Demographic-Historical Analysis of Persons of Ukrainian Ancestry in the United States

Author(s): Oleh Wolowyna / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Ukrainians are one of the least researched ethnic groups in the United States. Part of the problem is the turbulent modern history of Ukraine: a) changes of borders and territory divided among several countries; b) slow development of Ukrainian identity; c) short period, since 1991, as an independent country. This resulted in incomplete and problematic official U.S. statistics about Ukraine and Ukrainians. We review the data available and their problems, and present a demographic-socioeconomic profile of Ukrainian-Americans. The also analyze the impact of the latest migration from Ukraine on the established Ukrainian-American community and problems resulting from the bilingual, Ukrainian and Russian, characteristic of these immigrants.

Kritička procjena jednog viđenja eugeničkog nasljeđa u biotehnološkom dobu

Author(s): Tonči Matulić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/2005

The article is an expanded critical evaluation of a book Sudbina odabranih. Eugeničko nasljeđe u vrijeme genske tehnologije (The Fate of the Chosen: Eugenics’ Heritage in the Age of Gene Technology) by Darko Polšek. Taking into consideration that the author of the book a priori approves the idea of laissez-faire eugenics, i.e. of non-interventions into eugenics by the State, as his departure point, which means that total freedom of individual choice and decisions conceming the issues of birth, children and the quality of life - has been predicted, the author of the article tries to point out some unacceptable epistemological and ethical theses of such an approach to eugenics’ praxis. Namely, the author of the article demonstrates that the book does not offer convincing arguments, which should epistemologically, anthropologically, and, as a consequence, ethically, prove the main difference between the praxis of classical, so called, »rightist eugenics«, on one hand, and, so called, »new«, »private« or »leftist eugenics», on the other hand. In the article, the contents and the ideas of the book were followed. The author of the article makes efforts to mediate the main theses of the book, but sticking to its abovementioned defficiences, this results in critical examination and challenges to the book’s author visionary basic theses of laissez-faire eugenics.That fact, however, does not underestimate the value of the book as a pioneering work in Croatian language on eugenics, i.e. on libertarian concept of eugenics, and demands also significant intellectual and spiritual courage. According to the author of the article, in the context of libertarian concept, however, we have to deal with the certain praxis which transcends the border of specifically human and enters the spheres of in-human.

Przemiany społeczno-gospodarcze w gminie Kleszczów po uruchomieniu kopalni węgla brunatnego i Elektrowni Bełchatów oraz ich społeczna percepcja

Author(s): Anita Kulawiak,Andrzej Suliborski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article focuses on two main problems. On the one hand, it presents the changes that have taken place in the Kleszczów commune (Poland) in the demographic and economic sphere under the influence of the launch of the “Bełchatów” mining and energy plant in its area. On the other hand, it presents the contemporary awareness and perception of this place by the people living in the commune, with particular emphasis on social relations and the opinion of residents about its immediate future. The empirical basis of the study were materials and information collected during field and inhouse surveys. The source of data were both official statistical data of the Central Statistical Office for the years 1970–2020, as well as questionnaire interviews with residents of the commune and selected Internet forums of residents. The survey was conducted on a group of 130 inhabitants of the commune, which accounted for 3% of their total number. The analysis of the collected material revealed that the construction of the mining and metallurgical plant caused many irreversible changes in the geographical space of the Kleszczów commune, which concerned the natural and socio-economic sphere. There were also great population changes resulting from migration movements, which created a new, heterogeneous local community of the commune. Parallel to the stages of industrialisation and urbanisation of this area, the attitudes of residents towards their place of residence have also evolved.

Tułacze drogi polskich dzieci. Artykuł recenzyjny

Author(s): Witold Chmielewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2022

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the review article is to refer to the facts concerning the saving of Polish children in the period of the Bolshevik revolution after the First World War in Syberia and Manchuria, as shown in W. Theiss’s book, and comparing them with the situation of Polish children living in exile on a few continents during the Second World War in the context of preserving their Polish identity. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The article is to present some similarities of the situation of Polish children living out of the homeland in the period of the Bolshevik Revolution in Syberia and Manchuria, and their wandering plight in Mexico, Africa and New Zealand, as well as. The analysis concerned mainly facts gained from archival sources, appropriate for the methodology of research within the scope of the history of education. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The argumentation consists of two basic parts. In the first one – through the prism of the reviewed book, the author shows the children evacuation from the Soviet Far East to the homeland. In the second one, the author shows the situation of children in exile during the Second World War and their return to the homeland, which was a complex problem due to political reasons. RESEARCH RESULTS: A complete analysis showed the likeness of the plight of the Polish children living in exile and the concern to save them from being uprooted and the differences referring to their return to Poland. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The idea of return to homeland is timeless and still relevant. Its realization is in the emotional and deeply patriotic dimension, enriching the Polish nation and state, regardless of the historical period.

Zjawisko depopulacji w Polsce jako determinanta rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego

Author(s): Wiesława Lizińska,Roman Kisiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 44/2022

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the analyses is to diagnose the demographic situation in Poland in general, regional approach of the problem and in relation to the basic measure of economic growth and development – the gross domestic product index. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research problem is the demographic situation assessment and indication the depopulation phenomenon significance as a determinant of socio economic development. The paper uses a critical analysis of the literature on the economic development issues. Data on the demographic situation in Poland was analysed according to Webb’s typology, the phenomenon of depopulation, economic growth and development, using the GDP per capita index. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The first part refers to the importance of economic growth and development. The second – the argument relates to the results of analyses aimed at diagnosing, on the basis of data from public statistics, the demographic situation in Poland, in regional terms, in relation to the basic measure of economic growth and development – GDP. RESEARCH RESULTS: The unfavourably progressing demographic situation was diagnosed. The depopulation process is mainly generated due to the negative natural increase rate. 10 regions were diagnosed as dually depopulated. The dual or unilaterally active regions have an average and high GDP level. The demographic situation was most strongly created by the negative natural increase rate and the negative migration balance in 2 regions: with a very and an average GDP level. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION: The analysis showed an unfavourable tendency of the population decline, due to the limited possibilities of effectively stimulating the growth of natural population. Regions that are dually inactive are in a difficult situation. The direction of choosing the tools of socio economic policy can be found taking into account the fact that dually active regions have relatively more favourable and improving economic situation. It is also necessary to search for alternative stimulants of modern development, but also to create and promote the values of these regions in terms of living conditions, contributing not only to limiting the outflow of people, but also its inflow.

Mniszek (Taraxacum) w fitoterapii europejskiej i azjatyckiej

Author(s): Jolanta Marciniuk,Katarzyna Kowalcze / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The genus Taraxacum (family Asteraceae) belongs to the largest and most complicated apomictic complexes. So far, over 2,800 species classified in 60 sections have been described. The natural range of the genus is almost cosmopolitan, with monk seals found on every continent except Antarctica, but their distribution is very uneven. The largest centers of Taraxacum diversity are in Central Asia and Southern Europe. Species belonging to the genus Taraxacum have long been used as food. Young leaves are eaten raw in salads, and dried as an addition to teas or used as spices. Dried roots are used to prepare teas and a coffee substitute, while the flowers and infl orescences are used to produce syrups, wines and are added to beers and soft drinks. Above all, however, dandelions are valued herbal plants since ancient times, used in traditional European, Chinese and Indian medicine to treat liver diseases, kidney stones, stomach diseases, abdominal pain, diarrhea, cough, bladder diseases, gout, edema, and even cancerous. In the modern, very rich scientific literature, the medicinal properties of dandelions have been partially confirmed, but the results are often ambiguous and in some cases contradictory.

The Number of Lithuanians in Ukraine According to the Censuses of the 19th – 21st Centuries

Author(s): Ruslana Martseniuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

On the basis of population censuses covering the Ukrainian territory at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, the article overviews the dynamics of the number of Lithuanians and reveals statistical regularities. The importance and relevance of this study are seen in the fact that Lithuanians are not an accidental ethnic group on the territory of Ukraine. The relationships between the two nations have been evolving since the time of the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Both the ethnic Lithuanian lands and most of the Ukrainian lands fell into the hands of the Russian Empire at the end of the 18th century, and in the post-war years of the second half of the 20th century were a part of the totalitarian USSR. Lithuanians are still actively present in the modern ethnic palette of Ukraine, which is why it is interesting to investigate the numbers of this particular ethnic group within the territory of Ukraine. The main source of research is the population censuses conducted by the Russian Empire, Poland (1920s–1930s), the USSR, and independent Ukraine. The factors that influenced the quantitative changes of the studied ethnic group are indicated, and the ethno-demographic situation depicted in the censuses and its reasons are analysed.

ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF INVESTMENT AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEPRESSED REGIONS

Author(s): Marina Palkina,Valentina Vasilievna Kislitsyna,Konstantin Anatolyevich Chernyshev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Social and economic spheres of depressed regions develop unfavorably which, in its turn, leads to the negative pace of the national economy development. “Depressed regions” have a higher growth rate of investments in fixed capital per capita than the Russian indicators, but the growth of investment does not cause unambiguous changes in the demographic indicators of development. All “depressed regions” are currently characterized by depopulation and a negative balance of interregional migration. Thus, despite the growth of investment, “depressed regions” are characterized by a reduction in labor and demographic potential. The problem of analyzing the relationship between investment and demographic factors in the development of “depressed regions” is not fully studied today, which undoubtedly affects the quality and effectiveness of decisions made by state authorities to overcome the depressive nature of their economies.

Coronavirus and challenges to refugees’ resilience in Weimar, Germany

Author(s): Ruweida ALJABALI,Frank Eckardt / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2022

Corona came and hit the world while it’s already been undergoing several other challenges and problems to its resilience and sustainability. These global North and South crises have heavily affected people experiencing poverty and refugees. This research investigates the challenges to refugees’ resilience in Weimar, Germany. To conceptualise these challenges,we conducted 12 interviews with refugees and another 4 with relief workers in Weimar,Germany, between June-August 2020. The displaced reported many challenges: language and integration, bureaucracy, health and personnel, housing and refugee status, and social support obstacles. As these challenges are interrelated, their impacts on each individual and family have been different, and thus the level of refugees’ resilience has varied

Социоаналитическо просвещение: една възможност

Author(s): Miglena Nikolchina / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2023

Ankara Numune Hastanesi’nde Alman Bilim İnsanları ve Albert Eckstein

Author(s): Zeynep Yildiz Özlü,Süleyman Ünüvar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

After the War of Independence was completed, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk wanted to raise Turkey to the level of modern civilizations. The first condition for the society to progress in the economic, cultural and social fields is to have healthy individuals. After the establishment of the Republic, the former Gureba Hospital was transformed into Ankara Numune Hospital to provide health services to the public. However, professors who are experts in their fields were needed for this hospital. Since Anatolia has been at war for many years, there has been a shortage of qualified personnel. The government invited professors from Germany to Turkey as a solution. Important professors such as Eduard Melchior, Alfred Marchionini, August Laqueur, Max Meyer, Ernst Magnus-Alsleben and Albert Eckstein came to Ankara Numune Hospital. Albert Eckstein was assigned to establish the pediatric clinic at Ankara Numune Hospital. He laid the foundation of Turkish Pediatrics. He worked on epidemic diseases and child deaths in the country. During Eckstein's stay in Turkey, child mortality has greatly decreased. He toured Anatolia and its villages. He made investigations about infant deaths and epidemic diseases. He reported these examinations and presented them to the Ministry of Health. He explained to the villagers the methods of combating diseases. He has enabled the training of important pediatricians in Turkey. He left Turkey in 1949, returned to Germany and started to work at the Hamburg Medical Faculty Pediatric Clinic. This article aims to explain the contributions of German Scientists who came to Ankara Numune Hospital to both the hospital and the country's health policy. Especially the studies of pediatrician Albert Eckstein in Turkey and his achievements in the field of pediatrics were mentioned. Thanks to the work of German scientists, important Turkish doctors have been trained. Turkish medicine has always been grateful for his work.

Parohia greco-catolică Bistrița Bârgăului (1811–1920)

Author(s): Iulius Liviu Ușeriu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 43/2023

The Greek-Catholic (united) parish of Bistrița Bârgăului (Bórgo Bistrița) was one of the small parishes on Bârgăului Valley (Valea Bârgăului), located in a village with a majority Orthodox population. Based on parochial sources, the study analyzes all demographic aspects related to birth, marriage and mortality, both among children and adults. The analysis of mortality by age groups recorded similar developments with other communities of Transylvania. Illnesses, accidents, but also crimes disturbed the everyday life of the studied parish. The reconstruction of the demographic picture for the Greek-Catholic parish of Bistrița Bârgăului in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century can be broadly framed in the specific features of the other villages on the Bârgăului Valley.

Investigation of Aged Individuals in the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake in Turkey

Author(s): Gül KADAN,Rıdvan KÜÇÜKALİ / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2023

Aged individuals, who are among the vulnerable individuals in society, constitute an important group that should be protected and protected. The underlying reason for this can be thought of as the physiological and psychological states of aged individuals. Under these considerations, it was aimed to determine what happened in the earthquake disaster, which was the epicenter of Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık and Elbistan on February 6, 2023, under the opinions of aged individuals. Phenomenological case design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The study was conducted with 300 individuals over the age of 300 who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. 58.3% of the individuals participating in the research are male and 41.7% are female. 100% of them have encountered a disaster at some point in their lives, and 50% of these disasters have been pandemics. In the study, the data were collected with a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. At the end of the research, it was found that aged individuals were most anxious (n=300) and experienced anxiety (n=178), constantly watching television or reading the newspaper (n=180); In the 6 February earthquake, it was determined that they experienced the highest rate of willingness to help (n=300) and fear (n=290) and that they constantly watched television (n=300). In line with the results obtained from the research, it can be suggested that psychosocial support mechanisms should be effectively presented in the face of disasters, especially for older individuals.

Ларвени субекти и интелигентни роботи: отвъд сферата на изчислителното симулиране

Author(s): Boryana Bundzhulova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

In this text, I develop further the concept of ‘larval subjects’ that I have borrowed from Gilles Deleuze and used in my book Life with Dementia. Angles towards elusive attempts. ‘Larval subjects’ as pre-perceptive intuitions of the body as a whole, before the kinaestheses, coming before the work of senses that weakens and could deteriorate with age or as a result of health disorders. But even then, the ‘system of passive Me-s’ stays bare as a last fundament. It is in this quantum state, manifested e.g. by life with dementia, where, as I assume, sovereign forces are hidden that permit no computational simulation. In the same time, robots are more and more used as social assistants, companions governed by artificial intelligence, including the care for dementia patients. Here I seek, with no claims of being exhaustive, working answers to the following questions: Can intelligent robots fill in gaps in the everyday life of people with psychosomatic problems and more specifically of elderly people with dementia? What effects on the person with health disorders and the dynamics of the illness could have even the partial robotization of everyday care? What are those robots – enhancement tools (prostheses), simulations of pets, or artificial humans?

Наталитет – бреме жена у Србиjи

Author(s): Dragana Pejović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2023

Serbia has been facing a negative birth rate for several decades. The demographic problem also consists in the outflow of the population in search of better living conditions. In order to encourage women to have children, the state passed the Law on Financial Support to Families with Children, which significantly increased the parental allowance. The highest state officials affirmed this legal solution, stating that with the increase of this allowance, all obstacles on the way to raising the birth rate in Serbia have been removed. At the same time, they told women that there was no need for their employment anymore, as they could achieve their material existence by giving birth to children, because they expected high financial compensations for that. This message made it clear to women in Serbia that they were “in charge” of the “job” of raising the birth rate, i.e. that the role of a mother was still primarily reserved for them. This called into question the dignity of women in Serbia. Gender stereotypes, according to which the role of a caring mother is traditionally reserved for women, are present not only in Serbia, but also in other Balkan countries, and they represent a serious obstacle to the development of women and thus of the entire Balkan society. With this paper, we aim to point out how the demographic problem in Serbia is being solved in the wrong way by awarding cash benefits to women for childbirth, with the message that the role of a mother should be their only preoccupation because of the declining birth rate.

Izravni demografski gubitci Vukovarsko-srijemske županije u Domovinskom ratu

Author(s): Dražen Živić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 23/2023

The demographic, social and economic development of the Vukovar-Srijem coun-ty during and after the Homeland War occurred under the impact of the wartime demographic losses as well as the longterm demographic, social and economic con-sequences of the war and the long-lasting occupation of two thirds of the county’s territory. On the basis of available data, in this work the direct demographic losses of the Vukovar-Srijem county and their assessed impact on the demographic changes in the county in the „wartime” intercensal period (1991-2001) have been determined and described. Quantitative processing of the available digital database/application of the Croatian Memorial Documentation Centre of the Homeland War in Zagreb has determined that in the Homeland War, 3,636 pre-war inhabitants of Vukovar-Srijem county were either killed or went missing, which in comparison to the pre-war population figures (census 1991) results in an aproximate general war-time mortality rate of 15.72 per mille. Furthermore, through a numerical analysis the spacial, temporal and structural differentiation/selectivness of actual demographic losses in relation to certain parameters such as gender, age, nationality, pre-war residence of victims as well as to their places of death have been determined. The direct demographic losses established are a significant determinant of demographic changes in postwar Vukovar-Srijem county, particularly in the context of the strengthening of the overall and natural depopulation as well as the accelaration of population aging as shown in the postwar censuses (2001, 2011, 2021).

Human Development Index: Changes in East Central Europe, 1913-2010

Author(s): Stanislav Holubec,Béla Tomka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Studies on the long-term trends of quality of life, and more specifically, the Human Development Index (HDI), have thus far largely neglected East Central Europe, and the existing scholarship tends to be fragmented. The paper seeks to address these shortcomings in research by investigating the trends of the HDI in Poland, Czechoslovakia and its successor states, Czechia and Slovakia, as well as Hungary between 1913 and 2010 within a broader international context. The analysis is based on a new data set developed by the authors. The results demonstrate that the HDI performance of the later decades of state socialism was more moderate than it is commonly assumed.

Biologie a spiritualita v díle Davida Haye

Author(s): Karim Sidibe / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2018

The objective of this paper is to analyse the relation between biology and spirituality in David Hay’s concept, which follows the works of his predecessor Alister Hardy. Hay builds on the idea that spirituality is an integral part of human evolution and refers to the findings in neurotheology. The analysis of religious experience was the base for the concept of relational consciousness, which is a key part of the concept of religious education. Nevertheless, the merge of biology and spirituality is problematic in terms of epistemology. The existence of God and the realm of Spirit are the subjects of philosophy or theology. Biology is an empirical science and seems to be inappropriate as an epistemological base for them.

Statutární města ČR - sociodemografické změny v intervalu mezi posledními sčítáními

Author(s): Bohumil Minařík,Jana Borůvková,Jaroslav Dufek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2013

The paper is based on the previous research of the authors within solving a research intent lasting several years. It works with the results of the censuses of inhabitants, houses and flats and it deals with the time period between the 2001 and 2011 censuses. The subject of the analysis is the development of several chosen sociodemographic indicators. The basic identified processes are the ageing of the population and positive changes in their educational structure. The work has two parts. In the first one, the development is evaluated in the set of administrative districts of statutory cities as a whole, which is compared to the development in the CR as a whole and Prague, the capital. The second part deals with the differences in the development in individual administrative districts within the set. Besides the elementary graphic and numerical statistic methods, the cluster analysis is used in the solution.

Regionální rozvoj - Politika Evropské unie

Author(s): Darja Holátová,Petr Řehoř / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2005

The Czech Republic accession to the European Union is the chance and opportunity to achieve suitable social and economic level also at the regional and rural area. The article is based on research and performed statistic analysis of the demographic structure of the South Bohemia rural villages. The monitoring and analysis of the social and economic situation at the regional and rural area is the first of the steps in the process of the regulation and development of the Czech regions.