“Be a man”: Constructions of Childhood in Priscilla Galloway’s Truly Grim Tales

“Be a man”: Constructions of Childhood in Priscilla Galloway’s Truly Grim Tales

Author(s): Monika Koșa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The publication of Priscilla Galloway’s Truly Grim Tales in 1995 played a significant role in the evolution of the Canadian literary fairy tale. The stories from the collection are innovative both on a linguistic and thematic level. By focusing on selected tales from this collection, the present paper aims at exploring the representation of children and childhood in Priscilla Galloway’s idiosyncratic stories. These revisionist tales reinterpret complex issues such as gender, sexuality and/or childhood in accordance with the socio-cultural-historical context. Thus, the construction of childhood and portrayal of children is connected to the cultural, social and historical frame of reference and can generate further research on an interdisciplinary level.

“Look at Me, You Unfaithful Wife:” The Right-Wing on Women, The Women of the Rigth Wing and the Serbia Case

Author(s): Jelena Višnjić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

“Neutralna tačka gledišta ovog članka je osporena”: Usporedna analiza članaka o masakrima na Markalama u različitim jezičnim verzijama online enciklopedije Wikipedija

Author(s): Vedada Baraković,Mirza Mahmutović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3-4/2017

This study investigates how disturbing memories are mediated in the environment of collaborative platforms driven by consensus-building processes, such as the Wikipedia project. In accordance with the proposal suggested by a group of researchers geathered around the Digital Method Initiative, Wikipedia is used as a “cultural reference” to study the politics of memory and reconciliation, using a form of web content analysis. This paper presents, in the form of a case study, the results of comparative analysis of articles about Markale massacres across Bosnian, Croatian, English, Serbo- Croatian, and Serbian language versions on Wikipedia.

“Our Victims Define Our Borders”: Commemorating Yugoslav Partisans in the Italo-Yugoslav Borderland

Author(s): Borut Klabjan / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2017

This article discusses local cultures of remembrance of Yugoslav partisans fallen during World War II in Trieste, now part of Italy, and investigates the role of memory activists in managing vernacular memory over time. The author analyses the interplay between memory and the production of space, something which has been neglected in other studies of memory formation. On the basis of local newspaper articles, archival material, and oral interviews, the essay examines the ideological imprint on the local cultural landscape, contributing to a more complex understanding of memory engagement. The focus is on grassroots initiatives rather than state-sponsored heritage projects. This article argues that memory initiatives are not solely the outcome of national narratives and top–down ideological impositions. It shows that official narratives have to negotiate with vernacular forms of memory engagement in the production of a local mnemonic landscape.

“SIGURNA ZONA” SREBRENICA: MJERE UJEDINJENIH NARODA KOJE SU MOGLE SPRIJEČITI GENOCID

Author(s): Adis Poljić / Language(s): English Issue: 66/2016

The subject matter of this article is an analysis of the resolution 819, by which Srebrenica was declared a “safe haven” and measures that could have prevented the fall of Srebrenica. Security Council had proclaimed Srebrenica a “safe haven” with intention to protect Bosnia and Herzegovina, a member state of United Nations, precisely its civilian population in eastern Bosnia. Thus it was a responsibility of Security Council to provide mechanism for protection of Srebrenica, however it failed to do so, and the same thing happened as with resolutions adopted earlier by the Council – it gave no grantee of protection. United Nations may establish peace through peaceful resolvement of conflicts or through collective measures as per chapter VII of the Resolution. For effective application of the Resolution it was necessary to provide for collective measures that could have actually protect Srebrenica, instead it gave only an ostensible protection through mere presence of UNPROFOR with no other power but to protect itself. All the shortcomings regarding the protection of Srebrenica were evident in July 1995, when more than 8 000 people were killed. The verdict of the International Court of Justice declares that the genocide was committed over a protected group of Muslims from Srebrenica and Muslims of eastern Bosnia by the armed forces of Republic of Srpska, whereas Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was found guilty of failing to prevent genocide. Srebrenica should be a lesson to the United Nations so that genocide should never happen again.

“Vama zahvaljujući, Bosna i ovdje slobodu uživa”

Spisak imena poginulih boraca/šehida i civilnih žrtava rata u odbrambeno-oslobodilačkom rat u, 1992. – 1995. , na Centralnom spomen-obilježju u Gračanici

Author(s): Omer Hamzić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 29/2009

Nakon višegodišnje aktivnosti boračkih organizacija i nadležnih organa Općine Gračanica, te definitivnog izbora lokacije i provedene propisane procedure izbora idejnog rješenja, gradnja Centralnog spomen-obilježja poginulim borcima/šehidima počela je 2009. godine (I faza) i nastavljena početkom aprila 2010. godine (II faza). Svečano otkrivanje ovog spomen- obilježja obavljeno je na Dan odbrane općine Gračanica, 25. 05. 2010. godine. Svečanosti su prisustvovali, pored članova porodica poginulih i bivši borci Armije BiH omladina i građani sa svih područja općine.

“Vaša pobjeda, naša osveta.” Stradanje stanovništva općine Crkveni Bok 1943. i 1944.

Author(s): Milan Radanović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2020

The paper chronologically presents the crimes of the First Ustasha Defense Division (1st UDD) against the Serb population of Crkveni Bok municipality during the Second World War. The emphasis was given on the crimes of 1944, since the suffering of the local population during that year remained in the shadow of the events and crimes commited in 1942. Residents of the municipality were interned in the Jasenovac camp several times. On October 13, 1942, over a thousand locals were interned but were soon released from the camp. Based on new sources, we are able to assess the approximate number (about 90) of locals killed on October 13, 1942. On several occasions during 1944, members of the 1st UDD entered the municipality, capturing, killing or interning the locals. The second most massive internment took place on August 22, 1944, when about 30 people were killed in the villages and about 220 locals were interned. None of the internees survived the war. The paper also reveals details about the attacks of the German forces on the villages of the Crkveni Bok municipality during 1943 and 1944, when over 20 locals were killed. Furthermore, the paper reveals the structure and activities of the 8th Company of the 1st UDD and the Ustasha militia from the village Puska, whose members were mostly involved in crimes against the inhabitants of Crkveni Bok during 1944. An important part of the paper is devoted to the formation and operation of the Banija Self-Protection Brigade, a collaborating militia that operated in several Serb villages in Banija, including the municipality of Crkveni Bok. Most of the data presented in this paper are based on research and analysis of hitherto unused archival material. Among the findings of this research are the identities of several dozen unregistered victims of the Jasenovac camp.

„Czarna, ogromna chmura wisi nad nami i na pewno spadnie…” Żydzi w miastach i miasteczkach Generalnego Gubernatorstwa wobec wiadomości o akcji „Reinhardt”

Author(s): Maria Ferenc Piotrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2017

This article regards the existential experience of Holocaust victims and the psychological and cognitive mechanisms in confrontation with the first news about the functioning of the death camps. It analyzes the testimonies of Jews from over 40 towns and small towns in the General Government regarding the gradual influx of news about the Holocaust and the consequent reactions. Initially, the hearsay came mostly from afar, and then from increasingly close localities. The Poles were the source of that (imprecise) information about the lot of the deported Jews, while in certain localities appeared escapees from the death centers who gave accounts of what they had witnessed. That hearsay and those testimonies met with different reactions – from despair, through denial, suppression, and resignation, to attempts to save one’s life. This article devotes special attention to a reflection on the possibility of death of oneself and one’s family as well as the phenomenon of denial and pushing the news about the Holocaust away from oneself.

„Kao da vam je draže da ima što više mrtvih“

Author(s): Vesna Rakić Vodinelić / Language(s): Serbian

Ovako je tehnički ministar zdravlja Zlatibor Lončar odgovorio novinarki Jeleni Obućina na njeno pitanje kako se zamišlja očuvanje poverenja u Krizni štab, posle javno objavljenih podataka njenog člana dr Kona o tome da je u Beogradu do juna meseca bilo tri puta više umrlih od korone nego što je zvanično objavljeno. Ministar, stručnjak za smrt, koji se predstavlja kao prvoborac života uprkos nadimku pod kojim je poznat, nije propustio da podvuče liderstvo Srbije (u svetu, regionu?), njeno visoko mesto u borbi sa pandemijom, ali, razume se, nije otkrio na čemu zasniva ocenu o tom liderstvu – na stvarnim ili fingiranim podacima.

„KRISTALNA NOĆ“ U VRANEŠKOJ DOLINI 1924.

Author(s): Ilija Vujošević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 45-46/2009

Istog dana i mjeseca, samo četrnaest godina prije jezive „Kristalne noći“ u nacističkom Rajhu, dogodio se u noći 9. novembra 1924. u Kraljevini SHS pokolj Muslimana – Bošnjaka u Vraneškoj dolini. „Svaka je smrt kraj jednog svijeta“ velika je mudrost cetinjskog pjesnika Aleksandra – Lesa Ivanovića. Zato je teško bez emocija govoriti o svakoj smrti, a pogotovo nasilnim kakve su bile na stotine one krvave, zločinačke noći u Šahovićima i Pavinom Polju između 9. i 10. novembra prije 85 godina. I u ovoj, kao i u svim sličnim prilikama, pijetet prema nevinim žrtvama nagoni na molitvu, ćutanje i stid. Molitvu za mir i pokoj njihovih duša, a stid što pripadamo vrsti koja se kroz čitavu istoriju krvoločno istrebljuje. Zato, makar i poslije 85 godina, ovaj skup doživljavam kao rekvijem sjenima žrtava tog besudnog vremena crnogorske istorije kojima se moja malenkost duboko klanja.

„Ludzie opowiadali rzeczy potworne o tym, co się tam działo”. Dwa świadectwa Zagłady – Adama Ulricha z Zakrzówka i Stanisława Ż(Rz)emińskiego z Łukowa

Author(s): Alina Skibińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2017

Two accounts of Polish eyewitnesses (Adam Ulrich and Stanisław Żemiński) regarding the fate of Jews and the course of their extermination in two cities of the Lublin district, Zakrzówek and Łuków. The authors sympathize with the victims and, simultaneously with horror, observe the complicity of Polish neighbors in liquidation actions and property looting belonging to the Jews. Both accounts contain many important facts and observations, they are among the most important Polish testimonies of the Holocaust.

„Nasilje među mladima i nasilje u vezama mladih“ – Analiza zakona

Author(s): Bojana Trninić / Language(s): Bosnian

U okviru projekta “Rodno uvjetovano nasilje: Pogledi iz drugog ugla – Nasilje u vezama mladih sprovodi se i ova analiza zakona pod nazivom „Nasilje među mladima i nasilje u vezama mladih“.

„Nekad smo bili komšije”: dinamika odnosa počinilac‒žrtva u Bosni

Author(s): Arne Johan Vetlesen / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Genocid se definira kao zločin par excellence, najgore što čovjek može uraditi drugom čovjeku u smislu prava i morala. I opet, od Aušvica do Kambodže i od Ruande do Srebrenice, od jedne epohe i kulture do druge, počinilac genocida insistira da je njegov cilj pobjeda dobrog nad zlim te da je stoga moral na njegovoj strani. Ono što vanjski svijet može osuditi kao pogrešno i zlo oslikano je kao suprotno, jer radnje koje se moraju poduzeti da bi se osiguralo ono što je istinski vrijedno nadjačat će sve ono što mu prijeti. Ubijanje je predstavljeno kao legitimna samoodbrana, te želja da se u tome ne učestvuje kao moralni pad, izdaja grupe kojoj pripada i čija je budućnost u pitanju. [...]

„Ще си затворя очите и ще опитам“ (бедността като фактор за въвличането в трафик на хора)

Author(s): Alexey Pamporov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The current article discusses the research outcomes of series case studies on pre-identification of trafficking in human beings in segregated ethnic quarters in seven settlements in Bulgaria. The research methodology bases on mixed methods approach of randomized samples among households with extensive migratory experience abroad and focused group discussions with such a migrants, grounded on gender-sensitive vignette questions. Based on the quantitative dimension the economic deprivation and poverty are illustrated. Base on the quantitative finding a typology of involvement is build, considering sham marriages of single mothers (after child marriage); commercial sex services of married women forced by their husbands or within the extended family; informal commercial sex services of male heads of households; and baby-trade in the large families.

Људске и материјалне жртве Србије у Првом светском рату (12. јул 1914 – 1. јул 1916)

Author(s): Momčilo Isić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2014

In the report of the Ministry of armed forces from December 1917 drafted as a respond to Serbia's Prime Minister Nikola Pašić request from September 1916, a list of Serbian human and material causalities have been presented. Fom 12 July 1914 (first day of mobilization) till 1 July 1916 (last day of Serbian troops reorganization on Salonica front) Serbian army suffered losses of 323.634 killed in action – as much as 45,75% of all mobilized man, while some 231.881 remained in captivity. Overall war damage in material and live stock counted 933.339.115,56 dinars while in direct damage (in cash) it ammounted 519.394.246,06 Serbian dinars.

Хулигански подбуди като особен, субективен признак на състава на престъплението

Author(s): Sokol Nedkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2011

The present work, dealing with the criminal-law problem related to hooliganism, requires the consideration of different concepts and institutes of criminal law. Starting from the notion of "crime composition", which is a sign of hooliganism, we will go through the "subjective elements beyond the guilt" that the hooligan motivation becomes under certain circumstances. We will, of course, focus on the "hooligan motives" themselves as a sign of the subjective side of some crime groups, including the hooligan motive. It seems to me insufficient to confine myself to the theory of criminal law in its pure form with regard to hooliganism, which is why I will analyze and include the moderate and criminological view of the problem as it explains the roots of the hooliganistic motives as a sign of the subjective side of the offense refer to the psychic experiences of the perpetrator. In this connection, the issues concerning the so-called " "Internal mechanism of the act". I will look at the proposed concepts and institutes in the context of the given topic, defining their content in the present work as mandatory, in order to reveal and analyze the main issues on the issue.The present work, dealing with the criminal-law problem related to hooliganism, requires the consideration of different concepts and institutes of criminal law. Starting from the notion of "crime composition", which is a sign of hooliganism, we will go through the "subjective elements beyond the guilt" that the hooligan motivation becomes under certain circumstances. We will, of course, focus on the "hooligan motives" themselves as a sign of the subjective side of some crime groups, including the hooligan motive. In this connection, the issues concerning the so-called " "Internal mechanism of the act". I will look at the proposed concepts and institutes in the context of the given topic, defining their content in the present work as mandatory, in order to reveal and analyze the main issues on the issue.

Црно-бијела слика пропаганде: Сребреница, 12. април 1993. године

Author(s): Milena Mihaljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2022

Since propaganda is defined as an effort to manipulate other people’s beliefs and behavior, it is clear that the use of propaganda methods was practically inevitable during the war. On the basis of accessible archive materials and relevant literature, this paper analyzes examples of the use of black and white propaganda in the cases of two incidents that happened on April 12, 1993, in Srebrenica. The methods of the mentioned propaganda types, based on the veracity of the information on the one hand, and manipulations on the other, may have a long-term impact on historical memory and historiography. The first example is related to the event in which 11 police officers, members of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Srpska, were killed on April 12, 1993. This event is used to show the cruelty of the enemy soldiers. Without a doubt, it was presented to the public by the white method of propaganda because the newspaper article related to the event did not tend to exaggerate the factual situation. Because of that, as well as because of some obvious shortcomings of the propaganda activities during the state of war, this event was neither covered much by the domestic and foreign press nor mentioned in the reports of the United Nations. On the other hand, a deep mark of black propaganda methods can be seen when it comes to an event related to shelling a school playground in the urban part of the municipality of Srebrenica. Regarding this event that took place on April 12, 1993, we came across the official reports of the United Nations, which, intentionally or unintentionally, served as a platform for reporting on the number of victims in the foreign media (Independent, The Times, El Pais, The New York Times, The Washington Post). By analyzing those reports and newspaper articles, we came across certain inconsistencies about the number of victims on the playground itself. The so-called Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s reports, which were made immediately after the aforementioned newspaper reports were released, and in which the information regarding the number of victims was modified to correspond to the information that had already been presented to the general public, testify that, in the case at hand, conventional methods of black propaganda were used. Attention was also paid to the results of the long-term propaganda activity, so concrete examples were given that show how the paradigm created by black propaganda methods has become an integral part of the historical memory of the Bosniak people and how it was engraved in historiography. To confirm that this is a case of a paradigm, the author used the archive materials and relevant literature listed in this paper and found that 14 people died in the shelling of the school playground in the Srebrenica city center. The shelling of a wider part of the municipality and all the war actions, which were indisputable, could have resulted in the death of 18 more persons, not including the location of the playground.

Щадяща процедура при разпит на деца

Author(s): Fahredin Faredin Mollamehmed / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2018

The article focuses on the legal framework and its mechanisms for control of law enforcement and prevention of crimes, committed by children. Presented is the sparing procedure for interrogation of a child in a specialized room – the so-called “Blue Room”. It is not easy to be a child who will be questioned, neither to be the specialist who will apply the procedure. A beautiful and cozy place is the right place to interrogate and to ensure achieving better results.

Юридически механизми за защита на пострадалите от домашно насилие

Author(s): Ralitsa Kostadinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2008

Domestic violence is a serious violation of fundamental human rights. That is why this problem has been engaging the world public for many years. In Europe, the problem of victims of domestic violence is widely discussed. On 25 November 2005, the Standing Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) endorsed the European campaign against violence against women, to be launched by the Council of Europe in 2006-2007.

Як стають жертвами злочинів

Author(s): B. M. Golovkin / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 136/2017

Victimization from crime – a higher degree of social vulnerability criminal, contributing to the commission of crimes against them in certain circumstances. Victimization takes place in space and time, and includes four stages: 1) the emergence of criminal threats; 2) increasing the degree of social vulnerability to criminal assault; 3) the harm to individuals who find themselves in a vulnerable state at appropriate conditions (situations); 4) increase the number of victims of crimes as registered and latent, which helps re-victimization of some of them.As a result of our Internet survey of more than 3002 people (2015) defined the proportion of citizens who every year are victims of crime. By 2015 it is 37 %. However, one in seven respondents already had experience of victimization before. In our view, there is a threshold of permissible viktymizovanosti population not exceeding 40 % and is independent of the level of crime in a calendar year or an. Typically, victims of crime every year are new faces. Re-victimization experiences 15 % of citizens.The risk of becoming a victim of crime depends on the accuracy and timeliness of recognition of sources and types of criminal threats. Showed a rather stereotypical ideas of the criminal threat and showed a disorientation in identifying their sources. The last mentioned some time. Traditionally people cautious attitude to strangers, suspicious issued and may bear criminal intent (62 %); alarming stay at poorly attended locations in the dark (67 %) and likelihood of falling into unpredictable situations (44 %). Only 15% of respondents sees the source of victimization in their own dangerous behavior.While the public understanding of the sources of victimization are largely abstract and false character. So, to our knowledge, most people are afraid of violent crime (64 %), but actually experiencing mercenary crimes (60 %). In the context of what has been said quite expected the place called criminal threat. Among these markedly dominated the streets and other public places (64 %), as well as markets, train stations, shopping centers (18 %), places of mass recreation of citizens (10 %). This is the open area with free access unspecified persons, where the bulk of accidental contact with strangers. However, most protected from criminal attacks citizens feel in their own homes and at work. In light of the deterioration of situation of the massive spread of thefts from homes and other buildings, these opinions seem questionable.So, inability to timely and correctly identify the sources and types of criminal threats significantly increases the vulnerability of more than 60 % of citizens before the criminal assault, demonstrating their inability to avoid dangerous situations and unwillingness to protect themselves from crime. As a result, victims of crime every year becomes more and more new people who create their behavior or get into criminogenic situation.The study refutes strict correlation between compliance with the rules of personal safety and likely incur criminal assault. Thus, 42 % of respondents stated categorically safeguard measures against crime, 41 % – mainly follow these rules. Only 17 % reported disregard of safety rules. This trend indicates a lack of clear understanding of the citizens of the sources and types of criminal threats. On them is only a general idea. In the population there is a perception that victimization behavior should be sure to wear obvious and provocative character, being understood by the general public. So when people so-called «moderate risk» – is considered the norm, few people are alarming.During the survey of victimological studied of citizens the issue of criteria for which offenders choose victims of crime. Among these victims are called: coincidence – 27 %; inattention in public places – 25 %; living in criminogenic areas – 11.3 %; obvious signs of provocative behavior (excessive trust in strangers, stay drunk, demonstration of plenty) – 24.1 %. Most by illustration demonstrates attitudes to crime victims and their participation in decision-criminal decisions, answer questions about their victims feeling of «guilt». Just over half of respondents (56 %) consider themselves guilty also. However, 44% expressed the opposite judgment.Despite the established share of citizens who every year are victims of crime, observed some increase in their activity of applicants. Previously (in 2012) to law enforcement agencies only every third approached the victim from criminal attacks, in 2015 the share of applicants has risen to 50 %. This is the general trend of more active public appeal to the law enforcement and judicial bodies for redress and compensation for damage. At the same time, in applicant activity of victims is positively affects new procedural order of registration of citizens. Given these arguments, assuming latent reduce crime in the country as a whole.Reasons not appeal to the law enforcement agencies have traditionally called the famous triad: disbelief in the effectiveness of their work (50% of respondents), minor material damage caused by crime (44 %), and lack of serious harm to the health of victims (33 %). First answer more emotional than rational. It appears the low level of trust in public authorities in general and law enforcement in particular. The passivity of applicants actually explains the reluctance to deal with bureaucracy ineffective law enforcement, lack of time to participate in the official investigation and the trial, and for fear of public censure.In our view, there are two common scenarios of victimization. The first – improper perceptions associated with known to locals criminal threats and reluctance to respond to them appropriately.The second scenario victimization associated with temporary disorientation in space and time with the reach to new locations in unfamiliar situation, as well as a chance meeting with dangerous people.Consequently, victims of crime usually are two categories of people. On the one hand, a poorly adapted to modern living conditions of individuals who primarily guided by intuitive thinking in identifying criminal threats and choosing the behavior strategies in social interaction with other participants of public relations. They show an increased vulnerability to criminal assault and psychological readiness to accept the role of victim.The second category of people is guided by rational thinking that basically allows you to properly navigate in the sources and types of criminal threats and largely avoid dangerous situations. Their vulnerability to criminal assault is temporary and related to the time and place of residence.