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ПРАЗНИКЪТ „КАЛИНИЦА” В КОНТЕКСТА НА ЛОКАЛНИТЕ ПОЛИТИКИ ЗА КОНСТРУИРАНЕ НА КУЛТУРНО НАСЛЕДСТВО В АСЕНОВГРАД

Author(s): Zlatina Bogdanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The "Kalinitsa" festival is an example of the revival of a local tradition, which acquires new life by interpreting it as part of the cultural heritage of Assenovgrad. The "little Jerusalem" is the popular nickname of the town, reflecting a shared idea of centuries-old Orthodox culture, many churches, monasteries and chapels in the town and its surroundings. The project “Assenovgrad – the sacred gate of the Rhodopes” and the routes of pilgrimage tourism in “The Rhodope Holy Mountain” highlight these characteristics of the region. Integrated in the cultural calendar of the town, "Kalinitsa" is now a representative festival, utilized to become one of the tourist attractions. Except in print media, this event is promoted through the Facebook profile of the Tourist Information Centre at the Municipality. In the context of these policies of constructing cultural heritage and turning it into an attractive tourist product, the author presents a cultural practice and a revived tradition, surpassing the original legend. The aim of the study is to determine how "Kalinitsa" is reconstructed nowadays, what are the main functions and the importance that the local community attributes to it. The analysis identifies the main discourses associated with this holiday, paying attention to the role of collective and individual memory in shaping modern practices and models of celebration in the community. In the disclosure of all aspects of this tradition the author leans upon personal observations, stories of participants and earlier ethnographic studies.

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ИНСТИТУЦИИТЕ НА БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ МИГРАНТСКИ ОБЩНОСТИ В ЧУЖБИНА И СЪХРАНЯВАНЕТО НА КУЛТУРНОТО НИ НАСЛЕДСТВО

Author(s): Vladimir Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The text is an attempt to present a typology of the migrant community institutions in regard to: 1) their institutional categorization, i.e., if they are official or informal; 2) their purposefulness, i.e., regarding their regulation goals. The research is related to the project 'Cultural heritage in migration. Models of consolidation and institutionalization of the Bulgarian communities abroad', financed by the Scientific Research Fund.

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КУЛТУРНОТО НАСЛЕДСТВО КАТО РЕСУРС В ИКОНОМИКАТА. ПРИМЕРЪТ НА МАЛКИ ХЛЕБОПЕКАРНИ В БЪЛГАРИЯ

Author(s): Ivanka Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The trends of healthy nutrition spreading worldwide can be observed by the example of the extending consumer niche, oriented to the demand for bread, made by hand and baked in small bakeries. The entrepreneurs, owners of such bakeries I investigated in 2015, claim that in the process of their professional work and by its results they have been endeavoring to fit in that niche oriented to healthy and nature-conforming nutrition. Apart from laying emphasis on the use of maximum high quality products in bread-making, they also apply cultural approaches in order to construct the image of bread as a cultural value, inherited from the past, and to conceptualize the ways and technologies of its production as social actions marking “a return to traditions”. The entrepreneurs display the production and marketing of a product of a very high symbolic value, exceeding and even incomparable with its market value. In this way small bread-makers practically become part in the generation of cultural heritage. The article presents some cultural approaches of small bread-makers in Bulgaria, whereby bread-making has been constructed as cultural heritage. I identified these approaches in the self-presentation of the members of the branch organization “Bulgarian Guild of Bakers” (constituted in 2014) during their participation in the Crafts Fair in Plovdiv in April 2015. For the theoretical framework of my research I rely on the concepts of cultural heritage and its construction and instrumentalization, developed by Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, David Lowenthal, Herman Bausinger, Ingo Schneider and Robert Pekham.

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Mestská patrónka sv. Alžbeta ako bod stretnutia dynastickej a meštianskej tradície v stredovekých Košiciach

Author(s): Katarína Nádaská / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Identitu stredovekého mesta veľmi silno utváral jeho patrón. Mal charakter bytostne typický pre dané mestské sídlo. Predsa v inštitúcii mestského patróna nachádzame rôzne cudzie prvky, ktoré sa museli stretnúť, komunikovať a premiešať, aby kult patróna dostal podobu typickú pre dané mesto.

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Introduction

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Magic in the past in its various forms, perceptions and definitions has been a popular subject of modern Western scholarship for a long time. In the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, in contrast, the issue of magic is still a rather neglected area of study. Apart from the study of witchcraft and apart from ethnologists or anthropologists, whose research interests usually include present or recent case studies and phenomena, the subject of magic has not yet received due attention from historians and other scholars of the humanities of the region. This can be partly explained by the fact that while communist policy with its stress on the class struggle preferred certain topics, mainly political, economic and social history, it practically brought other fields and research interests to a standstill.

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Research Problems of Magical Texts in Central Europe

Author(s): Benedek Láng / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In his fundamental article on the diffusion of Arabic magical texts in Western Europe, David Pingree made a remarkable observation. He noticed that copies of magical texts “found an attentive audience only after about (...) 1400 in Central Europe.” The research I have been carrying out in the latest years is closely related to Pingree’s remark. My investigations focus on Central European sources of learned magic found in 15th century manuscripts. These texts include a wide variety of branches from the relatively innocent practices of natural magic, which operates with the secret correspondences of the world and with the marvellous properties of its objects (to be found in lapidaries, bestiaries, books of marvels, and books of secrets), through the more manipulative methods of image magic or talismanic magic (presented in the famous Picatrix, in Thebit ben Corath’s De imaginibus, in a range of hermetic texts), to arrive finally at the practices of ritual magic, that is the science of acquiring knowledge about unknown, future, and hidden phenomena with the help of the invocation of angels and demons.

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The Magic of Image: Astrological, Alchemical and Magical Symbolism at the Court of Wenceslas IV

Author(s): Milena Bartlová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Czech Renaissance man of letters Václav Hájek of Libočany explained the representations of kingfishers and half naked bathmaidens that he saw painted on some Prague buildings, as records of saucy affairs from the life of the King Bohemia Wenceslas IV. He developed in this way the image of a bad and immoral ruler, coined by the many political and religious enemies acquired by Wenceslas during the almost forty years of his turbulent rule around the year 1400. Three and a half centuries later, Julius Schlosser, the art historian writing in Freud’s Vienna in the 80s of the 19th century, recognized an extensive group of similar symbolic images in the margins of Wenceslas’ illuminated codices. He called them emblems and explained them as a form of aesthetic sublimation of the erotic relationship between the king and his second wife Sophia of Bavaria. In the 1960s, the Czech art historian Josef Krása recognized the deepest sense of the complex symbolic meanings of these images in a celebration of natural life, as opposed to the fetters of social conventions.

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An Outline History of Alchemy in Slovakia.

Author(s): Miloš Jesenský / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The theme of the history of alchemy is usually neglected by historians in Slovakia or regarded in the context of the history of science and technology as marginal. However, irrespective of this point of view, it is possible to record the existence of alchemy, regarded in the literature of the time sometimes as an art (ars) and sometimes as a science (scientia), and its turbulent flourishing in the Renaissance period and later, whether in European or Slovak history. It had an important influence on contemporary society, including science, culture and politics and analysis of this area would require more detailed research. There are various works devoted to aspects of this problem in Slovakia, dealing with alchemy in the context of the history of the natural sciences in Slovakia, but a general work summarizing the partial findings has not been published so far, in contrast to Czech and Polish historiography.

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Magic Features in Johann Heinrich Alsted´s Apocalyptics

Author(s): Olga Lukács / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Chiliasm or millenarianism is nothing else but eschatology contemplated on the Earth, a doctrine about final things, which includes also the Last Judgement. We can find several allusions to this event in the Scriptures. A number of people have declared the nearness of that terrible hour; we think of the Last Day, of Heaven and Hell. These issues are connected with the return of Jesus, the resurrection of the dead, the end of the World, eternity and with the forthcoming Kingdom of God. Several theologians interpret Christ’s return (resurrection) as the age of perfect welfare and peace within the framework of a given empire on Earth. As the Apocrypha (e.g. the Letter of Barnabas, Book of Enoch etc.) says, this Heavenly state is just a period of transition between the existing time and eternity.

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The Role of Black Magic in Controlling Social Balance in Moldavian Chango Villages

Author(s): Peti Lehel / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper is designed to show some rituals succeeding theft of the Moldavian Chango villages, which have been practiced with the same features presumably since the 19th century. We attempt to explain the social historical causes of the “cultural conservation,” for this reason we try to outline the historical context in which these offensive magic rituals have taken shape. In Moldavia there was no witch-hunt and the reason for this fact is questionable. Perhaps there was not because this method of curing was not known and practiced by the elite, by the Church, or probably because the adequate popular beliefs and institutions, which could have supported it, were lacking. Without the records from the witch-hunts we have hardly any sources about the bygone role of magic. As a result of the socio-economic isolation the waves of modernization were fairly late in this region, therefore many elements of the practice of magic have remained with medieval continuity up to now. Thus we can nevertheless identify the past features from the techniques being practiced today and from their narratives kept in the collective remembrance. Although we have still not analysed the functioning of the system as a whole, we can draw attention to some significant characteristics. This is especially justified, since an intensive modernization of Moldavia is now in progress, which has taken decades in the case of other regions and ethnic groups. Owing to the loss of language being advanced because of assimilation, those narratives from which we could reconstruct the past features of the magic penal system and from which we could interpret its present forms of realization could disappear within a short time.

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Popular Piety and Magic in Hungary in the 17th Century

Author(s): Ingrid Kušniráková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the 17th century, the Kingdom of Hungary was divided into two parts. The Turkish army occupied the larger part, and the Habsburgs controlled only the approximate area of present day Slovakia and the northwestern part of present day Hungary. The frontier between these territories frequently changed. As a result of the religious and political development, five important confessions existed in the country in this period alongside each other and each of them cultivated its own forms and expressions of piety. The wide range of problems going beyond the possibilities of one paper, the absence of specialized studies and the inadequate level of present knowledge do not enable the production of an account of the formation of popular piety in Hungary in its whole breadth and complexity. The paper will trace only those forms of piety and expressions of magic associated with the Roman Catholic Church and exclusively in the territories where the Habsburgs exercised royal jurisdiction in the 17th century.

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Morálne základy sporu o sociálnu spravodlivosť na Slovensku

Author(s): Andrej Findor,Zuzana Maďarová,Alexandra Ostertágová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Mediálne titulky naznačujú, že vyostrovanie názorov sa stáva neprehliadnuteľným javom v spoločnosti na Slovensku. Pola ri začné tendencie možno dlhodobo sledovať vo verejných diskusiách o ľudských právach rómskeho obyvateľstva, sexuál nych menšín, o rodovej rovnosti či sociálnej spravodlivosti. Súčasťou javu a zároveň jeho dôsledkom je vzájomné nepochopenie, nemožnosť diskusie a neschopnosť hľadať efektívne riešenia. V tejto situácii môže byť prínosné pozrieť sa na podstatu aktuálnych sporov z pohľadu, ktorý na Slovensku ešte nie je etablovaný – z pohľadu t eórie morálnych základov, ktorá ponúka možnosti empiricky skúmať asymetrický vzťah medzi intuitívnymi morálnymi súdmi a morálnym uvažovaním. Rozpoznanie morálnej plura lity, teda rozmanitosti morálneho cítenia, ktorá stojí v centre teórie, môže zohrať dôležitú úlohu v pochopení a potenciálnom zmiernení spo ločenských konfliktov vrátane sporu o sociálnu spravodlivosť.

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Atlas rómskych komunít na Slovensku 2013 ako pramenná databáza pre analýzu situácie Rómov na Slovensku a jeho potenciál pre ďalšie výskumy a analýzy

Author(s): Alexander Mušinka,Kvetoslava Matlovičová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Vo svojom príspevku by sme čitateľom radi predstavili niekto ré vybrané údaje z nedávno skončeného celoslovenského výskumu nazývaného Atlas rómskych komunít na Slovensku 2013. Ide o dosiaľ najrozsiahlejší výskum zameraný na sledovanie vybraných ukazovateľov vo vzťahu k rómskym komunitám a príspevok je iba jedným z prvých výberových výstupov výskumu. Základné zistenia, ako aj stručná metodika výskumu tvoria obsah záverečnej publikácie vydanej v roku 2014 Rozvojovým programom OSN (Mušinka et al., 2014). Uvedená publi kácia sa primárne orientuje na širšiu verejnosť a nemala ambíciu detailne prezentovať niekto ré metodologické a interpretačné rámce výskumu. Predpokladáme, že obsiahle a kvalitou i obsahom rôznorodé zdrojové dáta výsku mu budú (a čiastočne už aj sú) dostupné akademickej obci na ďal šie spracovanie, a preto v prvej časti príspevku považujeme za dô ležité bližšie objasniť terminologické a metodologické prístupy autorov výskumu, ktoré priamo ovplyvňujú spôsoby spracovania a interpretácie zdrojových dát. Autori príspevku sa podieľali na kreovaní, reali zácii a spracovaní Atlasu 2013 a radi by poukázali na potenciál, ako aj limity spraco vávania získaných dát.

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Čierno-biele svety. Idey, optiky, koncepty a výzvy

Author(s): Tatiana Zachar Podolinská / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Publikácia Čierno-biele svety. Rómovia v majoritnej spoločnosti na Slovensku prichádza na slovenský a český odborný trh po sústredenom úsilí jej autorov a editorov. Ide o rozsiahle a systematické dielo, vychádzajúce z originálnych výskumov zameraných na rómske štúdiá naprieč spoločenskými a humanitnými disciplínami (etnografia, sociálna a kultúrna antropológia, aplikovaná a angažovaná antropológia, filozofia, história, sociológia, lingvistika a religionistika).1 Naším cieľom nebolo podať vyčerpávajúci pohľad či prehľad o rómskych štúdiách na Slovensku, čo napokon nie je dosť dobre ani možné. Išlo nám skôr o interdisciplinárne, z rôznych strán nasvietené výsledky aktuálnych výskumov v tejto oblasti. Našou podmienkou akceptovania rukopisu do publikácie boli nielen originálne interpretované dáta z autorských výskumov (terénnych, archívnych a iných), ale aj práca s aktuálnymi teoretickými konceptmi zo sociálnych a humanitných vied. Snažili sme sa dodržať paritný balans medzi okruhmi tém, medzi disciplínami (spoločenské a humanitné), ako i metódami.2 Pri príprave knihy sme požiadali o spoluprácu aj českých kolegov a prizvali sme aj jednu expertku a dvoch expertov zo zahraničia. Naším cieľom bolo zostaviť čo najkompetentnejší kolektív autoriek a auto rov, ktorí sa aktuálne venujú rómskym štúdiám na Slovensku alebo ktorí robili výskumy medzi Rómami na Slovensku.

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BETON - Kulturno propagandni komplet br. 007, Beograd, utorak, 28. novembar 2006.

Author(s): Olga Manojlović-Pintar,Aleksandar M. Novaković,Saša Ćirić,Srđan V. Tešin,Vladimir Tupanjac,Nenad Veličković,Tomislav Marković,Miloš Živanović,Lazar Bodroža / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian

MIXER, Olga Manojlović Pintar: Bandit ili hrabro srce; CEMENT, Aleksandar Novaković: Anđeli 3, Saša Ćirić: Appendix Angelorum; ŠTRAFTA, Srđan V. Tešin: Đe si bijo kad je klalo i bombardovalo?, Vladimir Tupanjac: Politika kulturne politike; VREME SMRTI I RAZONODE, Nenad Veličković: Opinion faker, Tomislav Marković: Farenhajt 451, Miloš Živanović: DJ u Zmajevom gnezdu; BULEVAR ZVEZDA: Redakcija: Kapor Momo; BLOK BR. V., Lazar Bodroža: Zorica i Kemiš.

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AN ALBANIAN HISTORICAL BALLAD AND THE PARALLEL EXISTENCE IN PERFORMANCE

Author(s): Arbnora Dushi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In Albanian-language folk tradition, The Ballad of Halit Gashi is categorized as historical because of its central figure and the historical event that it presents. The event occurred during the Ottoman occupation in the Balkan region, but the song itself has come down to us and continues to be actively performanced. This song is part of the folk repertoire, accompanied with vernacular stringed instruments such as çiftelia. But at the same time it has a public life in mass culture, performed as a genre of urban music. Both versions, the folk and the urban, continue to exist in parallel and represent different social and cultural dimensions that echo the different social and cultural communities of Albanian-speaking society in Kosovo and Albania. Is it the theme of the song, the text, sensitivity of the theme, music, singer, or the taste of the public that continues to keep The Ballad of Halit Gashi alive? Why does this song continue to have two parallel performance traditions: the folk and the pop? What conditions led to a modern version in the urban style? Parallel existence of both types signifies coexistence of tradition and modernity in Albanian-speaking society. While comparing versions of the song and their characteristic elements, we will examine the social and cultural of society, drawing on the work of Sadri Fetiu, Gene Bluestein, Marjetka Golež, Rory Archer, Mathew Gelbart, and others, and with the help of social anthropology, we will try to be able to find these answers.

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Antropologia wojny i powojnia w perspektywie oddolnej. Wprowadzenie

Author(s): Magdalena Lubańska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The introductory chapter discusses the background and methodology of the ethnographic fieldwork research conducted by the authors of this volume under the supervision of its editor. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews mostly with the members of Ukrainian-Polish families, who escaped resettlement to the so-called Recovered Territories in 1944–1947. Drawing on the anthropological literature on the specificity of cultural borderlands as well as memory and trauma studies, Lubańska clarifies why the authors avoid ethnocentric perspective in their analyses. Instead, inspired by Judith Butler’s reflections on precarious lives, the researchers sought to recognize the emic points of views on what determined belonging to the protected ‘we’, and what caused someone’s life to be considered less valuable. Focusing on situational analysis, Lubańska points out that the picture of the war and the postwar period that emerges from the interviewees’ accounts differs significantly from the content imposed by the historical policy aimed at creating national myths and overseeing what should be remembered, and how. Black-and-white, teleologically structured historical narratives are replaced by dramatic, axiologically complex human stories. The witnesses’ memory of past events continues to amaze us and, although it deprives us of landmarks, it also invalidates petrified forms of interpreting the past.

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„To mam na oczach…” – dziecięce świadkowanie (po)wojennym wydarzeniom

Author(s): Zuzanna Newbery / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text focuses on the childhood aspect of the memories of people who grew up during World War II and the postwar period in Subcarpathian villages. Already during my first interviews with the oldest inhabitants of Subcarpathia, it was impossible to ignore the fact that, for most of the interviewees, recollections of the war were childhood memories. The specific perspective of these witnesses, marked by the memory of a child, was for a long time ignored, and the leading voices in the narrative about the war were the elders who had participated in wartime events as adults. Undoubtedly, however, reminiscences of a childhood in the shadow of an armed conflict still linger in the minds of people living in the villages of the Subcarpathian region, and their generation is now the only one able to recount that period from their own experience. The last witnesses are passing away, so listening to them, recording their recollections and analysing these particular narratives are matters of ‘urgent anthropology’. The topic of childhood memory is therefore particularly important and evokes a number of cognitively interesting issues. The article explores how interviewees remember and evaluate their childhood experiences. It discusses the issue of childhood witnessing, focusing on the memories of individuals who, as children, witnessed difficult events such as violence and murders. On the basis of ethnographic interviews conducted in the areas of Manasterz, Nielepkowice, Zapałów, Surmaczówka, Czerc, Dobra and Pełkiń, the text analyses the statements of witnesses, the content appearing in their narratives and the bodily practices accompanying them. It reflects on the categories that fit the description of a child witness and discusses the phenomenon of ‘upbringing to silence’, which seems to be a characteristic strategy of upbringing applied during the war and the post-war period in the villages of the Subcarpathian region.

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Romantyzm a narodziny wyobraźni populistycznej – przypadek Mickiewicza

Author(s): Jens Herlth / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article examines the development of the aesthetic and political functionalization of the concept of the “people” in Adam Mickiewicz’s work. On the basis of current research on the rhetorical practice and the political imaginary of populism, the article shows that figures of argumentation, discursive strategies, and ideological posi- tions that we today associate with the political phenomenon of populism can be found in Mickiewicz. In this respect, a development can be discerned. The early Ballads and Romances are inspired by the fascination with folk culture generally rampant in Europe at the time. After Mickiewicz’s arrival in Paris in the early 1830s, one can detect an increas- ing political concretization of the concept of the people, which is also expressed in the activist rhetoric of his Paris Lectures. In the late journalism from The Tribune of the Peoples, we can detect a strategy of domesticating the rebellious impulses of the “people” by tying it back to the “nation.”

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От традиционното хоро до сценичното изкуство и културното наследство. Културни политики и социална трансформация

Author(s): Krasimira Krastanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The specifics of life transitions are often constructed in relation to social transformations generated by political, economic, cultural demographic causes. Changes come as the result of actions of community members who build their strategies, participate in meaningful events and/or routine activities that transform the environment but also the people. Life transitions can affect the separate person but also the whole community, reflecting and becoming included in the process of social transformation. The text is a case study (the Thracian dance of Kalekovtsi) and analyses the transitions in the life of the village community, seen through the construction and uses of cultural heritage. There is a role for the conceptualization of life transition played by the cultural politics carried out through the activities of the local community culture clubs (chitalishte), and the changes are traced from the 1930s to the 2020s. Before WWII, the chitalishte worked mostly in the direction of educating and spreading information. During the socialist period, their task was to contribute for the establishment of homogeneity of the working and peasant class in everyday life. Elements of festive customs were extracted from their ‘natural environment’ and proclaimed as folk art. Through the chitalishte, the idea of that art’s reworking and modernization was carried out with the purpose of inscribing it in a new manner into people’s life. Thus the traditional Kalekovtsi Horo became the raw material for its reincarnation as a stage dance, as only some elements were emphasized to give it a specific characteristic and recognizability on the stage. This puts it into the category of ‘invented traditions’ (after Hobsbawm). Since more than two decades ago, the contemporary politics have been directed towards the preservation and valorization of cultural heritage. The people of the local community (re-)conceptualise their idea of cultural heritage and they take the stage version as an important element of their ofn past and present. The analysis of the material reveals the processes of social transformation that are manifested in cultural practices and inheritance.

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