Informační technologie – prostor pro ženy

Author(s): Alexandra Jachanová Doleželová,Kateřina Fialová,Leona Hozová,Jana Konečná,Markéta Kristová,Linda Sokačová,Marek Tichý,Anna Valouchová,Lenka Zemanová / Language(s): Czech

Vážené čtenářky, vážení čtenáři, v rukou právě držíte jednu z prvních publikací o informačních a komunikačních technologiích (ICT) a ženách v České republice, kterou pro Vás společně připravily Gender Studies, o.p.s. a Síť mateřských center. Najdete v ní informace o tom, co vlastně ICT jsou a proč jsou v současnosti skloňovány ve všech pádech. Představíme Vám také jejich využívání v praxi neziskových organizací i fi rem. ICT totiž velkou měrou přispívají ke slaďování osobního a pracovního života – právě ony umožňují pracovat z domova a přitom zůstat v úzkém kontaktu s kolegy a kolegyněmi v práci a předávat všechny potřebné informace a dokončené úkoly včas. Počítač a internet také otevřely nový prostor pro rozvoj podnikání. Určitě jste si již někdy vybrali a objednali zboží v internetovém obchodě. Je to levnější a pohodlné. Pohodlné může být i vaše podnikání po internetu – pracujete z domova a volíte si pracovní dobu podle vlastních potřeb. I na toto téma se zaměřuje jedna z kapitol publikace: navíc Vám přináší základní informace o evropských strukturálních fondech, odkud můžete získat fi nanční zdroje pro podnikání. Věřím, že Vás publikace zaujme a naleznete v ní nové pohledy na trh práce a podnikání v České republice.

Co je ICT?

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Bezpečnost a ochrana soukromí při práci s PC a internetem

Author(s): Marek Tichý / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

VIRTUAL RUSSIAN WORLD IN THE BALTICS: PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF ONLINE BEHAVIOR AND IDEOLOGICAL CONTENT AMONG RUSSIAN-SPEAKING SOCIAL MEDIA USERS IN THE BALTIC STATES

Author(s): Dmitri Teperik,Grigori Senkiv,Giorgio Bertolin,Kateryna Kononova,Anton Dek / Language(s): English

More than one in four people in the world have online social network accounts; Facebook (FB) alone has over two billion users, and the site is by some estimates the second-most popular in the world after Google. By comparison, VK, the largest Russian social network on the European continent, has more than 460 million registered user profiles and ranks 10th most popular in the world. Even a regional, largely Russian-speaking network Odnoklassniki [literally “Classmates”] can boast some 330 million users and the 27th place worldwide. There is more and more evidence that Russia has been conducting a long-term campaign aimed at a Western audience which includes both so-called soft power tools as well as more active measures. Social networks emerged as active channels through which Russia actively spreads a toxic mix of disinformation and propaganda. Russia views the Baltic states—and their Russian-speaking populations—as key target groups that can be used as focal points for efforts to spread a disruptive influence, reshape political and popular opinion, and reinforce misleading or false images and narratives. The main objective of the current analysis is the study of the demographic, public posts, and behavior patterns of Russian-speaking users of VK, OK, and FB in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The analysis achieves this by evaluating the general characteristics of its chosen statistical sample of the target audience; analyzing the public profiles and posts of social network users in the target regions; describing the public profiles of users who create, distribute, and consume ideological content; describing the typical online behavior of ideological active users; investigating the structure of the relationships between ideological active users and ideological groups, and examining the rhetoric used in posts while researching thematic associations related to ideological content. A variety of analytical methods were used, including information search algorithms, data visualization, applied linguistics tools, structural network analysis, elements of expert systems theory, trend and opinion analysis, neural networks, and machine learning. Profiles and public Russian-language posts/comments in the three social media networks in the Baltic states served as the analysis sample, with a geographical focal points being the areas in the three states that comprise large Russian-speaking population: the cities of Tallinn, Maardu and Paldiski as well as Ida-Viru county in Estonia; the cities of Riga, Jūrmala, Jelgava and Liepāja as well as the Latgale region in Latvia; the cities of Vilnius, Visaginas, Klaipėda, Kaunas, Šiauliai as well as Šalčininkai and Vilnius districts in Lithuania. Textual analysis, conducted during the period from January 2013 to May 2017, focused on eleven macro topics such as the USSR, World War II, Russia, West, Ukraine, non-citizens, defense forces, Allies, hostile influence, etc., each of which contained a number of carefully chosen keywords. Analysis revealed presence of a relatively small but significant proportion of active ideological users in every network in each of the Baltic states—the ones who primarily create, support, and disseminate pro-Russian rhetoric, exploiting the increasingly well-developed connections among users as well as the growth in the number of public groups featuring ideological content. The analysis in this study shows that 10% of Russian speaking social network users (identified as real people rather than bots) generate 70% of the ideological information found on those networks. Many events taking place offline are used as pretexts to push certain topics into public discussion, making use of dramatic language. Particular attention is paid to topics related to the Second World War, the USSR, present-day Russia, and anti-Western sentiment. Russian-speaking sectors of social networks in the Baltic states are thus widely used both to continue Russia’s information activities against EU and NATO member countries while cementing its own positive image among the Russian-speaking population of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Analysis also revealed clusters of clearly active and interconnected ideological users, each of which specializes in the creation (Writers), distribution (Distributors), or consumption (Readers) of ideological information. In addition, there is a significant number of members of “active reserve”, from which the ranks of the above clusters are replenished. It seems that users who create ideological content on a wide range of macro topics do not give any preference to any particular topic; consequently they have no personal desire to promote certain political values or views, which indicates that they might be motivated by non-ideological factors—perhaps even those that are material in nature. Nonetheless, there is a significant—and growing— number of Russian-speaking social media groups and communities in the three networks members of which are based in the Baltic states and which exhibit pro-Kremlin, pro-Russia and anti-Western orientations. They serve as sources of ideological posts that are widely disseminated by active users who capitalize on their connectivity and visibility among the Russian-speaking users of VK, OK and FB in the Baltics.

GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO MALICIOUS USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA

Author(s): Samantha Bradshaw,Lisa-Maria Neudert,Philip N. Howard / Language(s): English

The manipulation of public opinion regarding social media during critical moments of political life has emerged as a pressing policy concern. During the 2016 Presidential Election in the United States and the Brexit Referendum in the United Kingdom reports about the malicious use of social media and the exploitation of personal data for political gain rose to global prominence, prompting legal and regulatory intervention by governments around the world. But the use of social media to undermine democracy has long been a concern for NATO and the European security community.

TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MALICIOUS USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA

Author(s): Jakob Willemo / Language(s): English

The malicious use of social media is a widespread phenomenon, targeting individuals, public opinion, and in some cases even the functioning of the state. In recent years, social media platforms have been abused by foreign governments, private companies, and individuals to influence the outcomes of democratic elections and to undermine public trust in the societies in which we live. Today, social media platforms are manipulated by malign actors in order to pursue their political and military goals. In other words, social media platforms have developed into an effective tool for waging information warfare. Although information warfare is nothing new, social media platforms offer a cheaper, more efficient, and less demanding stage for influencing larger numbers of people than ever before. While the social media platforms are conduits facilitating the free passage of information, the companies that own them are active participants wielding significant influence over what takes place in the social media space and, increasingly, over how we communicate, interact, and socialise in the 21st century.

Przemysł 4.0. Nowa polityka przemysłowa Niemiec

Author(s): Konrad Popławski,Rafał Bajczuk / Language(s): Polish

Czwarta rewolucja przemysłowa charakteryzuje się szerokim wykorzystaniem Internetu oraz komputeryzacją i robotyzacją wszystkich sfer gospodarki. Jej symbolem są smartfony i samochody elektryczne, ale w niedalekiej przyszłości będziemy świadkami funkcjonowania inteligentnych miast (smart cities), inteligentnych sieci energetycznych (smart grids) czy fabryk (smart factories). Dzisiejszy przemysł zmienia się w bezprecedensowym tempie. Wcześniejsze rewolucje przemysłowe, czyli zasadnicze zmiany w sposobie produkcji i komunikacji, przebiegały znacznie wolniej niż te, które obserwujemy obecnie. Pierwsza rewolucja przemysłowa wykorzystywała węgiel i parę wodną do mechanizacji produkcji i transportu. Druga upowszechniła produkcję masową przy użyciu energii elektrycznej i silnika spalinowego. Trzecia rewolucja – cyfrowa, która zaczęła się w połowie ubiegłego stulecia, zautomatyzowała produkcję przemysłową i zglobalizowała komunikację. Niemiecka gospodarka, która osiągnęła bardzo wysoki poziom zaawansowania w branżach pierwszej i drugiej rewolucji przemysłowej – w przemyśle ciężkim, elektronice, motoryzacji – nie skorzystała w tak znacznym stopniu na rewolucji cyfrowej.

Nová média v politické komunikaci: Politici, občané a online sociální sítě

Author(s): Alena Macková / Language(s): Czech

This book, along with an overview of state of knowledge on the role in new media in political communication, delivers an insight into Czech context, focusing on political uses of new media by Czech politicians and Czech citizens during period 2013-2015. The book is situated in the field of political communication, combining approach of political sciences, media studies and sociology. The general question underlying a series of four particular empirical studies conducted in 2013-2015 is how did the Czech politicians and citizens use new media (and social networking sites especially) in political communication, who were the users of these media, how did they use it and what for.

Internet jako narzędzie polityki Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej

Author(s): Marcin Przychodniak / Language(s): Polish

Władze Chin traktują Internet jako przestrzeń rywalizacji międzynarodowej. Uważają, że wspierany przez UE i USA swobodny dostęp do informacji w globalnej sieci zagraża stabilności ich systemu politycznego. Zacieśniają więc kontrolę Internetu w swoim państwie, dążąc do ograniczenia przepływu informacji. Za element wzmacniania pozycji ChRL w cyberprzestrzeni uważają także ekspansję gospodarczą chińskich firm z sektora IT za granicą. Inicjują również – konkurencyjny wobec UE i USA – projekt międzynarodowego kodeksu bezpieczeństwa informacyjnego. Działania Chin stoją w sprzeczności z promowaną przez UE otwartością globalnej sieci oraz wolnością gospodarczą.

Ku większej kontroli mediów internetowych: niemieckie wnioski po kampanii prezydenckiej w USA

Author(s): Miłosława Fijałkowska / Language(s): Polish

Przebieg wyborów prezydenckich w Stanach Zjednoczonych pokazał, że walka o głosy wyborców prowadzona za pomocą mediów społecznościowych umożliwia szybsze rozprzestrzenianie fałszywych informacji, propagandy i dezinformacji. W zbliżającej się kampanii wyborczej w Niemczech może wystąpić podobny scenariusz. By temu zapobiec, rząd niemiecki zamierza podjąć działania prewencyjne, jednak wobec nowych form internetowego zagrożenia mogą się one okazać niewystarczające.

Synthisophy - Integrating the Wisdoms of History into Present Culture

Author(s): Andre Houle / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper is an introduction to synthisophy: roots, mission, description and conclusion;

Online Influence and Hostile Narratives in Eastern Asia

Author(s): Hannah Smith / Language(s): English

Eastern Asia — which we will define as including East and Southeast Asia — is a region of increasing geopolitical competition with many racial, cultural and societal fractures. With the rapid expansion of inexpensive internet access, these fractures and tensions mean that many states in the region are both vulnerable to, and a source of, hostile information activities that are being used to achieve strategic goals both inside and outside the region. This report documents examples of hostile information activities that have originated in Eastern Asia and have been targeted in the following countries: • Taiwan; • The Hong Kong-based protest movement; • West Papua; • The Philippines.

Medijska i informacijska pismenost: istraživanje i razvoj

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Veliko je zadovoljstvo predstaviti javnosti, zainteresiranoj za medijsku i informacijsku pismenost, ovu publikaciju koja je rezultat višegodišnjih napora, sadržanih u naučnoistraživačkom radu, razvoju modela, metoda, tehnika, taktika, operativnih procedura i strateškog pristupa. Osnova je bila razvoj akademske izvrsnosti u susretima različitih naučnih disciplina, sučeljavanjima epistemoloških svjetonazora i predanom sondiranju globalnih trendova s fokusom na bosanskohercegovačko društvo i obrazovne sisteme sa ciljem pronalaženja teoretskih, ali i praktičnih rješenja za izazove koje je digitalna transformacija društva nametnula. U ovim procesima učestvovao je veliki broj kolegica i kolega kojima dugujem zahvalnost, jer bez njih dosadašnji rezultati ne bi bili mogući. Suština je bila da rezultati ponude izvodiv i održiv način integracije medijske i informacijske pismenosti, kao očigledan pristup, a, ipak, rijetko zastupljen. Prije formalnog početka projektnih aktivnosti, ali i tokom njih u posljednje četiri godine, okosnica razvoja ideja bili su brojni sati inspirativnih akademskih, naučnih i istraživačkih razgovora s kolegom Marijom Hibertom. To je rezultiralo neophodnim i transformativnim interdisciplinarnim razumijevanjem medijske i informacijske pismenosti i rješavanjem izazova koji su bili pred nama.

IV. Uloga medija u promociji medijske i informacijske pismenosti

Author(s): Amer Džihana / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Given that the term “media and information literacy” itself includes media, the logical question is whether the media should play a role in promoting media and information literacy? Is it in line with their mission and is it in the media interest? The answer to this question is affirmative, and in this chapter we are presenting arguments that connect media freedoms with certain social obligations, which includes the promotion of media and information literacy, and we argue why the media should be active in this domain.

VI. Prilozi

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U prilogu: 1) Deklaracija o značaju medijske i informacijske pismenosti u Bosni i Hercegovini 2) Pozicijska studija o politikama i strategijama medijske i informacijske pismenosti u Bosni i Hercegovini 3) Radionice medijske i informacijske pismenosti

Communicating Defence in Slovakia and the Czech Republic: Mapping Actors and Narratives online

Author(s): Martin Brezina,Peter Dubóczi,Matej Kandrík,Veronika Krátka Špalková,Tomáš Kriššák / Language(s): English

Slovakia has a much larger number of anti- Western actors communicating defence themes than the Czech Republic. There is a significantly higher penetration of anti-Western and pro-Russian narratives in Slovakia than in the Czech Republic. Slovak anti-Western actors are the best-performing group in our study. They consistently gain significantly more reactions, shares and comments than pro-Western actors in Slovakia or any actor in the Czech Republic. The Czech information space is predominantly negative towards Russia, the Slovak towards the West. Most posts in the Slovak infosphere were anti-Western in their geopolitical sentiment. The Czech infosphere was different in that most posts with negative sentiment were about Russia. The Slovak infosphere is much more clustered than the Czech infosphere. This is because of the stronger anti-Western leaning of Slovakia and because Slovak actors are more effective in communicating defence themes than their Czech counterparts. NATO was a significantly bigger topic in Slovakia than in the Czech Republic. While in the Slovak dataset there were almost 600 posts concerning NATO, there were less than 400 in the Czech Republic. But both countries had slightly prevailing negative geopolitical sentiment towards NATO. Following Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, the war dominated public discourse for most of 2022. Consequently, the majority of the content collected for this research concerned the war in Ukraine. Other prominent defence-related topics included military cooperation (training and weapons deliveries) and NATO, but even these topics were most often mentioned in the context of the war in Ukraine.

Digitisation in Romania accelerates during the pandemic

Author(s): Kamil Całus / Language(s): English

Romania stands out as having one of the EU’s least developed systems of online public services, which contrasts with its extensive telecommunications infrastructure offering very fast and cheap access to the network. This is due both to the policy of the governments, which until 2019 did not show much interest in the digitisation process of the country or failed to propose a comprehensive programme for its implementation, and to the resistance of the public, who were distrustful of the e-government solutions offered. However, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a breakthrough: on one hand, it spurred the authorities to introduce legal changes and deploy new technological solutions that had hitherto been postponed, and on the other, it forced Romanian society to use public digital services.

Poufność a użyteczność informacji statystycznych. Dylematy ochrony udostępnianych danych

Author(s): Andrzej Młodak,Michał Pietrzak,Tomasz Klimanek,Tomasz Józefowski,Paweł Lańduch / Language(s): Polish

Monografię otwiera omówienie ogólnych koncepcji kontroli ujawniania danych (ang. Statistical Disclosure Control, SDC) oraz definicji z tym związanych, a także regulacji prawnych dotyczących ochrony danych wrażliwych stosowanych w różnych krajach, również w Polsce. Zaprezentowano tutaj także najważniejsze typy udostępnianych danych wynikowych oraz rolę metadanych, paradanych, a także danych dodatkowych w SDC. Drugim ważnym poruszanym tematem jest istota i ważność ryzyka ujawnienia informacji wrażliwych oraz ocena jego poziomu. Ukazano tutaj także odmienności występujące w tym zakresie między mikrodanymi a danymi zagregowanymi w postaci tablic częstości i wielkości czy wyników analiz. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono z kolei szczegółowej charakterystyce metod i technik kontroli ujawniania danych wynikowych w przedstawionych powyżej trzech typach. Wskazano ponadto na zagrożenia dla poufności danych, mogące wystąpić w publikowaniu statystyk opisowych, ilustracji i wyników analiz w opracowaniach statystycznych oraz sposoby przeciwdziałania możliwościom odtworzenia danych wrażliwych. W toku dalszych rozważań autorzy scharakteryzowali istotę problemu straty informacji oraz najistotniejsze rodzaje miar oceny owej straty, z pewnymi oryginalnymi propozycjami, a także wpływ straty informacji na jakość estymacji dokonywanej w oparciu o dane poddane SDC. Czytelnik znajdzie w monografii szczegółowe omówienie – wraz ze stosowną egzemplifikacją – narzędzi informatycznych stosowanych w SDC, przede wszystkim programów T–Argus i µ–Argus oraz pakietów środowiska R: sdcTable i sdcMicro. Następnie uwaga została skoncentrowana na organizacji kontroli dostępu do danych i zasadach jej realizacji. W szczególności scharakteryzowano typy udostępnianych mikrodanych, sposobu organizacji funkcjonowania punktów dostępu oraz stosownych zabezpieczeń, przebieg efektywnej kontroli dostępu i zakres odpowiednich uprawnień. Całość wieńczy podsumowanie, w którym wskazano najistotniejsze konkluzje oraz postulaty dotyczące stosowania SDC. Dla wygody czytelnika na końcu opracowania zamieszczono słownik występujących w nim pojęć. Z uwagi na uniwersalność zagadnienia publikacja została opracowana tak, aby mogła służyć metodologom projektującym badania statystyczne oraz odpowiedzialnym za ich jakość i bezpieczeństwo zgromadzonych w ich wyniku informacji. Stąd duży wybór przykładów i praktycznych omówień przedstawianych zagadnień, które pozwalają lepiej zrozumieć przekazywane treści. Monografia ma obszerne angielskie streszczenie.

Selected Papers from the 13th International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technology and Statistics in Economy and Education (ICAICTSEE - 2023), December 15-16th, 2023, UNWE, Sofia, Bulgaria

Author(s): / Language(s): English

On December 15 and 16, 2023, the 13th International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technology and Statistics in Economy and Education was held, organized by the Department of "Informatics" at the University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria. During the conference, the results of the application of ICT in various fields of economy, education and related fields of scientific knowledge were presented, and some advanced and emerging research trends of long-term significance were discussed. The conference was held under the auspices of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP).

Трета национална докторантска конференция по социология : Сборник с доклади

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian

The collection of articles, presented during the Third National Doctoral Conference on Sociology at the University of National and World Economy in May 2023, addresses diverse and interdisciplinary topics reflecting the state of contemporary social research in Bulgaria. The volume brings together empirical and theoretical contributions of doctoral students, ranging from the impact of digitalization on political campaigns and labor dynamics in online platforms to explorations of professional autonomy and the symbolic boundaries of public spaces. With a strong focus on empirical methodologies, the collection provides fresh insights into themes such as organisational conflicts, healthcare reforms, transhumanism and civic engagement. Noteworthy are the innovative approaches and critical discussions led by doctoral researchers and established academics, fostering a productive exchange of ideas. This collection not only enriches the sociological discourse in Bulgaria but also has the potential to contribute to the global understanding of social transformations in post-transition contexts.