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Ziel des Projekts ist eine Darstellung der siedlungstopographischen Entwicklung von etwa 30 ausgewählten Städten Schlesiens (siehe Tab. S. 254) über den gesamten Zeitraum des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts.
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The article scrutinizes the Polish-speaking debate over industrial modernity regarding Łódź, a multi-ethnic textile factory hub on the over-industrialized Western fringe of the Russian Empire. I collate external and internal voices expressed in the press regarding modernity, urbanity and the status of the city within the national public sphere to reveal assumptions about the urban and the rural which underpinned cultural criticism targeting the industrial hotbed and attempts at self-assertion on the part of local elites. A specific developmental trajectory of rapid and barely regulated industrial growth, an ethnically mixed population, and high social polarization secured a highly ambiguous perception of this city. Warsaw-centered elites produced a specific mode of accusation against urbanity, denying its very existence in a place that could not be easily integrated into Polish, nationalistically colored, modern aspirations. From a broader perspective, the presented analysis maps the binary structure of the rural vs. the urban on the larger field of debate over modernity, the “urban question,” citizenship and national self-assertion.
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The Kaliningrad Oblast, which is located on the Baltic Sea between Poland to the south and Lithuania to the north and east, was built on the ruins of the German province of East Prussia together with its capital city, Königsberg. The majority of its population, mostly ethnic Germans, fled in late 1944 and early 1945 as the Soviet Red Army advanced beyond the borders into pre-war Germany and started to encircle the region. The remaining thousands were resettled by the new authorities at the beginning of the 1950s. The repopulation of the region, now under Soviet control, was gradual and slow. By the beginning of the 1980s, the number of inhabitants in Kaliningrad had reached its pre-war levels.
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In the following contribution, the author analyses the German members of the Lower Styrian Provincial Assembly (urban and rural curiae) in the period from 1848/61 to 1918. After the restoration of the constitutional life in 1861, a Slovenian party (a party in the pre-modern sense), which strived for language and national equality, and a German “constitutional” party were formed. The national question was becoming increasingly topical in the Austrian political arena. While the national component was still not so prominent at the first election, it already gained a more evident role until the next by-election. In the following years (decades), nationalism intensified and influenced a progressively national attitude of the German (as well as the Slovenian) representatives.
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After the came from their homeland Caucasus, Uzunyayla villages hosted the ancient Caucasian culture for almost 100 years, as long as there was internal migration from the village to the city. The villages have kept the memory spaces, which have established connections with the Caucasus for many years, to remain alive, thanks to platforms like “vorşer”, “haçeş”, funerals and weddings. However, the internal migration process that started with mechanization in agriculture in the 1950s accelerated over time and today the villages have reached the discharge point. Migration from the village to the city, which takes place for different reasons such as providing a better life for children through education and dividing the land through inheritance, has led to the breaking of the large family structure, the acceleration of the process leading to the loss of language, mobile education and the loss of memory spaces. In this article, which we will try to describe the historical sites of “Çörümşek” and “Uzunyayla” under the name of “Uzunyayla” as culturally, we will try to explain the sites, sites, and photographs in the villages; we will examine the effects of internal migration on memory spaces through the questions we asked to the source people during our field studies in “Uzunyayla” villages in 2017, 2018 and 2019.
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It is observed that Turks, who have a nomadic lifestyle, have been living in cooperation with nature throughout history, have a life struggle with animals that are their main source of livelihood, and share the common living space especially with the animals they domesticate. This proximity is reflected in the vocabulary; words, phrases, proverbs and figurative phrases about animals are embodied in the language. These language elements, many of which are not available in standard language today, are frequently found in the dialects of rural areas. Due to the changing life conditions, it is seen that migration from the village to the city centre intensifies and the way of life differs. The decrease in the connection with nature and living creatures in the nature, the change of the livelihood, caused that people who meet their needs in harmony with nature to move away from nature and animals due to urbanization. This divergence resulting from the changing lifestyle has also manifested itself in language and has led to a reduction in the diversity of concepts, especially animals, and thus conceptual blunting. In this study, the concepts about animals, which the local people are in close contact with, in the dialect of Sofçular Village, Araç, Kastamonu were compiled. In addition, the current situations of these concepts, which have become standard due to migrations from the village to the city centre, the changing living conditions and the culture are emphasized. The termination of the use of these words due to urbanization and compensating these words with other words is the subject of this study.
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The industrialization process, which is the undisputed main actor of social transformations for nearly one hundred and fifty years, is an important factor triggering urban problems. This process, which is one of the main determinants of social and urban dynamics, has an indispensable effect on the increasing growth of important problems related to urban growth, development and planning. The urban texture of the pre-industrial urban environment has been transformed with the changing production techniques and the cities, which have the character of an art work, have become a product. This negative transformation, spreading in a global influence, has infiltrated into daily life and prepared the ground for the emergence of ugliness, kitsch, incompatibility, distortion and commodification in urban space. Post-industrial cities need to be repaired with some kind of renaissance, a planned process of thought and activity. Urbanization problem; aesthetics, political, spatial and cultural can be opened to a discussion in a spiral, design and solution processes can be carried out in this axis. One of the ways to solve the problems that arise in the process of creating urban fabric is to take concrete steps in order to transform the city into a ından work deneyim that is experienced again. First of all, we must return to the tradition of urban space-art cooperation which has been going on since Ancient Greece. In this context, inclusion of the possibilities of contemporary art in the planning processes of spatial productions may contribute to the practices of constructing physical, social, mental and spiritual spaces in urban fabric, may help to repair the deterioration of post-industrial urban fabric, and may form a common denominator in problem-solving.
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The developments occurred in political, economic, socio-cultural, technological and environmental fields within the globalization at the end of the 20th century have affected societies in various ways and caused significant changes and transformations in the habits, lifestyles, and needs of societies. The interaction between local and global cultures expressed as the lifestyle of nations or societies has become increasingly problematic and complex under the influence of globalization. The emergence of a threat to the local cultures as a result of the hegemony of the dominant culture or cultures on local cultures, the spread of American culture as a global culture, the orientation of people to a single culture, the appearance of cultural uniformity around the world, the destruction of awareness and cultural diversity can be evaluated as the negative effects caused by globalization in terms of culture. Depending on the internal and external dynamics, such problems posed by globalization in terms of culture are realized through urbanization, media, technology, education, etc. In this study, cultural flows of globalization in a rapidly globalizing and changing world are discussed and their effects on intangible cultural heritage are investigated.
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Through a survey of residents, this study examined the potential environmental, economic and socio-cultural effects of Cittaslow movement on the Göynük destination. A questionnaire was used as a data collection technique and it was applied to 410 residents in Göynük with snowball sampling. Reliability and validity analyses were conducted and in the ongoing process, the individual characteristics of the participants evaluated with frequency and percentage distributions and the mean and standard deviation values. The “t-test” and “Variance (Anova) Analysis” were used in order to compare participants’ opinions in the context of demographics, and Tukey and LSD tests were used to determine the groups that caused differences. According to the findings, the participants stated that participation in the Cittaslow movement is an effective model for the increase in the number of tourists and they were pleased that Göynük was a slow city.
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Globalization is one of the most discussed issues as a mobility which has world-wide effects nearly on all of the world nations. As soon as globalization has emerged and been discussed for several decades, local cultures and creole cultures have also been studied as a result of controversies on interaction between globalization and localization. Mohsin Hamid’s fiction can be examined through the global and local cultures which cannot be separated from identities of individuals and cities that seem to be the basic carriers of cultural values. In The Reluctant Fundamentalist, he deals with the conception of creole culture and dilemma of a Pakistani immigrant in America and also changing milieu of both New York and Lahore in which globalization enters a contesting process with the local structures. Conceivably believing that there is not any obvious line between the global and the local spheres, the writer displays cultural consequences of globalization which do not signify any homogenization or clash for cultural identities of cities and individuals.
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New consumption trends are triggered by, among others, the demographic structure of each population, in particular by the change in the structure of households. One of the main change factors is the evolution of the family model. According to Eurostat data, among the EU-28 countries, the most common in 2017 were a one-person households (33.6%). Their fraction increased compared to 2007 by 3.7 percentage points (Household composition statistics, 2018). The change of the family model has brought a strong increase in the number of one-person households also in Poland (so-called singles). It is estimated that by 2030 the share of contemporary singles of different ages will increase in global terms to over 30%, especially in big cities. In Poland in 2017, the fraction of these households was 23.5%. Satisfying the various needs of singles has shaped the market of goods and services addressed to this group of consumers. The lifestyle of singles is differentiated by several factors that affect their consumer behavior. The authors, using CSO (Central Statistical Office) data from household budget surveys from 2016, examined the impact of selected factors on the expenditures of large-sized singles in two age groups. Logistic regression model was applied, which does not require to satisfy the linear dependence of variables. The application utility of the selected analysis model is translated into information important for the marketing activities of enterprises that try to adapt their market offer to the expectations of a growing group of Polish one-person households.
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The article deals with the problem of the ambivalent status of garbage in urban space. The author explores, based on the Diana Lelonek Center for Living Things project, how wastes co-create new ecosystems, undermining our understanding of the concepts of environment and wasteland, and resists the capitalist logic of overproduction and redundancy.
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The article is an analysis of several texts from Jewish literature. The main purpose is to see how the characters of villagers were construed and how the rural space functioned in texts created by Yiddish writers. Rural space is the sphere of professional and sociocultural contacts within which heroes are placed and by which their fate is influenced. Jewish–peasant relations are the most interesting aspects of the narratives.
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Rural areas gradually become modern people in cities taking good care mentally and physically due to the pressure in life or the memory of past life in rural areas. Rural tourism and vacation in rural areas are therefore gradually preferred by city people. With the effect of financial crises in past years, a lot of people become dissatisfied with the life. Well-being would have a person present joy, content, and rich psychological feelings. Countries in the world expect to create well-being cities for the people’s well-being. Aiming at rural tourism employees in Fujian Province, total 380 copies of questionnaire are distributed, and 287 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 76%. The research results are expected to provide reference for the development of sustainable rural tourism of governmental departments and businesses to achieve the sustainable development of life, production, and ecology in rural areas.
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One of the elements affecting the quality of life is recreational activity. Considering the ageing demographic structure of urban residents, it is necessary to take into account the needs and expectations of seniors in the activities of cities. In addition, an important factor determining recreational activity is the transport accessibility of the recreational space of cities on which this article is focused. The article consists of three parts. The first explains the theoretical issues regarding transport accessibility. The second presents considerations on the mobility of seniors. The supplement to the discussion is the third part, which is a case study for the Zawadzkiego-Kolonowica housing estate in Szczecin (Poland), whose age structure shows a high level of ageing.
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Based on the Interreg Central Europe Territorial cooperation Programme’s CONNECT2CE project the current paper analyses the existing passenger traffic flow across the border which is among the TOP10 busiest border section of the EU. It provides an overview of the main socio-economic characteristic of the peripheral border area and identifies the factors which are leading to the continuous growth of cross-border traffic. Based on previous research and travel surveys it collects the past service attempts offered to tap the growing cross-border travel demand. It also presents the most recent passenger counts and relational (Origin-Destination O-D) ticketing statistic in order to get precise knowledge about the usage level of the existing service which helps to understand the rapidly changing mobility patterns and spatial structure. Finally, it takes into account the existing EU conform legal and organisational challenges for offering competitive public transport services on a cross-border route and proposes two new solutions as a contribution to achieve a sustainable modal shift towards public transport in the peripheral border area.
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The main aim of the paper is to present the performative dimension of activities undertaken by the “Ne da(vi)mo Beograd” Initiative. The Initiative’s actions, which initially concerned opposition to the “Belgrade on Water” project, turned into a regular political campaign. These activities clearly illustrate contemporary ways of managing civil opposition, as well as performative practices aimed at creating a civil society. The focus is on verbal and non-verbal practices of expressing resistance, as well as strategies for building a sense of community among the participants of the Initiative’s gatherings.
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People’s opinions have been an accepted tool for proffering solutions to various urban problems. Thanks to them, information is sourced to guide policy-makers and other environmentally concerned stakeholders in taking enlightened decisions about the future development of cities. Taking this into account, the study essayed to examine urban legibility across different residential zones of Ibadan metropolis with a view to providing information that could enhance the livability of the city and other ones with similar backgrounds. A total of 327 residents were selected for the survey, using the systematic sampling technique. The study revealed that the most predominant urban legibility elements used in navigation in the core and transition zones were the names of areas, while availability of nearby churches was the prominent urban legibility element in giving/receiving directions in the suburban. The study revealed that a variation existed in the importance the residents attached to various urban legibility elements as well as the effectiveness of these elements across individual residential areas of the metropolis. Furthermore, the study established that locating places in Ibadan in terms of describing and taking descriptions is a challenging task. It is recommended that the government should work out modalities to locate all urban legibility elements, enlighten the public on the need to incorporate these elements in order to improve the street coordinate system in the study area and also develop and implement the existing development plan with integration of urban legibility elements.
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Nowadays revitalisation is treated as a process which is implemented in areas of a different character, the aim of which is to eliminate barriers that prevent or slow down their broadly understood economic invigoration. It is directed towards comprehensive problem solving. Revitalisation is one of the most important tasks for local policy and is perceived as area modelling (including areas going through the urbanisation process). In various regions of Europe, this process has been taking place for over three decades, while in Poland it is a relatively new one. In our country, revitalization has accelerated, among others, owing to availability of co-financing, provided by a greater access to dedicated EU funds as well as to legal and administrative regulations. Actions supporting the revitalisation process with the use of proven instruments are also on an increase in the countries that want to join the EU structures and/or enter the path of modelling their own economies, adapting them to contemporary socio-economic challenges within their own or available possibilities. Based on the analysis of the course of revitalisation process, with a particular emphasis laid on areas being urbanized in selected EU countries, Poland and Georgia, some general regularities related to the studied actions and to their implementation are determined in the conclusions.
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The purpose of the paper is to present the locations of housing investments in Lower Silesia Province, with a special focus on cities/towns and suburban areas, and also to evaluate their potential impact on reducing spatial disproportions in the region’s development. The study covers the territory of Lower Silesia Province, especially cities/towns which are leading with regard to housing investments locations, selected by the number of dwellings completed. The research period is 2011-2017. The paper presents the relations and feedbacks between a housing investment location and the social and economic development and growth.
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