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Modele rozwoju usług agroturystycznych w polskich Karpatach

Author(s): Malgorzata Bajgier-Kowalska,Mariola Tracz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2019

The Carpathians are a good example of a region where agritourism is a popular form of non-agricultural economic activity in rural areas. Agritourism farms are an important part of the tourist accommodation in the region. Factors that tend to favor the development of agritourism in the Carpathians include the diversity of natural and environmental assets in the region, predominance of small farms, and the increasing popularity of alternative forms of tourism. The purpose of the study was to show different paths of development of agritourism in the Polish Carpathians. The research results are based on a review of the literature, survey and fieldwork study. A few areas with a larger number of agritourism farms were identified for the Carpathian region. There are mostly communes found close to the Tatra Mountains, national parks and landscape parks in the Beskid Mountains and the Carpathian Foothills, and in the vicinity of large cities. Agritourism offering of the Carpathian region is quite diverse and related to environmental and cultural settings, as well as the quality of local tourist infrastructure and tourism-related traditions in the area. Four models of agritourist farm development were identified for the Polish Carpathian region. The criteria used to identify these models were associated with the nature of the farm output, details of the offering for tourists and its linkage with the assets of the natural and cultural environment in the given area, and the intensity of tourist traffic in the region and its effects on the functioning of an agritourist farm.

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Wybrane kierunki i aspekty przemian funkcjonalnych terenów przemysłowych we Wrocławiu w latach 1989–2016

Author(s): Dominik Sikorski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

The spatial structure of cities in post-1989 Poland underwent significant transformations. The urban areas that significantly changed their image were industrial areas. Due to their attractive location in the city, they were susceptible to new processes and socio -economic phenomena. As a result of these changes, entities of a function other than production entered the uniform industrial site. The process of functional succession was observed. The aim of the study is to indicate the most important directions and aspects of functional changes of industrial areas in Wroclaw in the years 1989–2016. The article was created on the basis of REGON data analysis (1999, 2004, 2009 and 2016) and field studies. The process of changing the functions of industrial areas has significantly changed most of the city’s production areas, causing morphological and physiognomic changes, as well as functional and social changes. The dynamics of changes in the functions of this type of urban areas are mainly influenced by the specificity of their location (proximity to the city centre, location relative to the main transport routes of the city), type of industrial activity, technical condition of buildings, financial condition of the industrial plant and many other factors. The studied process is often an unplanned transformation with uncontrolled change dynamics.

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Nowe zintegrowane planowanie w kontekście kształtowania i rozwoju terenów przemysłowych i usługowych w regionach metropolitalnych

Author(s): Beata Stelmach-Fita / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

The article concerns qualitative and regional research. It is a voice in the discourse in search of the best “model of integrated planning” (socio -economic and spatial) in Poland, which would be consistent with European Union law and give the fullest opportunity to use the development potential of the metropolitan region. Regional research has been carried out by the author since 2012 and together with the research team in 2016–2017. As part of the case study, the activities undertaken at the Pomeranian Regional Planning Office in Gdańsk are presented. Among others, the methods for determining the spatial development principles used in the “Spatial Development Plan for the Gdańsk–Gdynia–Sopot Metropolitan Area 2030” and methods for delimitation of strategic areas for the development of metropolitan functions are described. Also appreciating other observed activities in voivodeship self -governments, integrating spatial planning with development policy, the author has made an attempt to identify the mechanisms of integrated planning that may affect the shaping and development of industrial and service areas. However, in the author’s opinion, without changing the legal system, all these activities will have little impact on effective, proper use of land, including for economic (industrial and service) activities. As the conclusion of the research and recommendations, the author presented the “Model of spatial planning in the integrated system of the country’s development policy” for further discussions.

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Impact of Local Economic Activity Zones on Socio-Economic Development of Rural Areas

Author(s): Bartosz Wojtyra / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

One of the most important concepts in rural geography is the multifunctional development. In this concept, the postulated increase in the number of business entities is to lead to an improvement in the socio-economic situation. One of the ways to achieve multifunctionality may be creating local economic activity zones (LEAZ). They are created to stimulate entrepreneurship in local scale. The main purpose of the work is to determine the impact of local economic activity zones on selected factors describing socio-economic development of rural areas. The following research questions were posed: (1) In the communes after creating LEAZs, were the indicators of socio-economic development higher than the average in rural areas of voivodeship? (2) In the communes where LEAZs exist, were the indicators of socio-economic development higher within five years after the creation of LEAZs than before? (3) In the urban-rural communes where LEAZs work, were the effects more significant in the rural areas or in the city? In the research procedure, the index of average annual dynamics (the rate of change) and the Mann Whitney U test test were used primarily. The analysis shows that the average values of the dynamics in change indicators in the areas where LEAZ operates are higher or comparable with the average value for the rural areas. The study diagnosed the beneficial effect of the presence of large business entities in the LEAZ on employment growth in rural areas.

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The role of the manufacturing industry in shaping the economic base and functions of urban settlements in Łódzkie Voivodeship (Poland)

Author(s): Jacek May,Krzysztof Wiedermann,Przemysław Śleszyński / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

This research deals with the presence and potential of the manufacturing industry in the urban settlements of Łódzkie Voivodeship. Its cognitive goal is to recognise the present share of industry in the economic and functional base of those settlements that, as a result of the system transformation, underwent restructuring and deindustrialisation, and the shrinking of its economic base. The re-development of this base and functions, appropriate to the role of towns and cities in the settlement system, requires new paths and indicating them is the application objective of the research. The work is based on the theory of the economic base of settlements, using statistical and cartographic methods including 'heat maps' as well as 'employment surplus' and the Amemiya indicator. Studies have shown that both economic and industrial potential are concentrated in the urban settlements of the Łódź agglomeration but decrease especially towards the south and south-east, and that traditional sectors still dominate. Despite intensive deindustrialisation, industry still plays a significant role in the economic base and functions of most small and medium towns of the voivode- ship, as well as parts of some large urban settlements. Further economic development, and the role in it of small and medium towns depends on their further industrialisation or re-industrialisation, while of large and medium urban centres - on knowledge-based services.

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Changes in the spatial patterns of industrial innovativeness in Dolnośląskie Voivodeship (Poland) in 2009–2019

Author(s): Paweł Brezdeń,Dominik Sikorski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This article aims to identify changes in the industry’s patterns in innovativeness and show its spatial diversity based on the example of the largest urban centres in Dolnośląskie Voivodeship. An assessment of the level of concentration of industrial activity was used as the basis for identifying these processes. The range of issues used for analysis depended on data availability, especially at the local level. The analysis of industrial activities’ location was carried out based on entities registered in Section C (Manufacturing) of the Polish Classification of Economic Activities. The spatial patterns of industrial innovativeness were presented using the classification of manufacturing according to R&D levels. The research results indicate significant changes between 2009 and 2019 in the spatial patterns for both the voivodeship and its urban areas regarding the industry’s concentration and specialisation. At the same time, this was accompanied by a decrease in industrial production. Dolnośląskie Voivodeship shows a significant spatial diversification in such concentration and specialisation. The patterns identified indicate the growing role of the area surrounding Wrocław as one of intensive infiltration of industrial activities from the main centre. These processes are also found in smaller urban centres of the voivodeship; however, this infiltration is selective.

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Entrepreneurship in Slum Dwellers: Social Inclusion and the ‘Right to a City’

Author(s): Jacek Rudewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

According to UN data, the global urbanisation rate is currently 55%, and in 2050 it is expected to reach 68%. The leading causes of urban population growth are economic development and polarisation, agricultural change, political instability, climate change and population growth. Additionally, in many countries local authorities are unable to provide adequate living conditions for the newcomers. The scale of the phenomenon of informal urbanism and slums has been known for decades and is still high. Slum dwellers face many barriers on their way to improving living conditions and top-down attempts to improve them have proved ineffective, e.g. mass social housing, the fight against crime. The paradigm of treating slum dwellers, however, as low-skilled, demoralised, deprived of all kinds of capital and any sign of entrepreneurship is changing. The paradigm shift in aid to slum dwellers is based on bottom-up stimulation of their entrepreneurial attitudes, social inclusion and activation. The article has two main objectives, the first one – descriptive and cognitive – to develop a background and geographical synthesis of information on the phenomenon of global slum formation based on the most recent data. The second objective is an attempt to demonstrate the legitimacy of changing the approach and activating the entrepreneurship of slum dwellers.

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Mapping the Links: Network Perspectives on Musician Communities of Late Ottoman Istanbul

Author(s): Onur Öner / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2023

The core idea of this paper is to represent the social networks of musicians, which lived in late Ottoman Istanbul. The networked society, as a social term, aims to depict communities in ongoing interactions and hence gives prominence to ties and connections between members of the society in question. To digitally visualize those links, there are innovative devices such as Gephi software. Through various algorithms, the program converts the relational database of musicians and digitally visualizes this database in many different forms. The powerful layouts offer compelling evidence of the channels of musical knowledge that were transmitted from masters to disciples as well as between musicians. Moreover, the visual depiction of musician networks would permit us to interpret the influential, isolated musicians and the interactions between the main and the sub-clusters in the whole network. This paper offers an innovative approach to the musician communities of late Ottoman Istanbul.

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Psychosocial Aspects of Seniors’ Transport Exclusion: Selected Issues

Author(s): Katarzyna Białobrzeska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Social exclusion is a multidimensional phenomenon extending beyond poverty, unemployment, access to various goods and services, but also covering the scope of breakdown of social ties and a sense of isolation as well as dependence on others. This phenomenon affects various social groups, but seniors experience the effects of social exclusion in a special way. This article aims to show how the transport-related social exclusion of seniors influences their psychosocial functioning. The problem of transport-related exclusion in Poland currently affects 13.8 million people living in municipalities where there is no organized public transport. The article tries to answer the question about the extent to which the surveyed seniors experience transportation disadvantage and how the limited access to public transport affects their psychosocial functioning. The obtained results quite clearly indicate that the elderly experience many effects of transport-related exclusion, which has an impact on the quality of their life. The communication exclusion limits their access to health care, which results in decreasing their health. Seniors experience exclusion due to difficult access to public transport, goods and services that affect their life quality. Research shows that seniors feel dependent on others. Restricting contacts with family and friends causes them to feel lonely.

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Constructing Temporary Urban Commons Through Civic Engagement in Bucharest

Author(s): Cristian Borcan / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2022

A largely absent phenomenon from the architectural discourses regarding the city started to take shape in Bucharest’s public spaces during the last 15 years. Part of a larger movement of civic engagement, informal civic groups emerged as a reaction to the continuous disappearance and scarcity of public resources of the city. Claiming a collective right to participate in the production processes of the city, their activism is centred on the belief that the city is a shared resource open to all. The article maps, reviews and assesses the actions of these community groups through the lens of the commons. The commons is defined here as a construct composed of three elements: a material urban resource, a community that uses the resource, and the social processes through which the community sustains the resource. The paper argues that the notion of commons might help understand collective civic actions within the city spaces, and that it can empower urban practices of spatial production based on social innovation and participatory design processes. Combining spatial practice research methodologies with participatory action research, the research is based on the author’s involvement in the phenomenon over the last years, acting from a position of architect-practitioner, researcher, co-organizer, activist and inhabitant. Although small scale and ephemeral, the micro infrastructures of civic engagement can act like test grounds for collective practices, showcasing the results of bottom-up collaborative city making. Architects and spatial planners, through specific skills and knowledges, can have a role to play in these processes.

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POPULATION DYNAMICS, AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AND MUNICIPAL SIZE: A LONG-TERM ANALYSIS

Author(s): Maria Teresa Ciommi,Ilaria Zambon,Luca Salvati / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Under the hypothesis that modifications in municipal boundaries and creation (or suppression) of new administrative units reflect a progressive adjustment toward a more balanced distribution of population over space, the present study investigates the long-term relationship (1928-2012) between urban expansion, population dynamics and municipal area in a growing metropolitan region (Athens, Greece). In expanding regions, municipal size is a key variable outlining the amount and spatial concentration of services and infrastructures, resulting to be functionally related to population density, agglomeration factors, land availability to building and characteristic socioeconomic profiles of local communities. A statistical analysis of the relationship between population density and municipal area provides basic knowledge to policy and planning adjustments toward a more balanced spatial distribution of population and land among the local government units. Descriptive statistics, mapping, correlation analysis and linear regressions were used to assess the evolution of such relationship over a sufficiently long time period. The average municipal area in Athens decreased moderately over time, with a slight increase in spatial heterogeneity. Conversely, the average population density per municipality increased more rapidly, with a considerable reduction in spatial heterogeneity. The observed goodness-of-fit of the linear relationship between population density and municipal area increased significantly over time. The empirical results of our study indicate that municipal size has progressively adjusted to population density across metropolitan areas, determining a more balanced spatial distribution of the resident population, which was consolidated by the recent administrative reform of the local authorities in Greece (the so called ‘Kallikratis’ law). Such conditions represent a base for the informed analysis of the spatial structure of local administrative units and they contribute to the debate on the optimal size of municipalities and other administrative districts with relevant impact on both urban and metropolitan scales of governance.

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“LITTLE VIENNA” OR “EUROPEAN AVANT-GARDE CITY”? BRANDING NARRATIVES IN A ROMANIAN CITY

Author(s): Lucian Vesalon,Remus Crețan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

By connecting the literature on urban development processes in post-socialist cities with debates from the area of place branding, this paper critically examines recent narratives of city branding in Timișoara, Romania. The aim is to investigate one specific case in the reproduction and adaptation of global urban development policies and to examine its relevance for the context of post-socialist urban politics. Our findings indicate a specific circularity between city branding and urban development, which is used to align the city to the regional inter-urban economic competition and to promote it as a space of rapid development. The outcome is a mélange of different narratives, based on disparate histories and representations of the city, which are assembled in ad-hoc and often contradictory branding discourses.

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FROM RELIGIOUS SEGREGATION TO CULTURAL HERITAGE. THE CASE OF THE ARMENIAN COMMUNITY IN BUCHAREST

Author(s): Viorel Mionel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Religious segregation is a process with a very long history, but which has been little analyzed within the Romanian scientific literature. The paper proposes a detailed discussion of how the Armenian community in Bucharest was geographically segregated because of religious reasons by the rest of the Orthodox inhabitants of the city almost five centuries ago. The analysis made by the national and international literature on this subject reveals substantial gaps, with multiple theoretical difficulties in explaining how religious segregation can end up in cultural heritage. Incorporating the urban segregation theory and urban culture, the research proposes an exploratory case study as a conceptual basis for future similar studies. The analyzed data have shown that, in time, due to the expansion of urban space and to certain religious concessions, cities can be the beneficiaries of high-value physical elements with an impact on urban culture, architecture and landscape, all thanks to religious segregation.

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OPEN-SOURCE WEB GIS FRAMEWORK IN MONITORING URBAN LAND USE PLANNING: PARTICIPATORY SOLUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Author(s): Anang Wahyu Sejati,Imam Buchori,Iwan Rudiarto,Christopher F. Silver,Kartiko Sulistyo / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This paper presents a Web GIS application development framework through an open-source software which aims to provide reliable open data services, required for policymaking in urban land use planning. The geodatabase model is comprehensively developed. It displayed a user interface using QGIS, MapServer, and Pmapper, with open source tools with PHP MapScript programming languages and integrated DB-SQL, to generate a complete digital map service with information on urban land use policy. The results of this Web GIS development can be publicly used with spatial databases suitable for public consumption, and as decision support systems for stakeholders, especially in the policy of urban land use planning. Thus, this application can serve as a model for land-use monitoring systems based upon the principle of information disclosure toward smart city and smart governance.

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Tras las evidencias de la transformación morfológica en San Blas: el Beaterio del Carmen y sus aportes

Author(s): Milena Manotupa Gomez / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 12/2022

Beaterio del Carmen was founded in the second half of the 17th century. Its operation was made possible by bequests and donations. Although it functioned throughout the 18th century, its greatest development occurred in the last forty years of the century, when Nicolasa de Christo became the Preposita. During her govern, not only the buildings of the beatrium itself but also the area controlled by the tertiaries expanded significantly. It even came to the closing of public streets inside the property, which ceased to be generally accessible. The presented article shows the urban transformation of the beaterium quarter, the process of attaching individual plots of land from the time of the institution’s foundation to the early 19th century and the formation of ownership of the property complex belonging to the Tertiaries was reconstructed.

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STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN JAPAN’S URBAN SYSTEM FROM 1990 TO 2010

Author(s): Kai Liu,Tamba Sahr Dauda / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

An urban system is a group of cities acting in close cooperation with one other. An examination of the factors of change in an urban system at the national scale remains to be done, given data limitations and research issues (e.g., scale, boundary). This study aims to clarify the spatiotemporal pattern of Japan’s urban system (JUS) and then to elucidate the characteristics of change and the related factors, based on an inter-regional travel survey conducted in Japan from 1990 to 2010, as well as numerous official censuses. The results demonstrate the entire system’s compactness, the dominance of the metropolises and the local system’s bipolarization under the hierarchical structure of JUS, with the establishment of hub cities and the development of infrastructure during the two decades from 1990 to 2010. Finally, this study explains the factors of change with consideration of socio-economic characteristics and inter-regional interaction.

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QUALITY OF LIVING ASSESSMENT IN RURAL ROMANIA. AN ANALYSIS OF SETTLEMENTS WITH LOW ACCESSIBILITY TO MEDICAL SERVICES

Author(s): Vlad Teodor Berbecar,Radu-Matei Cocheci,Andreea Acasandre,Gener Ismail,Gabriel Mircescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Several factors contribute to the lower quality of living of post-communist countries like Romania, such as housing quality, access to basic infrastructure or services including healthcare, and low income and education levels. To evaluate to what extent the quality of living is related to social and economic factors, including access to medical services, a field questionnaire was applied to 703 respondents from 8 settlements located in the South-East of Romania. Using the Principal Component Analysis, four determinants were selected to compute a Quality of Living Index (QoLI): sewage, room surface per dweller, dwelling accessibility and fuel use for cooking. The QoLI computed for each respondent varied between 29.7 and 94.8 with a mean value of 58.5. It was directly related to the level of education and income and with several healthcare parameters. The mean value for each Local Administrative Unit was used to establish a ranking, with the commune of Mihail Kogălniceanu (Constanța county) having the highest average QoLI, and the commune of Brăești (Buzău county) having the lowest average QoLI. The QoLI of investigated settlements was in line with the results reported by other studies that assessed the socio-economic development of towns and it can be used as a tool to establish the level of living conditions and to prioritize the need of intervention.

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SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF CRIME OCCURRENCE IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF IRAN WITH AN EMPHASIS ON SAFETY

Author(s): Sayed Ali Hosseini,Zohreh Hadyani,Hossein Yaghfoori / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Safety is a basic issue in every social system and communities consider safety as one of their main priorities. One of the most important factors that put the safety of various communities at risk is the threats caused by crime occurrence. This paper is aimed to spatially analyze crime occurrence in various regions of Iran with an emphasis on safety. The research method is descriptive-analytical and a documentary and library data collection method is used. In this paper, the Similarity, COPRAS, mean rank method, and cluster analysis method are applied. The final results of the cluster analysis based on the mean rank method indicate a wide gap between the provinces of the country in terms of survey indicators, so that the final coefficient obtained for the provinces in the sixth cluster (the most unsafe group) is about 45 times of the final coefficient of the provinces in the first cluster (the safest group).

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DEFINING AND DEVELOPING A RURALITY INDEX FOR TURKEY

Author(s): Onur Sungur,Merve Kilinç Yilmaz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Correctly defining the term “rural” and determining the rurality level of provinces/regions are very important for effective regional/rural planning. A well-defined and consistent rurality index will be useful in putting forward the current rurality level of regions and in implementing appropriate rural development policies. In this study, a rurality index was developed, and the rurality level was calculated at provincial level in Turkey. As MultiCriteria Decision-Making techniques, Entropy and TOPSIS methods were used in the study. Eighteen variables were used under four sections, which are: (1) demographic, (2) economic, (3) agriculture and livestock activities, and (4) urbanization and infrastructure. Provinces were ranked and divided into five categories according to their rurality level and a rurality map was created for Turkey. It is also expected that the results would be useful for policy makers.

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ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE ON NEIGHBORHOOD LIVABILITY IN CYBERJAYA, MALAYSIA: A GLOBAL TECHNOLOGICAL HUB

Author(s): Foroogh Ali Komak,Nor Azlina Abu Bakar,Faziawati Abdul Aziz,Norsidah Ujang / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The phenomenon of rapid urbanisation that has occurred since the 1950s has presented opportunities for growth and innovation in cities, primarily through the utilisation of urban agglomerations and economies of scale. Urban areas encounter diverse obstacles that restrict their ability to provide services to inhabitants and hinder the achievement of a sustainable urban future for the residents. This research examines the issue of urban functional weakness, with a specific emphasis on the emergence of a global technology hub such as Cyberjaya, Malaysia. This study analyses the relocation behaviours of the residents, with a focus on the international community, and it identifies the inadequate public infrastructure as the primary factor contributing to liveability issues within the urban area. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, utilising both quantitative data collection and in-depth interviews, to support its findings. This study examines the impact of social variables and public infrastructure on neighbourhood liveability and design quality. The findings suggest that social variables play a significant role in neighbourhood liveability, while public infrastructure has a positive effect on both liveability and design quality.

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