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Zamišljanje nacionaliteta na Zapadnom Balkanu u tri čina

Author(s): Asim Mujkić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/2013

This text offers a historical version of the ideological narrative of the process of imagining and production of ethnic nations in the Balkans, especially in the geographic area of ex- Serbo-Croat language (today’s Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro). This historical narrative is divided in three phases: a) Romantic revolution; b) National revolution, and c) ‘The Final Solution’, along with fourth, interim phase: ‘Communist Deviation’. This task of ideological demythologization seems important, especially for Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the midst of so-called ‘Euro-integration’ processes, as a part of wider ideological ‘Euro-centric’ demythologization that views this part of the world in terms of ‘balkanization’, as ‘not-yet-European’ (Maria Todorova). The analysis of the development of ethno-nationalist ideology in this part of the world, will show that, actually it has been Europeanized for at least during the last 200 years, yet for various reasons that process have not yet been completed.

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Nacionalizam: specifičan tip društvene činjenice i društvenog djelovanja

Author(s): Vedad Muharemović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2015

The exploring of nationalism in the era of globalism and transnational social relations may seem as the practice of dealing with what seem like the battered metaphors and dealing with “zombie sociology“. Contrary to various theoretical conceptions and interpretations that are constructed on the basis of taking into account one or several variables; from economic, gender, political, religious, communication, psychological, to socio-constructivist variables in the broadest sense, this text sets the thesis of the two-dimensional character of nationalism, namely, on nationalism as a specific type of social fact, and nationalism as a type of social action. Both types act supplementary, which may explain the recurrent and continuous effect of nationalism in the era of contemporary social world.

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STATE AND NATION. A COMPARATIVE APPROACH BETWEEN THE LEGIONARY AND THE COMMUNIST DISCOURSE

Author(s): Antoanela-Paula Mureșan / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2015

The paper herein aims to analyse the state and nation, as these two concepts were reflected in the legionary and communist discourse on the Romanian political scene in the 20th century. More precisely, we shall make a comparison between the discourse of the best known legionnaire of his epoch, in the person of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, and that of the best known communist leader and President of the Socialist Republic of Romania (1974-1989), Nicolae Ceaușescu.

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The Role of Middle Eastern Classic Secular Texts in Forming National Identity and Intercultural Relations: Mu’allaqat

Author(s): Zane Šteinmane / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Despite the undeniable fragmentation of the Arab people, and discarding idealist views that overemphasize the similarities, essential elements persist that form the orientation of certain people affirming their needs, interests and goals with a common reference. Since the overwhelming majority of Arabs are Muslim, the two identities – religious and secular - are linked and overlapping, but are not necessarily inseparable. In the aftermath of colonialism, the second World War, and the growing influence of the Western philosophy, a literary movement of the local itelligence called “al-Nahda” inspired the establishment of Arab nationalism. In their attempts to form a national identity, certain elements of unity (language, common culture, sociopolitical experiences, economic interests, and a collective memory of their place and role in history) were highlighted.

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Il caso Kadare e la censura nei paesi comunisti

Author(s): Genti PUKA / Language(s): Italian Issue: 10/2015

The case of Kadare and censorship in communist countries. The article re-evaluates the role of the self-censorship in the literature of the communist countries using as a case-study the work and the interviews of the most famous albanian writer of XX century Ismail Kadare. Kadare tries to move the conflict center between him and his detractors on the – more convenient for him – ground of comparison between the real and the secondo class literature, calling him out of the discussion about him and his work in terms of dissent.The article argues that the role of the self-censorship has been conveniently overlooked by him and that such role connveniently overlooked and that such role establishes the real value of Kadare social-realism works.

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The biopolitics of violence: Instances of Anti-Semitism in interwar Romania

Author(s): Mihai Adrian Panu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The primacy of totalitarian ideologies in interwar Europe represents even nowadays a major historiographical challenge due to its multicausal character and various forms of appearance. This paper attempts to analyze the anti-Semitic phenomenon in interwar Romania primarily by taking into account its determinant factors. We assume that the emergence of radical ideologies in Central and Eastern Europe can optimally be understood if both regional and systemic causes are properly highlighted. The regional causes include local societal predispositions, ethno-cultural cleavages and specific political movements. On the other hand the systemic causes imply predominantly geopolitical factors and the repartition of power in the international system. Moreover we assume that the emergence and manifestations of extremism can be considered a direct result of political disputes between ethno-cultural groups which were systematically exposed to ideological and propaganda pressure.

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Metody mobilne i wizualne w praktyce badawczej. Zastosowanie fotospaceru w socjologicznych badaniach map mentalnych i zachowań terytorialnych ludzi

Author(s): Marcjanna Nóżka,Natalia Martini / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The article contains an introduction to the premises of methodological research which is aimed at identifying the ways in which people experiencing exclusion in various areas of life form mental maps of their neighborhood and exhibit territorial behaviors. It also refers to partial results of research developed on the basis of data collected with the use of cognitive schematization of paths aided by a photo-walk. This permitted the authors to identify typical ways of being in a space, as well as the manner in which the subjects of the research experienced the space. The authors then discuss theoretical and methodological implications of using visual and mobile methods in the process of producing and collecting knowledge about space, and finally, referring to the field research, point to the benefits and limitations of the application of these.

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Nemzet, nemzetköziség, nemzetfölöttiség

Author(s): Sándor András / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2013

Against the older slogan according to which tomorrow’s world will be an international one, and by virtue of which the Western world once strongly condemned any kind of “nationalism” in the name of democracy, the author adds the amendment that internationality is not possible without nations, and also vice versa, the nation is not possible without other nations and internationality, which is substantiated, since the middle of the 20th, by international alliances and organizations. Nations, in their political and cultural sense, have their roots in the same fundamental reality of the people and their human need for society and community. However, internationality is as real of a fact in the world like any nation. Political nations have to be centrally governed, and they need to relate to other political nations. Cultural nations, in turn, have an autarchic character, and differ from other cultural nations even when their language is thought to be the same. In other words, the rub lies nowhere else than in us, the people themselves.

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Ksenofilia jako fenomen kulturowy

Author(s): Grzegorz Pyszczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2015

Moreover, the paper explores rarely realised problem of xenophilia. Xenophilia is treated as a phenomenon, opposed to xenophobia, involving uncritical fascination with some form of alienation. The author tried to distinguish different types of xenophilia. He wonders about the causes of this phenomenon as well.

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Around the Bloc: Croatian Government Accursed of WWII Nostalgia

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 04/19/2016

Leader of prominent organization fighting anti-Semitism says Zagreb should do more to counter worrying trends.

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Around the Bloc: Obama Ice Cream

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 05/10/2016

A new Russian brand is only the latest in a line of controversial usages of the U.S. president’s image.

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Vývoj neoficiálnej pravicovo-extrémistickej scény na Slovensku od roku 1989

Author(s): Pavol Struhár / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2016

The article deals with development of unofficial right-wing extremist scene in Slovakia since 1989. This scene is represented by non-registered and loosely organized youth groups with activist (militant) strategies and extremist ideology. The article describes and analyzes the formation and activities of main groups considered as right-wing extremist, e.g. National resistance, Autonomous nationalism, Resistance Action Group or Slovak Recruits and tries to find the organizational, strategic or ideological patterns of their identity and activities. It seems that the most effective organization model in right-wing extremist scene is the cooperation of registered political party or civic movement with unofficial grassroots groups which are able to utilize their activism to get the needed electoral support for their associates with political ambitions.

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MIDDLE EUROPA: Slovakia: Dancing With the Devil

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 03/15/2016

Grim forebodings over the arrival of ultra-rightists in the Slovak parliament.

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„Rozpoznać i zrozumieć siebie”. O świadomości narodowej w polskiej myśli romantycznej

Author(s): Joanna Nowak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 45/2014

The awareness factor commonly termed as “national awakening,” in the Polish Romantic reflection was considered the utmost determinant of national maturity of community. In the opinion of Polish romantics, national awareness seen in a broader societal sense was a relatively new phenomenon (for some authors it originated in the late 18th century, for others in the early 19th century). Earlier, the nation did exist but it was not firmly established and remained “salient.” On the basis of the 19th century sources, this article analyses some major topics of the Romantic period discourse on nation. These issues included, first of all, the meaning of national awareness and understanding of this idea as time progressed. Moreover, questions concerned the exact moment when a conscious picture of a national community came to exist, thus certifying that a mature form of nation finally originated. Moreover, this romantic discussion concerned spatial conditions of the development of national awareness (dependence of the distance from the national centre) and focused on social acceptance of this idea. According to romantic authors, the process of self-definition of a nation consisted of two stages. First, national identification was not intellectual but sensual; only at a later and more sublime stage; mature national awareness came to exist. As far as a more practical aspect of this issue goes, the contemporary aim was to expand national awareness gradually so that it could possibly be experienced by all members of nation, and not only by its political and intellectual elites.

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Contested Notions of National Identity, Ethnic Movements And Democratization in Iran

Author(s): Ozum Yesiltas / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Since the Constitutional Revolution of 1906, successive regimes in Iran promoted competing conceptions of Iranian national identity. However, the policy of promoting nationalism as a state-sponsored ideology that excludes Iran’s ethnic and religious diversity remained unchanged. Competing discourses around nation building and identity strikingly intersect with the struggle for democratization in Iran. Since the Islamic Revolution, the pro-democracy movement in the country takes place on two fronts: the confrontation between the conservatives and the reformists, and the challenge posed by the ethnic movements towards the official denial of the ethnic and religious diversity of Iran. This article argues that be they reformist or conservative, successive governments in Iran have refused to recognize the multi-ethnic structure of Iranian society and the legitimate rights of the ethnic groups. Therefore, a regime change would be unlikely to alter the social and political status of ethnic and religious minorities unless the ethnic movements and the pro-democracy opposition collaborate. Formation of a common discourse on the question of ‘Iranianness’ is the primary condition for this to be accomplished.

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Everyday Nation-Building In The Post-Soviet Space

Author(s): Oleksandra Seliverstova,Emilia Pawlusz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This article presents a methodological approach to the study of nation-building in everyday life in the post-Soviet region. Although bottom-up and informal mechanisms of creating identity have been acknowledged in the literature and methodology of nationalism studies, they have seldom been applied to studies in the post-Soviet countries. This article discusses the strengths and limitations of such an approach, using the example of two studies – on consumption and national identity in Ukraine and on music and nation-building in Estonia.

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Manjinski nacionalizam kao izazov političkoj integraciji: slučaj Srbije

Author(s): Milena Milosavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 12/2015

This paper discusses the reasons for the emergence of minority nationalism. In the analisis of minority nationalism , broader political context is taken into account. Throughout the history of Serbia, the political leaders managed minority nationalism by changing the institutional design. However, the institutional design could balance the minority nationalism. The same institutional arrangements in the West and in Eastern Europe, did not give similar results. In the past, institutional design was created in such a way to satisfy the minority interests. Changing the institutional design has always caused the reaction of the minority members.

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Kategorie "początku i końca dziejów" w serbskiej historiozofii – dominanty problemowe i metodologiczne

Author(s): Dorota Gil / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2014

In this study, the most representative and (importantly) not easily methodologically categorised historiosophical concepts of the Serbian state and nation are taken into consideration. Among these, the most elementary point of reference is that of “the beginning and end”. On the one hand the Serbian philosophy of history – dependant both on common historiosophical concepts and native ideas – demonstrates its connections with orientations of a post-Hegelian background; while on the other connections can be seen with the Providentialist historiosophy dominant in the first part of the 20th century in Serbia and, nowadays, taking into account history in Soteriologic and Eschatological terms – Christian historiosophy (more strictly: the Orthodox theology of history based on the Russian pattern), as well as eclectic historiosophy referring to the contamination of indigenous folk tradition and ethicised Orthodoxy (which in turn synthesises mythic and messianic elements). Within all perspectives and methodological practices, the very thought enabling the whole history of Serbia and the Serbs to be grasped – referring at the same time either to constant casual mechanisms concerning the national consciousness or to the variously-defined national psyche – is co-constructed and present in all ideas: the concept of “the beginning and end”. Within this concept, several events and historical figures – forming a constitutional and basic domain of meaning with its potential as loci communes – are grasped: the beginning of Nemanjić’s state, St. Sava as the “Serbian beginning and end”, and the very central event – the Battle of Kosovo – within the transcendental frame – as the beginning of the cyclically repetitive “holy history”, etc.

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Vzájemná podpora, vzory a důvěra: role etnických sdružení při budování kapacit Vietnamců druhé generace

Author(s): Tomáš Knor,Tereza Freidingerová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2025

In this article, we examine the collective response to the challenges second-generation Vietnamese in the Czech Republic face. Second-generation migrants are generally expected to integrate easily. In the case of the Vietnamese, this assumption is reinforced by the stereotype of them as a model minority that adapts smoothly and achieves intergenerational upward social mobility. However, we argue that the life trajectories of second-generation Vietnamese are not so straightforward. On the contrary, they have to overcome various obstacles stemming from their hybrid identity and external and intra-group pressures. As a result, they experience various personal crises. Second-generation Vietnamese feel the need to take an institutional approach to addressing disadvantages by turning to ethnic associations. Based on qualitative research conducted in two Vietnamese youth associations, we shed light on the functioning and mechanisms of these associations. We conclude that the second generation establishes these associations as a conscious strategy for mitigating the effects of disadvantages stemming from their migrant background and uses them to collectively strive to increase resilience to external and intra-group pressures through mutual support and capacity building for individuals and the group as a whole. However, their goal is not to break free from the trajectory framed by the idea of a model minority, but rather to create space for alternative pathways to fulfilling the vision of a successful Vietnamese that reflect personal preferences.

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W kokonie państwa narodowego. Granice w dyskursie współczesnego ruchu narodowego w Polsce

Author(s): Grzegorz Radomski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2023

Th e aim of this article is to analyse the essence and concept of the border in the discourse of the contem-porary national movement in Poland. Th e term “national movement” includes groupings that refer to thetraditions of the Polish national camp from the period of the Second Republic of Poland. Contemporarynationalists, observing the transformations taking place in the world, seek to legitimize existing borders.Th ey justify them by demonstrating the role of the nation-state in international relations and by treatingsovereignty as a value that cannot be divided or graded.While a certain attempt to redefi ne their assumptions can be discerned in recent years, the basic axiomsremain intact. Among other things, the young nationalists include in their refl ections the process of global-ization, which results in a weakening of the role of borders in the terms of international law. Th ey emphasize,however, that borders transform and modernize but do not disappear: “just as human nature, which is itsorigin and raison d’être, does not disappear”

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