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MODERNAUS MIESTO PLĖTRA: SOCIOEKOLOGINĖS KONCEPCIJOS IR JŲ RECEPCIJA ANALIZUOJANT 1870–1914 METŲ VILNIAUS MIESTO STRUKTŪRĄ

Author(s): Darius Žiemelis,Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 41/2018

The aim of this article is to study the socioecological structure of Vilnius during 1870–1914 with the help of ideas derived from the analysis of modern urban development of the Chicago School of Sociology. The rapid industrialization period (mid-19th to early 20th centuries), characterized by an intensive development of modern cities in the Western world (especially in the US) and analyzed by American sociologists (R. Park, E. Burgess, R. D. McKenzie, L. Wirth), is relevant to Lithuanian historians. The cities of Lithuania that belonged to the Russian Empire during the period under investigation also experienced modernization, industrialization and urbanization processes related to it. In Vilnius, as much in the other metropolises of the Russian Empire, these processes were most intense. This article begins with the concepts of modern urban structure in the research of the representatives of the Chicago School of Sociology. We later, in the second part of the paper, present E. Burgess’s Ring-Theory of City Development, which analyzes modern urban development and is here applied to the analysis of the socioecological structure of Vilnius. The novelty of the research can be seen in the selected city ecology approach.

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Sprendimai apie Lietuvos grožį Jeano Mauclère’o knygoje Po blyškiu Lietuvos dangumi

Author(s): Genovaitė Dručkutė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2020

Drawing on the theoretical premises of imagology and geocriticism, the article analyzes the aesthetic experience of the traveler who traverses Lithuanian cities (Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda), walks across small towns, stops over in villages, and makes his way to the seaside. The local aesthetic identity of the newly discovered country, i.e. its beauty and/or loathsomeness, is revealed by the author Jean Mauclère through a few perspectives: on the one hand, it is the beauty of nature, folk and professional art (architectural exteriors and interiors, fine arts, music), the physical type of Lithuanian men and women. This identity, as Mauclère suggests, reveals itself in the contexts of local history, traditions and culture. Although the author seeks to remain objective in his description of his new aesthetic experience in Lithuania, he remains a representative of his own French culture and its traditions nonetheless. On the other hand, he underlines the otherness of the novelty of his experience.

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Gender-based differences in fear of crime in public spaces: An investigation of a safe district in Istanbul

Author(s): Nilgün Çolpan Erkan,Beril Sevin Topçu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Safety is an important issue in large cities. Fear of crime, on the other hand, is an issue independent of actual crime rates, but it is directly related to spatial qualities, affecting people’s feelings of safety. Fear of crime also varies by gender. This study investigates fear of crime in public places in a particularly safe location of a large metropolis. In this context, it focuses on the effects of spatial characteristics on fear of crime and the differences between genders. The study was carried out in one of the safest districts of Istanbul, which women consider safe. In a 2017 survey, 387 male and female participants of varying ages were questioned regarding their fear, when they experienced such fear, and their reasons for fear in public space. According to the results, women felt a certain amount of fear of crime even in a safe district of the city. In addition, gender-based differences concerning fear in public places and the conditions in which fear is felt are significant.

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Razlike v občutenju strahu pred kriminalom na javnih prostorih glede na spol: raziskava varne soseske v Istanbulu

Author(s): Nilgün Çolpan Erkan,Beril Sevin Topçu / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2021

V velikih mestih je varnost pomemben dejavnik. Strah pred kriminalom pa je dejavnik, ki ni odvisen od dejanske stopnje kriminala, ampak je neposredno povezan s kakovostjo prostora, ki vpliva na posameznikov občutek varnosti. Razlikuje se tudi glede na spol. V članku avtorici proučujeta strah pred kriminalom na javnih krajih na varnem območju velike metropole, pri čemer se osredotočata na to, kako na ta strah vplivajo prostorske značilnosti in kakšne so razlike med spoloma. Raziskava je bila leta 2017 izvedena v enem najvarnejših predelov Istanbula, ki ga tudi ženske dojemajo kot varnega. Vključevala je anketo, v kateri je sodelovalo 387 anketirancev in anketirank različnih starosti. Avtorici sta jih spraševali o strahu pred kriminalom na javnih krajih ter kdaj in zakaj ga občutijo. Izsledki so pokazali, da ženske tudi v varni soseski v mestu občutijo nekaj strahu ter da so med moškimi in ženskami pomembne razlike v tem, kako občutijo strah na javnih prostorih in v kakšnih okoliščinah.

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Understanding of the relation between ethnic diversity and public space: A bibliometric analysis

Author(s): Tülay Zıvalı Turhan,Hatice Ayataç / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

In its most obvious form, the mechanism of the “public” – the individuals in a society and their engagement with each other – can be seen in the core of the cities; the public space. Over the years, many scholars from various disciplines have contributed extensive research on this notion. This article provides a constructive analysis of research approaches and methodologies applied to ethnic diversity as a social phenomenon in relation to public space. It examines 1,079 articles published between 1995 and 2020 and included in Web of Science. The bibliometric dataset was manually filtered, and query-based scientometric visualization was produced using CiteSpace software. The article explores how theory is applied, and it outlines current trends, gaps, and common methodological approaches in the literature, which may lead to new insights for further interdisciplinary research. The results show two fundamental clusters in the theoretical conceptualization regarding the subject: a human–place relational approach, which is based on examining urban and social policy, and a human–human relational approach, which focuses on interpersonal interactions and considers public space a facilitator for this social encounter.

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Proučevanje povezave med etnično raznolikostjo in javnim prostorom: bibliometrična analiza

Author(s): Tülay Zıvalı Turhan,Hatice Ayataç / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2021

Mehanizem javnega – tj. posameznikov v družbi in njihovih medsebojnih odnosov – je najbolje razviden iz bistvene prvine mest: javnega prostora. Do zdaj je bilo o tem opravljenih mnogo obsežnih raziskav na najrazličnejših področjih. V članku avtorici predstavita konstruktivno analizo raziskovalnih pristopov in metodologij, uporabljenih pri proučevanju etnične raznolikosti kot družbenega pojava v povezavi z javnim prostorom. Analizirali sta 1.079 raziskovalnih člankov, objavljenih med letoma 1995 in 2020 ter vključenih v informacijski sistem Web of Science. Bibliometrične podatke sta ročno filtrirali, scientometrično vizualizacijo pa sta izdelali v programu CiteSpace. Proučili sta, kako so uporabljene teoretične podlage, ter predstavili trenutne trende, vrzeli in pogoste metodološke pristope v analizirani literaturi, ki lahko prinašajo nova spoznanja, uporabna za nadaljnje multidisciplinarne raziskave. Izsledki njune raziskave razkrivajo dva osnovna načina teoretičnega pojmovanja obravnavane teme: pristop, ki se osredotoča na odnos med človekom in krajem ter temelji na proučevanju urbanistične in socialne politike, ter pristop, ki se osredotoča na odnose med ljudmi ter obravnava javni prostor kot dejavnik, ki te odnose omogoča.

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A city at a turning point

Author(s): Klemen Senica / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Review of: Matjaž Uršič and Heide Imai, Creativity in Tokyo: Revitalizing a mature city, Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore, 2020, 248 pages. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6687-5 Reviewed by: Klemen Senica.

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Mesto na prelomnici

Author(s): Klemen Senica / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2021

Review of: Matjaž Uršič and Heide Imai, Creativity in Tokyo: Revitalizing a mature city, Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore, 2020, 248 pages. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6687-5 Reviewed by: Klemen Senica.

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Public participation in post-communist cities between stagnation and progress: The examples of Zagreb and Ljubljana

Author(s): Anđelina Svirčić Gotovac,Jelena Zlatar Gamberožić,Matej Nikšič / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Public participation in the urban transformation of capital cities is an important factor to consider when assessing the quality of democracy in post-communist countries. This study examines participatory processes in two capital cities, Zagreb (Croatia) and Ljubljana (Slovenia). The cases studied are summarized, and similarities and differences are pointed out using the comparative method (Tabor Park and the BS 7 neighbourhood in Ljubljana, and the Meštrović Pavilion and Savica Park in Zagreb). Findings from 2018 and 2019 showed a rather low level of public participation in Zagreb. In Ljubljana, the level of public participation was higher and the legal basis for it stronger, although there was a certain amount of dependence on political and economic factors. In both cities, public participation in its most direct form was present at the level of NGO and civil initiative activities. Residents’ communication with the city administration was poor and did not facilitate the participation process.

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Sodelovanje javnosti v postsocialističnih mestih med stagnacijo in napredkom: primer Zagreba in Ljubljane

Author(s): Anđelina Svirčić Gotovac,Jelena Zlatar Gamberožić,Matej Nikšič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2021

Sodelovanje javnosti pri urbanistični preobrazbi glavnega mesta je pomemben dejavnik, ki ga je treba upoštevati pri presoji kakovosti demokracije v postsocialističnih državah. V članku avtorji obravnavajo procese sodelovanja javnosti pri taki preobrazbi v dveh postsocialističnih glavnih mestih: v Zagrebu in Ljubljani. Predstavljeni so izsledki izbranih študij primerov v obeh mestih (park Tabor in soseska BS 7 v Ljubljani ter Meštrovićev paviljon in park Savica v Zagrebu), poleg tega so izpostavljene podobnosti in razlike, ugotovljene na podlagi njihove primerjave. Izsledki raziskave iz let 2018 in 2019 kažejo dokaj nizko stopnjo sodelovanja javnosti v Zagrebu. V Ljubljani je bila navedena stopnja višja in tudi pravna podlaga zanjo je bila močnejša, opazna pa je bila delna odvisnost od političnih in gospodarskih dejavnikov. V obeh mestih je bilo sodelovanje javnosti v najbolj neposredni obliki pri aktivnostih nevladnih organizacij in civilnih pobud. Komunikacija med prebivalci in mestno upravo je bila slaba, kar ni spodbudno vplivalo na sodelovanje.

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Spatial accessibility as a driver to build an inclusive and proactive city

Author(s): Elena Marchigiani,Barbara Chiarelli,Ilaria Garofolo / Language(s): English Issue: Supp./2021

Providing the largest number of persons the possibility to actively move and contribute to their own well-being also depends on the spatial accessibility to urban environment. From this perspective, the present article addresses two main questions: to what extent can the physical arrangement of public spaces play a key role in enabling individuals' capabilities to lead a healthy life, and how can accessibility affect urban regeneration. Accessibility is here understood as a fundamental right of citizenship and as a prompt to set the reflection on sensorial/cognitive/motor disabilities within a broader frame, covering many fields of urban agendas: social justice and health, sustainable mobility and Universal Design, and nature-based solutions. COVID-19 distancing measures have further emphasized the importance of these issues, stressing the need to make urban spaces walkable and usable for the most vulnerable citizens. The research Proactive City, developed at the University of Trieste (IT), offers input into this debate. The outcomes of design workshops in the Italian region Friuli Venezia Giulia, as well as of collaboration activities with the Regional Administration, provide technical and methodological recommendations to rethink “accessibility for all”, not as synonymous with special solutions addressed to persons with disabilities but as an overall approach to envisaging any urban transformation and policy.

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Exploring Beirut’s instability through its informal mobility

Author(s): Christine Mady / Language(s): English Issue: Supp./2021

The present article addresses the transformations of Beirut, Lebanon’s public transport system from its establishment in the 1890s until its disruption during the Lebanese civil war of 1975–1989. The civil war left the country with a weak state, weak planning, and ongoing implications including the emergence of informal mobility. Although informal mobility is a global phenomenon, Beirut provides an opportunity for its study in the context of instability, with implications for riders’ spatial experiences. Within the framework of the mobility turn and mobility experiences, the present article explores the impact of the war-time divides on mobility in Beirut and the transition from a system operated under the auspices of the Ministry of Transportation and Public Works to one operated by private entities with politico-sectarian support. The article analyses the contextually embedded informal framework in terms of regulations, operations, negotiations, and Beirut’s road infrastructure. To this end, the methodology comprises literature review, analysis of the available bus map, interviews with the Riders Rights NGO, and observations along selected bus routes. The article the basis for further exploring how the spatial experiences of riders in this informal system are affected by Beirut’s post-war, divided configuration and securitization. The purpose of the article is to establish a basis for further investigating the system’s potential for social integration within Beirut’s fragmented and unstable context.

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Transformation towards sustainability: public space in the city centres of Varaždin and Ivanić-grad

Author(s): Lea Petrović Krajnik,Damir Krajnik,Lea Kunek / Language(s): English Issue: Supp./2021

The aim of the present article is to show how spatial, morphological, and functional transformation of public space contributes to aspects of sustainability. Research methodology encompasses two levels of urban structure consideration. The first level refers to the area of the city centre, and the second level refers to selected public area in the city centre. Criteria and indicators for the evaluation of planned interventions in public spaces were set and divided into topics of traffic, landscape, facilities, and urban equipment. The relationship between the research project results and the principles of sustainability stated in the Basque Declaration was analysed in order to confirm the hypothesis and possible impact of interventions in the context of achieving sustainability and sustainable development on the local level. It can be concluded that planned activities of transformation and contemporary design of public spaces on the local level have multiple positive effects and add to well-being in the wider spatial context of the city, thus also contributing to the global issue of sustainability.

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Re-claiming space for public life: messages from the northwestern periphery of Sofia

Author(s): Milena Tasheva-Petrova,Elena Dimitrova,Angel Burov,Irina Mutafchiiska / Language(s): English Issue: Supp./2021

A case-study based qualitative research on public space and public life in four housing estates in the north-western periphery of Sofia provides the basis for re-thinking urban legacy and the Modernist concept of public interest, once placed in the core of urban planning. The expert estimation of the current physical state and functioning of open public space in the housing estates, initially developed from the 1960s to 1980s, is compared to current inhabitants’ estimations of the potential of public space to respond to their needs and visions regarding its quality. The capacity and limitations of local inhabitants to articulate a common vision of public space in dialogue with experts and authorities are discussed. The authors claim that further urban research is needed to conceptualize present visions for public interest, public life, and public space in the transforming housing estates in Central and Eastern Europe in order to enhance the effectiveness of inclusive planning approaches for urban regeneration.

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La Ville De Tizi-Ouzou: Formes De Croissance et Morphologie Urbaine

Author(s): Amel Djafar,Sala Bouchemal / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2018

A travers le cas de Tizi-Ouzou, nous allons apercevoir l'évolution des stratégies urbaines nationales et locales, ayant présidé le développement urbain des villes en Algérie. De nos jours, la production de l'urbain dans la ville de Tizi Ouzou est largement dominé par les initiatives privées, surtout en matière de logement. Du point de vue morphologique et paysager, l'étude urbaine de Tizi-Ouzou nous permet d'identifier le rôle de chaque acteur (décideurs, usagers) dans le processus de formation urbaine. Ce papier tentera, via une étude diachronique, de retracer le processus de formation et de croissance urbaine de la ville de Tizi-Ouzou. L'intérêt consiste à mettre en évidence les formes et les rythmes d'occupation et de consommation des sols urbains, afin d'identifier le modèle d'urbanisation suivi jusqu'ici, et pour pouvoir éventuellement pronostiquer l'épuisement du foncier urbain.

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Ontolojik Yaklaşımda Mahallenin Fragmanına Sultan Filmi Üzerinden Bakmak

Author(s): Arzu Yılmaz Aslantürk / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Sp. Iss./2021

The Sultan movie made in 1978, which is discussed in this study, offers a sociologically versatile perspective to the crisis of urban modernity and the resistance of its inhabitants with its story that tells the daily life taken by the neighborhood’s pulse in all its reality. In addition to benefit from the discipline of sociology in the analysis of the film, philosophy has been applied to think ontologically on the lives created in the film. The reason for this is that social thought is at the root of the philosophical systems of philosophers and that these thoughts that develop cumulatively form the background of sociology. Therefore, the sociological pathway of the fragment of the neighborhood is questioned by various philosophical views. The relationship between space and society, which forms the fragment of the neighborhood, takes on an ontological structure by feeding into daily life. Thus, human relations, love, affection, and sadness, which constitute ascribed areas of daily life, form the philosophical basis of the slum in the ontological sense. Space is an important element in the theme of Yavuz Turgul films, who can’t remain insensitive to social problems. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the struggle of the slum from the urban rent in the perception of space produced by capitalism, the meaning of the existence of the individual in the chain connected with the neighborhood which is through their sadness, love, joy and struggles to earn a living in the flow of daily life. The theoretical framework that Henry Lefebvre put forward regarding the production of space will be discussed with an ontological approach. Daily life, arabesque, advertising, and neighborhood culture as the urban manifestation of collective consumption are the focus of the study. Also, spatial unity, masculine domination, emotional attachments, and joint interests of the neighborhood’s spaces will be evaluated through the characters represented by the neighborhood.

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SOCIAL SERVICE – COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT AND TOOL FOR SUPPORTING THE PEASANT FAMILY

Author(s): Augustin Poenaru / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The present article aims to analyze in an objective way the Social Service, institution created by the Romanian sociologist Dimitrie Gusti in 1938, from the perspective of the purpose for which it was established, and less from the perspective of the context in which it was born and the political and ideological disputes surrounding it. Also, due to our concerns for the family institution, we intend to identify to what extent Social Service was a rural community development project directed primarily at protecting and supporting peasant family. If the main purpose of the Service was „improving Romanian villages”, it remains to be analyzed to what extent this action targeted the social unity of family and what were the concrete directions of intervention for its protection.

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Glassware Production in Barda

Author(s): Aytən Asadova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

In this article information is given about the glassware of Barda in the early Middle Ages. Glass production is considered as a sample of ancient craftsmanship. It began to develop in the early Middle Ages. Glass crafting has been a delicate craft, and the techniques of making it are varied. There were casting method, blowing method, pressing in the mold methods, etc. The study of glassware production techniques in Barda suggests that in the early Middle Ages, craftsmen in Barda had extensive experience in the production of glassware. They used this experience to make a variety of glassware and utensils. From the first centuries AD, glass cups were used in the life of the population in Caucasian Albania. The cups for drinking wine, liquid, etc on the table indicate a table culture and the use of glass. It should be noted that in ancient and early medieval times, glass was considered more valuable than gold. It was also a sign of wealth. Most of these dishes are also found in Georgia. This was due to the connection between the ancient cities and, most importantly, the location of the city of Barda, the center of Caucasian Albania in the Middle Ages, on the Tbilisi road. This road connected the cities of Azerbaijan with the Black Sea. The glassware which found in Barda reflects the culture of the Middle East and the Mediterranean. However, scientists have proved that these glass jars were local glass jars of Barda. Merchants from northern Azerbaijan, Russia, Iraq, Iran, Tbilisi and others came to Barda, which is considered the center of trade. In Barda, the intensity of domestic and foreign trade in the VII-IX, IX-XIII centuries, the expansion of economic ties, indicates the existence of money circulation here.

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Interdisciplinaritate în cercetarea locuirii urbane în România anilor 1970

Author(s): Mara Mărginean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 60/2021

This article highlights how interdisciplinary scientific cooperation was given political relevance in 1970 s Romania. It looks at a series of domestic legislative measures adopted by the communist leaders and considers ways to place them in conversation with international events. It outlines the steps taken by social scientists in response to the rulers' decisions, highlighting the circumstances that allowed them to strengthen their visibility in the decision-making process to the detriment of architects and urban planners. It concludes by presenting how architects and urban planners understood to reconsider their professional landmarks to respond to new realities. I argue that these professional developments primarily reflected the efficiency of knowledge production and transfer networks, the intellectual tradition of the international communities the Romanian experts were associated with, and the degree of visibility in the socialist state's decision-making process of different professional communities.

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The condensed monography: an introduction note to Anton Golopentia’s paradigmatic contribution to the Bucharest School of Sociology

Author(s): Radu Baltasiu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This paper is envisaging some of the components of the condensed monography paradigm established by Anton Golopenția. The condensed monography („monografia sumară”) represents a consistent contribution to the Bucharest School of Sociology. Its representative expression is 60 Romanian Villages. A Sociological Inquiry supervised by Anton Golopenția and Dr. D.C. Georgescu, a methodological and theoretical breakthrough series in five volumes.

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