Struktura narodowościowa społeczeństwa II Rzeczypospolitej w pierwszych latach niepodległego bytu państwowego

Author(s): Zdzisław Cutter / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The nationality issues, due to their vastness and multifacetedness, are not precisely systematically conceptually and thematically. The resulting interpretive diversity still raises a lot of controversy and generates most of the dilemmas oscillating around the concept and definition of the nation. These terms also correspond to the concepts of national and ethnic minority as well as nationalities. The basic contents of the sketch, on the other hand, concern the formation of the Polish society in the first years after regaining independence in November 1918. A reflection of this state of affairs was the making of censuses in 1921 and 1931, which characterized the national and religious relations of the Republic of Poland at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s.

КРАТОК ОСВРТ НА ДЕМОГРАФСКАТА СТРУКТУРА НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО ВО КРИВОПАЛАНЕЧКИОТ РЕГИОН НИЗ ПРИЗМАТА НА ОБРАЗОВАНИЕТО (1991 — 2021)

Author(s): Martin Dodevski / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1-2/2023

Kriva Palanka, as a border town, has experienced a notable population decline, as evident in the 1994, 2002, and 2021 censuses. This reduction in population in the Kriva Palanka region can be observed and analyzed in relation to educational institutions, the number of students, regional schools, and their proximity to urban centres, among other factors. The representation of the younger population in the region and their access to education in the context of migration and emigration pose significant challenges for preserving a degree of demographic flexibility. Schools play a crucial role in producing educational and professional talent, who will subsequently drive social developments and situations both locally and nationally in the future.

Vynikající monografie o národnostních sčítáních v českých zemích v letech 1880–1930

Author(s): Jiří Křesťan / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2018

Review of: Kladiwa, Pavel - Kadlec, Petr a kol.: Národnostní statistika v českých zemích 1880–1930. Mechanismy, problémy a důsledky národnostní klasifi kace, díl 1-2, Nakladatelství Lidové noviny - Ostravská univerzita. Praha - Ostrava 2016, 307 + 440 s.

Po przemyśle. Humanistyka wobec bioruin i biogruzów

Author(s): Marta Tomczok / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article is a proposal to apply the concepts of biorubbles and bioruins in relation to post-industrial sites. On the basis of field observations and critical analysis of concepts such as post-industrial places, technofact, ruin or indunatura, the author tries to propose an approach closer to the non-anthropocentric understanding of landscape, in which the emphasis is primarily on the vital nature of destruction and waste.In the detailed part, the article proposes an analysis of artistic projects, e.g. Marcin Doś, Mona Tusz and Diana Lelonek, as well as revitalized or abandoned post-industrial sites (including the Grodziec cement plant and the site of the Orzegów coking plant in Ruda Śląska). The author presents the natural overgrowing of post-industrial rubble as an alternative to planned revitalization, which from the point of view of nature’s needs seems to be a much more successful action than the planned reconstruction of the ecosystem.

Konskription der Juden in der Herrschaft Veselí nad Moravou (Wessely a. d. March) im Jahr 1727

Author(s): Lenka Matušíková / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1996

The article explores a source of Jewish history in the Bohemian lands that has not been fully researched and utilized: the conscriptions of Jewish urban and rural dwellers compiled in the 18th century, with the aim of reducing the number of Jews. The article focuses on one example of such a conscription, conducted in 1727 in the domain of Veseli nad Moravou, which belonged to the Dietrichstein family. The author analyzes the data from the conscription, which provides information on the demographic, social and economic conditions of the local Jewish community, as well as its origins and relations with the lordship and the Christian population. The article also discusses the methodological problems and challenges of using the conscription records as historical sources, and suggests ways of supplementing and verifying them with other archival materials.

Metryki chrztów, ślubów i zgonów szlachty w parafii Stawiszyn w latach 1697-1799. Materiały do genealogii szlachty powiatu kaliskiego - część I

Author(s): Piotr Maciej Dziembowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: X/2023

This article contains 236 extracts from the parish register of the Catolical Church in Stawiszyn in years 1697-1799. Records apply baptisms (139), marriages (29) and funeral (68) of persons of the szlachta (nobility) descent. The article based on source material serve genealogical information about the nobility of the Kalisz county

Discovery of an Unknown List of Prague Jews who Died between 1749 and 1759

Author(s): Jiří Kuděla / Language(s): English Issue: 1/1993

This paper analyzes the recently discovered bills of mortality, a list of Prague Jews who died between 1749 and 1759, and compares them with other sources of demographic data. The paper examines the general mortality, the age structure, the seasonal fluctuations, the causes of death, and the family tragedies of the Prague Jewish community in the mid-18th century. The paper also discusses the impact of the expulsion, the fire, and the war on the Jewish population, as well as the role of charity care and the Jewish hospital. The paper reveals the harsh reality of life and death in the Prague Ghetto, as well as some notable individuals who left their mark on its history.

Erfassung der jüdischen Bevölkerung in Böhmen im 18. und in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jhs. und die Bestrebungen, den jüdischen Anteil der Bevölkerung einzuschränken, im Lichte einiger historischer Quellen

Author(s): Anita Franková / Language(s): German Issue: 2/1970

The authoress acquaints the readers with the anti-Jewish policy pursued by the government of the Austrian monarchy, who, in the course of the 18th and in the first half of the 19th centuries, endeavored to regulate the number of Jews living in Bohemia. The article describes the activities of the government committee for the regulation of Jews as well as some material preserved (lists of Jews, lists of Jewish “familiants“, and others).

Zur Statistik der jüdischen Bevölkerung im sogenannten Protektorat

Author(s): Miroslav Kárný / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1986

There are some discrepancies in the statistics from the so-called Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia containing data on the number of people subjected Nazi racial laws. The author is of the opinion that the Nazis wanted to conceal the fact that the mechanism of genocide was not functioning property (some Jews escaped, others were hiding), which was the cause of the discrepancies. He comes to the conclusion that the number of Jews saved from the Nazi genocide must have been somewhat larger than that given by H. G. Adler, a historian of Terezin.

How to Grow Stoneless Cherries, or What Parish Registers Hide Besides Demographics

Author(s): Piotr Rachwał / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The objective of the article is an attempt at a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the “incidental” material that is present in the pages of parish registers. This source is characterized by interdisciplinarity, but is most often used by genealogists and historical demographers. Polish historiography generally lacks a synthetic approach to this issue, especially in a broader territorial and chronological perspective. The paper uses the philological method, with elements of a geographic information system used for spatial data visualization. The source basis of the article is the record resource from the area of the former Lublin district. Over 600 archival units from 60 parishes were analyzed, including the two oldest parishes in Lublin. The oldest book begins with baptism records from 1582. The end point of the research was 1810. Based on an analysis of the content of the records, which went beyond the standard form of registering the vital statistics of the population, they were grouped. In total, nearly 100 entries were registered, classified as “casual” material. The highlighted content was assigned to six groups: spiritual life, economic life and parish administration; epidemics; war and politics; natural disasters and famine; extraordinary events; literary work.

The Influence of the Liturgical Calendar on the Seasonality of Conception in Early Modern Poland and Silesia

Author(s): Paweł Pietrowcew / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In the article, I discuss the seasonality of marriages, conceptions and first conceptions in early modern communities from the territory of present-day Poland. I looked for the influence of the Catholic liturgical calendar there. The source basis was the data published so far in the literature. The analysis shows that church restrictions forced the faithful to marry in the months immediately before Lent and Advent. This resulted in an increase in post-marital sexual activity during the period when abstinence was recommended. This conclusion weakens the notion that the Catholic Church controlled the daily lives of early modern Polish inhabitants.

The Operation of Natural Selection through Differential Mortality. The Detva Population during the Great Epidemics, 1831–1920

Author(s): Ján Golian,Grażyna Liczbińska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper centers on the infectious disease epidemics which swept through the Detva region, located in Upper Hungary (currently the territory of central Slovakia) in 1831–1920. The goal of this study is twofold: firstly, to examine the extent to which deaths caused by epidemics of infectious disease influenced life expectancy, the proportion of the deceased and survivors, and the probability of death in the Detva population, and secondly, to measure selection pressures through differential mortality, with a focus on deaths caused by infectious disease epidemics. We used individual information on age at death and causes of death in the Detva region, derived from the Detva parish records (N = 29,338). Infectious disease epidemics were the main regulator of mortality in the Detva region, as confirmed by our findings. Excluding deaths caused by infectious diseases from the dataset raised the life expectancy of a new-born and of an adult by 1–5 years and 1–2 years, respectively. The fraction of those surviving to the age of 5, the onset of maturity (15 years) and the onset of senility (60 years) also increased, while there was a decline in the proportion of deceased and the probability of dying. When deaths caused by infectious disease epidemics were removed from the analyses, selection pressures also weakened, as evidenced by the values of measures for the operation of natural selection.

Sex and Mortality: Changes in the Age Distribution of the Deceased According to Polish Press Obituaries, 1845–1939

Author(s): Marek Jerzy Minakowski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The paper traces the gradual transition from a society in which the age structure graph for female deaths has two distinct peaks punctuated by an area of low mortality at menopause (as if menopause reverses the trend, giving women a new life expectancy), to a model in which the age structure for men and women is similar, but women die later. The change observed was that the local minimum for female deaths (aged 41–45) remained the same, but one of the maxima (the group of women for whom life expectancy ended at the end of childbearing age) disappeared. Male deaths do not exhibit such a pattern, which can account for why men have benefited much less from the increase in life expectancy. The analysis is based on 470,000 Polish newspaper obituaries from 1845 to 1939 in which 205,000 people were listed, and from these 165,000 were selected for whom the age at death is known.

Famine in the Kingdom of Poland in the Mid-19th Century, Exemplified by the Augustów Governorate

Author(s): Szymon Antosik / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article discusses the demographic consequences of crop failures in the northeastern districts of Augustów Governorate in late 1845 and early 1846. It also raises the question of assessing the reliability of the sources that recorded vital statistics in the Russian partition, which revealed many inconsistencies in the registration of deaths, and notes the need for a critical approach when using them. Also highlighted was a wave of famine-induced emigration of peasants and the need for further and in-depth research into demographic crises in mid-19th century Polish lands.

Reporting Infant Deaths at the Szczecin Civil Records Office in the Late 19th Century: General Conclusions

Author(s): Dawid Dziuba / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The purpose of this article is to analyze the structural characteristics of the information held in Civil Registry Office records on people reporting the death of an infant. Some fifteen thousand death records held at the CRO in Szczecin (Stettin) at the end of the 19th century were examined in order to answer the fundamental question of what research information is provided by people reporting the death of an infant. The research shows that despite the sparse information in the CRO files on people reporting infant deaths, interesting relationships can be observed. These include professional or family ties between the notifiers and the parents of the deceased infants.

Małżeństwa w parafii Łapy w latach 1919–1939

Author(s): Jakub Dobrzyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article examines marriage in the Podlasie Catholic parish of Lapy from 1919–1939. It considers the occupations of the grooms, the age at which the couples married and the seasonality (monthly and weekly) of marriages. The source for the article was the Łapy parish registers kept at the Registry Office in Łapy. The registers of neighboring parishes were also used for analysis and then the results were compared with the immediate neighborhood. The article shows that when founding a new family, one of the main factors, together with the time of year and week, was the man’s occupation.

Zalety wszechstronności. Recenzja książki Violetty Hionidou, Abortion and Contraception in Modern Greece, 1830–1967. Medicine, Sexuality and Popular Culture, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, ss. 361

Author(s): Bartosz Ogórek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Recenzja książki Witolda Śmigielskiego Trwanie życia Polaków i innych mieszkańców krajów słowiańskich. Od epoki prehistorycznej po współczesność, Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2022, ss. 171

Author(s): Radosław Poniat / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Diversité ethnique et confessionnelle dans la basse vallée du Mureș au XIXe siècle

Author(s): Maria Alexandra Pantea / Language(s): French Issue: 3/2023

The modernization process, which also gained momentum in the rural world in the first half of the 19th century, especially in the villages located in the plain area, is also the result of the ethnic and confessional diversity in the Lower Mureș area. At the beginning of the 19th century, a late colonization took place here and new ethnic and religious communities appeared in the area, such as Slovaks, Germans and Jews. Their training and development strongly marked the modernization process and transformed the area into an ethnic and confessional mosaic, but it also produced major changes in Romanian society, which the newcomers influenced. The 19th century is one of prosperity for the Hungarian communities, which were older and consolidated. This is the case of the community of Pecica, where there was also a real Hungarian elite, from among which personalities such as Ormos Zsigmond or Klebelsberg Kuno emerged. At the same time there was also a demographic decline of the Serbian ethnic element. During the 19th century, Jewish communities appeared in the villages of the area, which played an important role economically, although they were not important from a demographic point of view.

Ci ludzie, ta ziemia. Tamci ludzie, tamta ziemia

Author(s): Magdalena Okraska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 695/2024

Na placu przed budynkiem Polskiego Związku Kulturalno -Oświatowego w Sibicy pachną smażone na oleju placki ziemniaczane. Słychać polski, miejscową gwarę i trochę czeskiego. Tego ostatniego używają zazwyczaj goście i członkowie rodzin mieszanych, bo obecni dziś na święcie ziemniaka to Polacy z Zaolzia.