements on those conditions, ph rainfall average value movement, seasonal and daily variations, the influence of industrial zones and agglomeration on the conditions in the area much wider than emitters.
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The relevance of this topic is reflected in new economic thinking of the current times, which argues that global progress can be achieved only by coordinating economic efficiency, social justice, environment protection and institutional role. The coordination of these principles into one system is the concept of sustainable development, which is based on the idea that the current generation must satisfy its needs by preserving the possibility for future generations to satisfy theirs. This view is as important in Lithuania as it is worldwide. Analyzing the situation of sustainable development in Lithuania, one misses the information which consistently evaluates sustainable development and uses the concrete multi-criterion method, one also misses integrated indexes which would allow to evaluate the sustainable development of the country. The object of the article - the evaluation of sustainable development. The purpose of the article – to evaluate sustainable development situation in Lithuania by using multi-criteria assessment methods. To achieve this purpose the following tasks were set: 1. To introduce the theoretical aspects of multicriteria methods; 2. To find out the methodology of calculating integrated sustainable development index; 3. To analize Lithuania’s sustainable development situation during the years 2000-2010. Research methods: systemic analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization of scientific literature sources, structural, dynamic and causal analysis of statistical data. Concrete results of the research. The assessment of Lithuanian economic development in terms of sustainable development allows to identify the weak points in the economic development of the country, to analyze the changes and tendencies, to look for the possible solutions for economic, social, environmental and institutional problems. The were used four multi-criteria methods in this article: SAW (Simple Additive Weighting), TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment) and Integrated method. The best methods which can be chosen to evaluate sustainable development situation in Lithuania are TOPSIS and integrated methods. After conducting the analysis of sustainable development in Lithuania it was established that during the years 2000-2003 and during economic crisis in 2009 it was given bigger attention to institutional dimension to accieve important tasks (like joining European Union, solving economic problems, etc.). In 2009 economic development inex decreased by 34,39 per cent, social development index decreased by 6,13 per cent, environmental development index increased by 10,16 per cent while institutional development index increased by 41,93 per cent. Summarizing it can be concluded that sustainable development is a long-term strategy, ensuring clean and healthy environment as well as an increasing standard of living for the present and future generations.
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In her article, the author presented the results of surveys carried out among 395 consumers of ecological food. The surveys were carried out at specialist shops with ecological food located in the city of Poznan. There were identified the places of purchases of ecological food, assortment of the most frequently purchased products, motives and criteria for purchasing decisions as well as there were determined the type and frequency of pro-ecological actions. The author ascertained a low interest of the consumers surveyed in non-food ecological products.
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Decarbonization, in the light of environment protection policy, is a process which consists in reducing and, eventually, stopping completely CO2 emissions to atmosphere. The European Union targets a reduction of emissions of noxious greenhouse gases by 40% in 2030 and by 80–95% in 2050 versus 1990 levels. For those member states whose energy production is mainly coal-based, this may mean defining a completely new model of functioning on the power market. This article aims to identify experience and challenges in the area of economies decarbonization, especially the use of energy from renewable sources. Results of empirical studies performed based on a set of panel data from 2005–2012 were used as the basis for conducting scientific analyzes and interpretations. The study was carried out based on selected environmental indicators, GDP per capita and the share of renewable power sources in the energy industry structure. In the article, a note was also made concerning the spatial differentiation of electricity production from renewable sources.
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This article presents ecologically safe technologies and devices for drinking water treatment which can be used in megalopolices, small settlements and also in emergency cases.
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