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Теоретични и практически проблеми при анализа на стратегиите за решаване на конфликти

Author(s): Krasimira Yonkova,Rumen Rashkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The present report considers the theoretical aspects of conflict interaction by addressing the more important sociological, psychological and socio-psychological concepts and providing a set of practical parameters for intervention by the analysis of different strategies and methods to resolve andadjust the conflict. By analyzing the conflicting relationships in business and in the intimate (family) sphere of the social life of the man, the authors outline the conflict situation bordering between decisions and emotions. This different perspective made it possible to differentiate the different strategies of conduct for resolving business and personal conflicts. The last part deals with the basic methods of conflict regulation: psychological consultation, mediation and judgment.

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THE ELUSIVE RELATIONSHIP OF STATE POWER AND SOCIETAL PEACE: REFLECTIONS ON THE CASE OF KOSOVO

Author(s): Albana Cerkrezi,Reina Zelenaj Shehi,Festina Kabashi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Twenty years ago, NATO’s intervention against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), taking place without the approval of the UN Security Council (UNSC), challenged the sovereignty and non-interference norms the UN had perceived as international peace and order, until that moment. While the military action served to question existing principles, it simultaneously examined the effectiveness of non-authorization. Moreover, the Kosovo case stimulated one of the most important UN reforms that transformed the concept of sovereignty from right to responsibility. Conceptually, the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has largely advanced since then. The transformation shifted the attention from political to sociological peace making society, gender and victims of conflict at the focus of peacebuilding and peace sustaining processes. The juxtaposition of state and societal peace continues in post-conflict Kosovo with both approaches being intermingled: the security debate covers attempts for a peace-building agenda, whereas the formation of a national army is pursued.

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Regimul de exterminare la Aiud: înfometarea

Author(s): Nae Tudorică,loan Gh. Mitucă,Constantin Cesianu,Teohar Mihadaș,Nistor Chioreanu,Constantin Lățea,Ion Ioanid,Ion M. Ionescu,Nicholas Dima / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/1993

The authors are former political prisoners. Covering the period 1949-1956, the testimonies describe the daily food in Aiud, one ofthe extermination centres set up by the Communist regime. The prisoners' weight decreased to 19 pounds in less than four months. The estimated daily nutritive value did not exceed 1000 calories.

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Odpowiedź Kościoła katolickiego na problem wykorzystywania seksualnego osób nieletnich przez duchownych w latach 1984-2022

Author(s): Andrzej Kobyliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (32)/2022

In 2022, the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors became an integral part of the Dicastery of the Doctrine of the Faith. In this way, the will of Pope Francis was expressed to emphasize the importance of these activities that make the Catholic Church a safe place for minors. The main purpose of the research undertaken in the article is to analyze the most important stages of the fight against sexual abuse by Catholic clergy in the years 1984-2022 and to present selected ethical and legal aspects of the drama of sexual abuse of children and adolescents.

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THEORETICAL GUIDELINES REGARDING AGGRESSIVENESS, VIOLENCE AND CRIME IN THE FAMILY, WITH NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES ON SCHOOL BEHAVIOR AND ACTIVITY

Author(s): Victor AMARANDI / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 26/2021

Gradually, we observe an increase in the number of abused children or children who are victims of various types of abuse. Children are exposed to different types and degrees of neglect, as well as emotionally, physically or sexually abusive behaviours. The abusive behaviours can lead to diminished intellectual capacity and the formation of a problematic personality. Sometimes, the personality and marital problems in adults are because they were exposed to similar, incorrect and abusive behaviours during childhood. Experiencing abusive behaviours in childhood can conduct to the formation of children or adults who do not know much about what safety and gratitude mean. Also, this can lead to parents who are not able to pass on to their children what they have not received themselves. The children can be overwhelmed by the task of raising and educating the next generation.

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TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS FOR PROSTITUTION, ECONOMIC, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

Author(s): Alexandru Bogdan Romaniuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 29/2022

The phenomenon of prostitution is difficult to study for several reasons. Trafficking in women for prostitution sometimes takes on seemingly legal forms, with the persons in question crossing the borders with legal documents. The deeds can be committed by coercion, kidnapping, use of force, fraud, speculation of situations of economic or psychological vulnerability, but also with the consent of the person to be prostituted, based on the promise of a substantial remuneration, and trafficking is denounced by victim only when the trafficker no longer keeps his promise. In relation to the rule of law, networks of traffickers and pimps are also a separate crime factor. Trafficking in human beings by borders is preferred by drug or arms traffickers, because in the first case the risks are considerably lower, human traffickers together with prostitutes who have consented to it, cross the borders legally, without being able to demonstrate the real purpose and intentions of the trip. If we add to all this a perverted moral norm and deficient legal regulations, then we have the picture of a really serious social issue.

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Treatment of Trauma Using Horse Assisted Education in Poland

Author(s): Karolina Czarnecka,Kathleen Farkas,Jaroslaw R. Romaniuk / Language(s): English Issue: Sp. issue/2023

Trauma-informed care requires a sound therapeutic relationship to address trauma symptoms. People with trauma symptoms often cannot use their communication skills or do not possess the emotional stability to talk with others, and many drop out of treatment. Horse Assisted Education employs a partnership of horse and humans which leads to engagement and participation in experiential and narrative trauma treatment leading to sustained change and recovery. This paper illustrates a model of Horse Assisted Education in Poland, its application in the treatment of trauma symptoms. Three case studies are used to discuss the ways in which the human-animal partnerships foster therapeutic engagement and facilitate experiential learning and insight into trauma symptoms and recovery.

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Human trafficking for political purposes

Author(s): Muhammed Khariy Qsair Al-Jashami / Language(s): English Issue: 79/2023

Human trafficking is a crime against humanity that was and is still being committed by one person against another person for the sake of money and achieving material benefit by making the human victim a commodity or something that can be sold, bought and traded, and the forms of this crime have varied from trading for sex purposes to selling human organs and forced labor and others one of the images that the governments of countries and the United Nations are working to reduce and combat through national laws and international conventions with the aim of criminalizing this act and punishing its perpetrators even with the consent of the victim. However, the world is now witnessing a new image that can be added to these images, which is the case of human trafficking for political purposes Which is the subject of my paper, which is based on the idea that some political parties or owners of money in the countries of the world are working to support a specific candidate or to agree with a specific person for the purpose of applying for candidacy for the parliamentary elections, and in the event of his victory, he is obligated to implement the decisions and requests that are rejected by that partisan body or a group of men the money they supported in his electoral campaign. As for the other form, it is the case of supporting a person to reach a position in the government, he may be a minister or may like that. This situation can occur in all countries of the world when its elements are met, and the most important of these elements is the presence of a party that owns money and financing. The paper also identified the seriousness of this situation for societies in general, because its damage affects the lives of members of society more than its impact on one person. The paper It proposes to address the situation by penalizing it in national laws, especially those related to elections, and also by activating popular oversight of the work of a representative in parliament or an official in the government.

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Strengthening Cooperation between the Civilian and Military Sectors In the Context of State Security: Benefits and Challenges

Author(s): Rostyslav Shchokin,Oleksii V. SOLOVIOV,Ihor TANTSIURA / Language(s): English Issue: 83/2023

The unleashing of the Russian Federation’s unprovoked and unprecedented war against Ukraine has led to significant risks, threats, and dangers in the socio-political and socio-economic spheres. The prevention and counteraction of these threats and dangers require strengthening state security and establishing close cooperation between the civilian and military sectors. The above indicates the chosen research topic’s exceptional relevance and grounds its advanced study’s expediency. This study aims to identify the issues of interaction between the civilian and military sectors in the context of state security and find ways to strengthen this interaction in the context of current challenges and dangers. General scientific methods of economic analysis and scientific knowledge form the methodological basis of the research. These methods include system analysis, synthesis, scientific abstraction, comparison, analogy, functional system approach, classification, graphical method, generalization, and systematization. The study findings show that the problems of interaction between the civilian and military sectors in the context of state security became particularly acute during the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. They have significantly intensified after its full-scale invasion in 2022 and threaten the system of ensuring peace and security on a global scale. The authors have found that strengthening the interaction between the civilian and military sectors will enhance the defense capabilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and their ability to withstand the war challenges. The greatest need for civil-military cooperation has been identified in such regions of Ukraine as Dnipro, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Kherson, and Mykolaiv. Moreover, it has been found that the largest volumes of humanitarian aid and civil defense are directed to meet food and subsistence needs ($236.2 million), as well as to cover the costs of housing and non-food items ($143.1 million). The authors prove the necessity of adhering to the principles of military mission priority when civilian and military sectors interact to accomplish their tasks. The main directions for strengthening the interaction between the civilian and military sectors have been proposed. They include adopting the experience of civil-military relations units in NATO peacekeeping operations, improving the national system of civil-military relations and the structure of civil and military sector authorities, as well as ensuring the formation of appropriate conditions for the rapid achievement of goals during military operations.

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Икономическите девианти сред нас: интерпретация на нагласите, формиращи склонност към девиантно поведение в икономическата сфера

Author(s): Emilia Chengelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The current paper presents and analyzes recent empirical data from a nationally representative study of the factor determinism of the „shadow economy“. Within the framework of the study assessments were collected, revealing the dependencies between the demographic characteristics of the individual and the tendency to deviant behavior in the economic sphere. Depending on the inclination and attitudes towards deviant economic behavior, we distinguish between economic deviants and economic conformists. Economic deviants tolerate and get engaged in various manifestations of the „shadow economy“, although under certain circumstances economic conformists also ould be tempted by the shadowy practices.

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Лексикални измерения на жертвата на трафик на хора в разкази (интервюта) от първо лице

Author(s): Radoslava Koleva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

This paper aims to consider how a person who has become a victim of human trafficking depicts him-/herself, as well as to comprehend the existence of models of metaphorization related to such people. The text represents an attempt to analyze a language depiction in everyday speech through a study of some first-person narratives (interviews) in Bulgarian and in Polish of people who have been direct participants in this crime.

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POJEDINA OBILJEŽJA UCINITELJA I ŽRTAVA RATNIH SILOVANJA PROCESUIRANIH PRED SUDOM BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE

Author(s): Vedad Gurda,Amar Lukavačkić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 10/2023

During the international armed conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995, numerous crimes were committed, among which crimes of rape are at the top of the scale of brutality. It is estimated that between 20,000 and 50,000 women and girls were raped in the aforementioned conflict, of which the largest number of these atrocities were committed by members of the Army of the Republika Srpska (VRS), the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RS (MUP RS) and related paramilitary formations against Bosniak (muslim) women. It is to be assumed that an extremely large number of perpetrators were involved in the commission of the crimes in question, but unfortunately, a relatively modest number of suspects were prosecuted before the competent courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the neighboring Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Serbia. Within the framework of this work, the research focus is on the prosecution of war rapes before the War Crimes Chamber of the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the beginning of the work of the mentioned court until today (2005-2023). In the indicated period, 70 wartime rape cases involving 109 defendants were processed before this judicial forum. Out of that number, 55 cases were finally concluded, with convictions in 41 cases and acquittals in 14 cases. The subject of the research was some individual characteristics of perpetrators and victims of war rape. The research sample consisted exclusively of cases in which a final conviction was passed (N=41), in which 51 defendants were declared guilty of war rape and 80 victims of this crime were identified. The research established that all the convicts were male. In addition, 72% of those convicted were members of the Army of the Republika Srpska (VRS), 16% of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (RBiH Army) and 12% of the Croatian Defense Council (HVO). All members of the RBiH Army were convicted of war rape which is legally qualified as a war crime against the civilian population, which is a criminal offense that, according to the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina (CC BiH), does not include the existence of a widespread and systematic attack on the civilian population. On the other hand, the largest number of members of the VRS and four members of the HVO who were prosecuted for wartime rape were convicted of having committed that crime as a crime against humanity, which included a campaign of widespread, massive and systematic criminal activity connected with other crimes (murder, torture, imprisonment, deportation of the population, enforced disappearance, etc.).

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Characteristics of bullying in Belgrade high schools

Author(s): Adrijana T. Grmuša / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 4/2023

The paper presents the results of the study on the prevalence of bullying and its relationship with student’s sex and age, distribution of student roles, as well as characteristics of a bully such as sex, age and number. The survey data were obtained from 1,526 high school students in grades 2 through 4, from 19 Belgrade high schools. The findings of the study show that during the 2019/2020 school year slightly more than one third of students were involved in bullying. When it comes to bullying victimization, Belgrade high schools are slightly below the world average. Other characteristics generally do not differ from those found in previous research, and its main peculiarity is the fact that older students were more likely to experience bullying victimization, whereas no age-related differences were found when it comes to bullying perpetration.

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Разкриваемост на престъпленията срещу личността и собствеността в социалистическа България (1944–1989)

Author(s): Stefan Ivanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

This publication is part of a larger study of crimes against the person and property in socialist Bulgaria (1944–1989). It examines their general detectability as a whole, as well as separately the four most significant among them – thefts of public and private property, robbery, rapes and intentional homicides. The reflection of a number of social, economic and political factors that accompany the process is also taken into account.

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Psychological and Social-Communication Aspects of HR Management Career in Wartime, Including Stress, Motivation, Will and Efficiency of Working Conditions

Author(s): Oksana Kononenko,Andrii IVANCHENKO,Taisiia GAIVORONSKA,Tetiana KHITROVA,Svitlana SEMENKO,Viktor KUZMIN / Language(s): English Issue: 84/2024

The initiation of a full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, coupled with the imposition of martial law, has prompted a paradigm shift in the comprehension of psychological and socio-communication dimensions inherent in the management of human resources. This underscores the significance of the present work. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a thorough examination of stress, motivation, will, and the efficacy of working conditions as integral components constituting the psychological and socio-communication facets of HR management during wartime. The article employs methodological approaches such as analysis, synthesis, scientific generalization, and the formal logical method. The business landscape in Ukraine, under the constraints of martial law, is marked by diminished production volumes, logistical and supply chain challenges, and financial constraints. In this pivotal juncture, human resources (HR) management necessitates the systematic implementation of planning, organization, motivation, control, and regulation. Presently, structural adjustments in HR management encompass elements such as flexible management, decentralization, integration, privatization, heightened innovation, organizational workflow optimization, and enhancement of the quality of working life. Furthermore, there is a noticeable escalation in individuals' interest in self-management. Motivating personnel amid a military conflict poses inherent challenges, given that warfare induces stress, anxiety, and restlessness among employees. Stress, in a general sense, constitutes the body's defensive response to threats or tension, and its adverse impacts on HR management become particularly pronounced in the context of military conflicts, where these factors synergistically manifest.

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СУМИРАН ОСВРТ ВРЗ МЕЃУНАРОДНОТО ПРАВО ЗА ПРАВАТА НА ЧОВЕКОТ И НЕГОВИТЕ МОМЕНТАЛНИ СЛАБОСТИ КАКО ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ЗА ЗАШТИТА НА ЖЕНИТЕ ОД РОДОВО ЗАСНОВАНО НАСИЛСТВО-НОВА КОНВЕНЦИЈА ЗА РОДОВО ЗАСНОВАНО НАСИЛСТВО

Author(s): Luljeta Xhemaili / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1/2023

Throughout history, various forms of violence have manifested themselves in society as a result of the dominance of certain sectors or groups over others. In this context, gender-based violence is a key social mechanism for perpetuating women's subordination, because male hegemony—power considered the generic inheritance of men—is based on social control over women. Therefore, violations of women's human rights are directly or indirectly related to the gender system and mainstream cultural values. According to the terms of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, women enjoy the same rights and freedoms as men and autonomy. Gender-based violence, the protection of victims - survivors, the punishment of perpetrators of this type of violence and the support of survivors is one of the most controversial issues. at the international level in recent times. Along with the lines of discussion that follow, this paper argues that in an effort to strengthen existing frameworks, it is important to recognize that existing international human rights law already imposes broad and detailed obligations on states in relation to gender violence. and that proposals for a new instrument and other measures should not undermine but rather complement existing protection. He argued that greater efforts should be made to invoke and enforce existing standards, regardless of the position adopted on the desirability of a new treaty. The question that naturally arises is whether the new convention provides an overview of the role played by international law and its practice in advancing efforts to protect women from gender-based violence, so is a new convention desirable? , what measures might be applied if such an instrument were to be approved, and how it might be properly accomplished.

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FEMICID: PRIKAZ I OCJENA HRVATSKOG ZAKONSKOG RJEŠENJA

Author(s): Irma Kovčo Vukadin / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 9/2024

Femicide is the most severe form of gender-based violence. According to UNODC data, 137women in the world are killed every day. The adoption of the Istanbul Convention (Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence) increased social, political and public interest and increased awareness of femicide and consequently (in a smaller number of European countries) resulted in the introduction of a special criminal offense in criminal laws or passing special laws aimed at protecting victims and preventing femicide. Despite the increased activist and scientific-professional interest in this problem, there is still no uniformly accepted definition of femicide, which prevents the implementation of national and international comparative studies that could serve as a scientific basis in the development of policies, strategies and activities aimed at combating and preventing this problem. In March 2024, Croatia adopted amendments to the Criminal Code which, among other things, introduce the new criminal offense of "aggravated murder of a female person", which represents the criminal definition of femicide. The aim of this paper is to present the development of the Croatian legal definition of femicide, from the first presentation of the proposal to the final version, as well as the alignment of the legal definition with current definitions. An additional goal of the work refers to the analysis of the public debate on the proposal to introduce femicide in Croatia, by analyzing the comments and responses to the comments in the framework of the conducted e-counseling.

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OTVORI KNJIGU, OTVORI SRCE: ULOGA ROMANA ZA MLADE U PREVENCIJI VRŠNJAČKOG NASILJA

Author(s): Aksinja Kermauner,Silvester Vogrinec / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 9/2024

Violence is a complex concept that can occur in different forms and contexts. It is defined as the use of physical, emotional, psychological or verbal force against another person or group. Violence is a form of aggressive behavior that occurs between children or adolescents in the same age or age group and can affect the victim in the form of physical abuse, emotional problems, social isolation and other negative consequences. Violence is often perpetrated through the Internet or digital technologies; this is known as online violence or cyberbullying. Because of the serious consequences of the use of top-level violence, it is important to establish preventive measures to tackle it, because it is a serious and significant problem that requires an integrated approach in society, school and the community. The youth novel "Orfejeva lira", which, among other themes such as intergenerational relations and the nature of construction and the help of sport in building character, also deals with the subject of violence at school, can help to combat violence in a number of ways: Awareness raising; empathic understanding; identification; building courage; fostering dialogue; learning conflict resolution; autonomy and the development of self-reflective intelligence that encourages thinking with one's own mind. Together, these factors can contribute to creating a safer, more respectful school environment and reducing the incidence of bullying. According to the latest data in Slovenia, more than 30% of young people are victims of violence. This means that we must do everything we can to prevent peer violence.

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„Euthanasie“-Verbrechen im besetzten Europa. Zur Dimension des nationalsozialistischen Massenmords

Author(s): Lutz Kaelber / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Review of: „Euthanasie“-Verbrechen im besetzten Europa. Zur Dimension des nationalsozialistischen Massenmords, Hrsg. von Jörg Osterloh, Jan Erik Schulte und Sybille Steinbacher. (Studien zur Geschichte und Wirkung des Holocaust, Bd. 6.) Wallstein. Göttingen 2022. 391 S. ISBN 978-3-8353-5076-2. (€ 38,–.)

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The Aggressiveness of Institutionalized Minors Depending on the Type of Residence

Author(s): Catalin-George Fedor,Daniela Cojocaru / Language(s): English Issue: 86/2024

This article presents the findings of a research study that sought to identify and compare the levels of aggression exhibited by institutionalised minors, contingent on the type of residence in which they are situated. To this end, the research was conducted on a sample of 200 minors residing in four different forms of care: foster care, traditional placement centre, and apartment. The Buss and Perry aggression questionnaire was employed to assess four dimensions of aggression: verbal, physical, anger and hostility. The results demonstrate the presence of all forms of aggression in the research subjects, albeit with varying levels contingent on the type of residence of the institutionalised minor. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the child protection system requires reform, with an emphasis on developing the maternal care component and reducing the proportion of traditional foster care centres.

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