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Bosanska Krajina in the Bosnian Serb’s demographic projections of 1991 and 1992

Author(s): Jasmin Medić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

For Serb nationalists, the region known as Bosanska Krajina was of identified, in the run-up to the war as being of special strategic importance, primarily due to the need to establish a corridor through it, to the Kninska Krajina. The paper provides a brief analysis of how important the demographic composition and forecasts of this part of Bosnia and Herzegovina was for that policy; what kind of elaborations were created and what their ultimate goal was regarding the Bosanska Krajina - whether as a separate administrative unit within the “the truncated Yugoslavia” or as part of the Serb state west of the Drina river. The common goal of the protagonists who contemplated both of these options was for the Bosanska Krajina to be predominantly Serb and with only an “acceptable number of non-Serbs”. Since the focus of the work is on the projections made before the outbreak of aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, we will also refer to the actions of the Serb governing structures in solving the “demographic issue” in the Bosanska Krajina.

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DIASPORA AND THE COUNTRY BRAND

Author(s): Cristian Arhip / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

This contribution analyzes the image of Romania from the perspective of those from the diaspora. The questions and answers offer a quantitative perspective, but also allow a qualitative interpretation of the changes that must be made to improve the country brand. The survey highlights the positive and negative aspects resulting from the perceptions of emigrants, foreigners and those of the people involved in creating the brand.

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THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON COPING MECHANISMS OF THE ELDERLY

Author(s): Monica Andreea Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

Old age is the last stage of life and with the transition from middle age comes the need for adjustments in behavior and thinking in order to maintain good physical and mental health. It is important for older people to have adequate coping strategies to minimize the emotional consequences of such stressful situations and to adapt adequately to them. It should be remembered that aging itself is a process of physical, social and psychological changes and thus it is impetuously necessary for the elderly to have adequate strategies to minimize emotional consequences such as stressful situations and to adapt to them.

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The Policy of Urbanization Growth and Its Effects in the Albanian Economy in 1984–2020

Author(s): Nevila Xhindi,Teuta Xhindi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Numerous scholars have studied the connection between urbanization and economic growth for particular nations or regions. In their research, urbanization is considered both a cause and a consequence of the process of economic development. By continuing to experience significant economic growth, Albania has recently set itself apart from the other Balkan nations. Urban areas, particularly those that have expanded substantially, have seen the repercussions of such a transformation – both positive and negative – in the economic and spatial realms as well as in people’s daily lives. Although there is a considerable correlation between urbanization and economic growth in other countries, Albania has yet to address the question of whether urbanization drives economic growth or vice versa – they are independent of each other. The analysis of the connection between urbanization and economic growth in the Albanian reality in the years 1984–2020 is the main goal of the article. World Bank data for the years 1984–2020 were used for this purpose. The methods used are the regression analysis and the Granger causality test.

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CHANGING FERTILITY PATTERNS IN EUROPE - A PERIOD ANALYSIS (1960-2020)

Author(s): Stanislava Moraliyska-Nikolova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between TFR, delayed births and indicators of the average age of mother at childbirth in the conditions of postponement parenthood transition throughout the analysed period. An attempt was made to assess the immediate impact of changes, specifically at the end of the period considered, on cross-sectional fertility rates. Based on the relevant indicators, similarities and differences in the dynamics of the observed processes in the European countries were studied. According to the established similarities in the trends of the considered indicators, groups of countries were formed in which the transition started at the same time and in a relatively close socio-economic context. In this study, more detailed attention was paid to the very pronounced recent postponement of births observed in 2020, when the global Covid-19 pandemic unfolded in Europe at the beginning of the year.

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Zanim skrystalizował się zakres badań, czyli o rozwoju nauk o człowieku i rasach ludzkich na ziemiach polskich w drugiej połowie XIX wieku

Author(s): Katarzyna Wrzesińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2021

The article describes the debate of Polish scholars about the purposes and scope of research in the field of anthropology. A number of factors had an impact on the course of this debate and its diverse conclusions. The second half of the 19th century marks an initial period of the development of this branch of study. First anthropologists were physicians from profession and that is why the emphasis was put on the significance of research concerning the physical aspect of humans and the division of humans into different races. At the same time, a need to combine biology with culture and social life of humans arose. This approach was to be supported with the use of sciences considered as auxiliary to physical anthropology such as history, ethnography, ethnology, sociology, linguistics, and archeology. The reception of the Western science did not offer readymade patterns. In fact, in the West, a number of established scholarly attitudes existed simultaneously, and were shaped by independent specific national traditions. Moreover, the split of human sciences into separate disciplines had not been completed yet. Accordingly, synonymic terms such as anthropology, ethnology, and ethnography were still in use interchangeably in Poland.Polish scholarly writings as well as works popularizing science – both are sources of material in this article – played a significant role in elaborating a way to understand the emerging human sciences. The problem of anthropology was thus introduced and a wider circle of readers became interested in it. Without independent Polish studies and without the reception of foreign research during the period of partitions in Poland, human sciences would not have developed after 1918 in the sovereign Polish Republic.

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Zasługi Karola Linneusza dla postępu nauk farmaceutycznych w XVIII w.

Author(s): Jacek Drobnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Fundamentals of Linnaean taxonomy were established from the late 1730s and had a gradual ordering impact on all plant knowledge of the time. Pharmaceutical botany was enlivened by the following assertions, ideas or publications issued by Linnaeus: 1) the sexual system as a tool for practical identifi cation of genera; 2) the genera were newly defi ned or corrected to build a clear system; 3) botanists were encouraged to construct and study a natural system of genera which was expected to reveal similarities in pharmacological actions (as analogous to morphological similarities of allied species); 4) a critical and minimalist review of medicinal species and their therapeutical uses was published; 5) the synonymy of species was rectifi ed by selecting only good and suffi ciently descriptive polynomials; and fi nally 6) it became the new scientifi c standard to typify the name and description of a species on a proof sample, the role of which began to be played by a herbarium specimen of a plant, called a type. The practice of assigning binominal names to known or newly described species enabled botanists to place them immediately in the sexual system (by assigning a generic name, the genus was ranked in terms of fl ower structure). The increase in the number of medicinal plant species at the end of the 18th century was the result of a desire to make the knowledge complete and modern, and to add new facts about related species in a wellorganized form. Canons for the experimental and clinical study of effects of known and new medicinal plants on healthy and sick patients were being developed. The introduction of many new species into practical therapy took pharmacy by surprise, as the pharmacist had to learn to recognise medicinal plants previously unknown to pharmacy, which was not without its mistakes. Misrecognised plants that became drug ingredients could exert unintended effects in therapy, undermining the authority of physicians, hindering the evaluation of drugs and threatening to fl ood scientifi c pharmacy with a stream of erroneous knowledge. Continued practical self-education of pharmacists in the fi eld of plant taxonomy was therefore claimed.

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Drzewa w ludowym obrazie świata. Przyczynek do badań nad wierzeniami ludowymi o drzewach, ich stosowaniu w magii i lecznictwie

Author(s): Elżbieta Szot-Radziszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The subject of the article are folk beliefs concerning trees and their use in magic and medicine. The source basis for the presented descriptions, analyzes and interpretations are materials obtained during ethnographic field research in the Kielce region, which I conducted in 2010–2021, and published works. In the article I present cultural images of selected trees functioning in the minds of the inhabitants of Kielce villages. The analysis of the acquired ethnographic materials made it possible to find out how people think about trees as important elements of the cultural landscape, how they perceive them, what beliefs they connect with, and in the treatment of what ailments they use them. The phenomenon of a tree in folk culture results both from the mythical worldview, i.e. specific attitudes of rural residents towards natural phenomena, as well as from the specific features that trees have.The most important aspect determining the place of trees in the folk image of the world is their personification, ascribing to them the mediating features of the cosmic tree and the tree of life. Hence their significant position in the mental picture of the world and rich symbolism manifested in magical and religious rituals, vegetation rituals and healing practices with the participation of trees.

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Etnobotanika, etnomedycyna i etnografia w Polsce

Author(s): Zbigniew Libera / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article describes a selected ethnologist’s point of view on ethnobotany and ethnomedicine: 1. by what citeria are Possible assessments of the rationality and effectiveness of plant medcines in folk culture, 2. what are the folk justifications for choosing plants for specific purposes, for medicinal purposes.

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Reintroducing disadvantaged districts into the urban fabric

Author(s): Alexandra LUNGU / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2022

Along with the increasing urbanization of cities, urban development management has been hampered, or in a best-case scenario, limited. In metropolises,without efficient management of built spaces and town area, things can get out of hand easily. This is the case for disadvantaged districts, also called “ghettos” or notorious neighborhoods. What does this mean for cities and how can these districts be reintroduced in the city when, right now, they represent a barrier, a border inside the city? The Danish government has started in 2004 a series of initiatives to solve the “problem areas” situation. The complete strategy was published in2010, called “The Danish Ghetto Strategy”, a document created in order to regulate disadvantaged areas, its purpose being diminishing the socio-economic differences between living areas. The Danish Initiatives can have a favorable result in further developing methods, policies, and strategies for increasing the quality of living areas, the shared perspective on notorious neighborhoods, improving the urban image, and the social repercussions of living in such a neighborhood. This article will focus on the successful case of Rosenhøj district in Denmark and how this strategy model can be applied in Romania.

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Wprowadzenie: Bio-aktywne rumowisko historii cz. II. Jak zapamiętać zgliszcza?

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

Introduction: Bio-active debris of history, part II. How to remember the ruins?

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On the Topography and Demography of the Prague Jewish Town Prior to the the Pogrom of 1389

Author(s): Alexandr Putík / Language(s): English Issue: 1/1995

The aim of this study is, in first place, the reconstruction of the size of the Prague Jewish Town (Jewish Quarter of the Old Town of Prague) from the fifties to the eighties of the 14th century. Determining the size and number of houses in the Ghetto forms the basis for a more realistic estimate of the number of Jewish inhabitants in the period prior to the pogrom of 1389. To the extent needed to attain the main aim, this study touches on questions about the beginning of the Jewish Quarter.

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Communications

Author(s): Vladimir Sadek / Language(s): French Issue: 2/1968

1. La nouvelle exposition du Musée juif d’Etat „Millenium judaicum bohemicum“ (Libretiste: Doc. dr. Vladimir Sadek, Architecte: arch. Bohumil Ulrich, Graphique: Jaroslav Béza) 2. Conférences d’automne 1967 du Musée juif d’Etat

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LA POPULATION DE NAUPLIE AU XIXE SIÈCLE. DE LA VILLE CAPITALE À LA VILLE DE PROVINCE

Author(s): Sebastien Marre / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2024

Located at 147 kms from Athens, in the heart of the Argolid plaine, Nauplie, Nafplion in Greek, is also known as Anapli, a seaside town from the north East of Peloponnese, built on a rocky peninsula and washed by the Argolid Gulf. The town of Nauplie represents a remarkable case of study for a historian as we are dealing with the former capital of the independent Greek state from 1830 to 1834, until it became a provincial town once the state capital was transferred to Athens. This rank in the administrative hierarchy of the Kingdom had a great deal of influence on its demographic evolution and also on the structure of its population. Besides, Nauplie has at its disposal wide archive resources, a rare asset in Greece. It should be noted that a variety of key resources such as population census, civil or religious registries, the dimotologia also known as citizens’ registries and even polling lists remain underexploited. The potential exploitation of these last resources can enable to explore the demographic history of this town of Nauplie.

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A life course perspective on suburbanisation

Author(s): Márton Z. Bagyura / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2024

The paper explores the dynamics of migration from city to suburban area within the Budapest metropolitan area, framed within the life course approach. This approach posits that life events and prior residential experiences shape individuals’ migration decisions, with a focus on the interconnectedness of residential experiences. The results, based on semi-structured interviews, examine the motivations and expectations of new residents of the suburban area for their new residences. The main drivers of migration to suburban areas are child-rearing and the pursuit of a more favourable living environment, mirroring conditions akin to rural childhood settings. Furthermore, financial constraints and real estate prices in Budapest compared to suburban areas also emerged as significant factors.

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The Prague Jewish Community in the Late 17th and Early 18th Centuries

Author(s): Alexandr Putík / Language(s): English Issue: 1/1999

The late 17th and early 18th centuries were a period of significant events for the Prague Jewish community, including the immigration to Eretz Yisrael led by Judah Hasid and the visit of Rabbi Nethanel ben Solomon. This study explores the state and church policies towards Jews, attempts at expulsion, and the impact of censorship and conversion pressures. It also examines the self-administration of the Jewish community and its response to these challenges. The archival sources reveal a more complex picture than previously understood, showing that the Messianic excitement of the Ashkenazic world did indeed reach Bohemia, contrary to earlier literature. The document provides a detailed account of the historical context, literature, sources, and demographic data of the Prague Ghetto, highlighting its significance as the largest Jewish community in Europe at the time.

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Uticaj migratornih kretanja na tržište rada u zemljama Zapadnog Balkana

Author(s): Marijana Maksimović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Migration is one of the most current topics in the world today. The most common causes include wars, or climate changes, while there are also migrations caused by economic reasons, and their goal is pursuit of better material existence, achieving a higher standard of living, better conditions of employment, education, and therefore better conditions of life. The subjects of this analysis are economic migration and contemporary migration trends, i.e. the immigration and emigration of foreigners to and from the countries of the Western Balkans (WB). Macroeconomic indicators point to the stabilization of labour markets in the second decade of the 21st century, although economies have been stagnating. The question arises whether this is a consequence of a higher rate of economic growth or is it induced by depopulation and reduction of the working population? The aim of the paper is to point out the necessity of managing migration flows in these countries and the need to guide migrants in the labour market. The paper consists of two parts. The first part provides an overview of previous research on migration, the concept and types of migration. The second part of the paper consists of an empirical analysis of migration in the countries of the Western Balkans and Serbia and their impact on the labour market and economic development.

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OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR THROUGH PRIORITIZATION IN THE PLANS FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPALITIES

Author(s): Vanya Bankova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The focus of the study is directed to the analysis of existing deficits in some of the plans for integrated development of the municipalities in the Republic of Bulgaria, having a direct relation to the development of a sustainable agricultural sector. On the basis of the identified weaknesses/gaps, specific proposals have been prepared to valorise the potential of this sector. Unpopular, "soft measures" aimed at realizing fruitful cooperation between interested parties have been proposed. Cooperating efforts of farmers, public authorities and civil society are the basis of this targeted cooperation.

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The Effect of Economic and Social Inequalities on Academic Success in Türkiye: Evidence from the Classical and Bayesian Discrete Choice Models

Author(s): Muhammet Kutlu,Özer Hüseyin / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of economic and social inequalities on academic success and to test whether the cycle of inequality is active through education. This objective is accomplished using classical and Bayesian discrete choice models for the sample obtained from Türkiye. The results reveal that students’ economic and social characteristics affect their academic success and that these characteristics are possible sources of inequality in education. According to the findings obtained from models employed in the study, income, private school education, parental education level, region of residence, neediness to work, and the level of happiness with the family were found to have statistically significant effects on student success in getting into the desired university department and university placement ranking. Additionally, the results are compatible with the studies that report that the Bayesian approach yields more stable and appropriate results with smaller standard errors and confidence intervals.

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Населението на град Ямбол от края на ХVІІ век в светлината на новооткрити документи

Author(s): Stefka Parveva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

This research is based on information obtained from two avarız defters compiled in 1694 and preserved in the Ottoman Archives in Istanbul. The documents reveal that the city of Yambol had a predominantly Muslim profile, with 82% of its population identified as Muslim. The non-Muslim community in Yambol consisted of Bulgarians, Jews, and Armenians. Additionally, members of the Crimean Tatar Giray dynasty and their subordinates were also present. The social composition of Yambol included individuals from the two main social categories: reaya and askeri. What is characteristic of the representatives of the askari group is that they were the overwhelming majority (65%) among the urban dwellers. The soldiers among them – local residents and displaced people from other parts of Rumeli, represent 58% of all residents of the town. This ratio allows Yambol to be defined as a “militarized” city in the Ottoman province. The study includes an Annex with the translation from Ottoman Turkish to Bulgarian of the avarız defter for the town of Yambol, dated May 26 – June 4, 1694.

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