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SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF POLARIZATION AND POPULATION DECLINE IN ROMANIA’S DEMOGRAPHY: 1992-2018

Author(s): Georgian Gutoiu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

After 1990, Romania experienced an important demographic decline. This transformation developed within the economic context of global capitalism. The present paper argues that this economic context causes significant spatial demographic disparities as the demographic decline does not occur uniformly across the country because of the economic polarization through which some areas concentrate more wealth than others. The spatial demographic differences are explored from a longitudinal perspective for the 1992-2018 period at the geographic level of 41 counties and the capital of Bucharest. Three important demographic phenomena are discussed: depopulation, internal migration and aging. The spatio-temporal evolution of these three is analyzed in correlation with the spatial economic polarization. Results indicate that the spatial economic polarization influences across time the spatial inequalities developed in the evolution of depopulation, internal migration and aging in Romania. Bucharest and other richer counties such as Cluj, Iași and Timiș show lower rates of depopulation or even display some growth, higher numbers of internal migrants and lower rates of aging.

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Długowieczność i zmiany maksymalnego trwania życia — wyzwania dla statystyki

Author(s): Wiktoria Wróblewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2012

The paper presents the changes that have taken place since the mid-nineteenth century to the maximum expected life expectancy and longevity in the world. In particular, there are discussed the limits of life achieved by the longest living people with proven longevity and the discussion that takes place in the literature on the prospects for further increases in life expectancy. On the example, of the “blue zone” author describes the state of knowledge in the field of behavioral causes of longevity. The summary highlights the challenges for the statistics resulting from change in life expectancy and longevity.

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HOMICIDE TRENDS IN MALTA FROM 1970-2018: FIRST FINDINGS

Author(s): Trevor Calafato / Language(s): English Issue: 5-6/2018

Homicide in Malta is not a common crime. Till the present day there is no academic research that inquires the trends associated with this heinous act. After analysing aspects related to homicide committed between 1970 till the latest in 2018, the paper aims at providing the first findings on homicide trends in the islands of Malta. The findings aim at providing the significant statistical outcomes related to homicide trends particularly in relation to the modus operandi, gender, relationship between the offender and homicide clearance.

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OBITELJSKA UBOJSTVA: OBILJEŽJA POČINITELJA I ŽRTAVA S OBZIROM NA SPOL POČINITELJA

Author(s): Mirjana Kondor-Langer / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3-4/2016

The inspiration for the paper and the problem(s) that the paper addresses: Violence happens around us every day. It appears in various modalities and at various intensities. The offender and the victim can be total strangers, acquaintances, friends, but also very close, that is, they can be members of the same family. The consequences of violence are varied. The most serious intended consequence of domestic violence is death of a family member. Therefore, seriousness of the consequences indicate the purpose of conducting research in the scope of murders of family members. The goals of the paper (scientific and/or social): The objective of the conducted research was to gain insight into certain features of murderers of family members and their victims. The focus, and also the goal, of the research was to identify differences in certain features of murderers of family members and their victims in regard to the offender’s gender. Methodology/Design: Secondary data sources were used for the research sample, namely collected police files of murders and aggravated murders of family members committed on the territory of the Republic of Croatia in the period from 1 January 2005 until 31 December 2010. During the research, a total of 113 murders and aggravated murders were analyzed. The research sample included 113 offenders and128 victims since some of the offenders had committed a criminal offence to the detriment of several victims. After the data collection had been completed, the data from the survey questionnaires were entered into the database in the SPSS statistical software (version 16.0), and after the data had been entered, a logical control was performed of the input. Research/the paper limitations: Limitations of this research are related to the lack of specific data in certain analyzed files therefore was formed the category “no data”. Results/findings: Conducted research showed differences in the age of offender’s gender, in education and employment of the victim, victim’s gender and cohabitation in regard to the offender’s gender. General conclusion: Considering the goal of the research, differences were found in certain observed features of murderers of family members and their victims in regard to the offender’s gender.

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Фармакоикономически анализ на медикаментозния аборт в България

Author(s): Dimitar Marinov,Evgeni Grigorov,Valentina Belcheva,Slaveyko Djambazov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The drug treatment for interrupting early pregnancy begins with the identification of prostaglandins. In the 1970s, many developed countries legalized abortion, which led to the development and active application of this healthcare technology worldwide. The cost-effectiveness method was used in the pharmacoeconomic analysis by comparing the costs of abortion of two of the most popular protocols and dosage regimens with the medicines available at the time of the study on the Bulgarian market and the costs of classic abortion. The eventual complications were also noted. With equivalent efficiency of the two procedures, the application of cost-minimum analysis (CMA) is an appropriate and logical choice. The analysis shows that the drug termination of pregnancy under the EMA protocol is (600 mg Mifepristone + 400 mcg Misoprostol) a slightly higher cost per patient compared to the surgical abortion if the procedure is performed during the first trimester of pregnancy (∆Costs = +10,61 BGN) and leads to cost savings for the patient during the second trimester of pregnancy (∆Costs = -90,96 BGN). Medication termination of pregnancy under WHO protocol results in a cost-saving per patient compared to surgical abortion, regardless of the period of pregnancy during which the procedure is performed (∆Cost = -50,43 BGN in the first trimester and ∆Cost = -156,60 BGN in the second trimester). Drug termination is non-invasive, highly effective, and safe, resembling the natural mechanism of spontaneous abortion. In most cases, medical abortion is cost-saving and can be considered as a reasonable alternative to surgical abortion.

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Multietničke značajke demografskih kretanja Osijeka i okolice na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće

Author(s): Zlata Živaković- Kerže / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2001

The felling of forests, the building of railway lines, and the development of transportation as a whole, commerce, trades and industry, and the advancement of agricultural practices and other activities drew laborers into the cities and villages of the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia. Settlers came not just from other regions of Croatia, but also Bosnia, southern Hungary (Vojvodina), and a substantial number from other lands of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Germans, Hungarians, Slovaks, Czechs, Jews and others). These demographic movements are representative of the significant growth of population from diverse ethnic origins or affiliations. Significant changes occurred in the settling of cities, as well as villages. Settled nobility, craftsmen, soldiers, villagers and merchants, who purchased or incorporated new properties into existing ones, mixed with the existing Croat population [the number of nobility is negligible]. With the emergence of a modern capitalist economy, zadruga’s disintegrate, properties were divided, and significant changes in agriculture, trades and commerce occurred. These migrations were influenced by numerous factors, especially political and economic ones, and participated in the alteration of many structures, particularly the ethnic structure of the population of Osijek. The total movement of Osijek’s population, and the alteration of its structure were in times of peace, in direct correlation with its economic and social development. The inter-census time periods with the greatest population growth were also time periods of the greatest economic growth. In the census of 1910, Osijek was multi-ethnic with four dominant ethnicities-Croats, Germans, Hungarians and Serbs. At the same time, there was little economic growth in villages, poor horizontal population growth, and a large share of the population was employed in agriculture.

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FRANJO MARIĆ, LJETOPIS KATOLIČKE ŽUPE ŽEPČE: 1879.-1999

Author(s): Marko Babić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2001

Review of: Marko Babić - Franjo MARIĆ, Ljetopis katoličke župe Žepče: 1879. -1999., Hrvatski klub Žepče - Zagreb i Rimokatolički župni ured Žepče, Žepče 2000., 739 str.

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PAY DETERMINATION IN RELATION TO LABOUR MARKET AND PAY STRATEGIES

Author(s): Ali M. M. S. Alajmi / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2020

In industrial companies, business strategy enhances the reward policy. In other words, the surrounding internal and external factors impact it. This essay focuses on three areas: pay industrial relation differentials, how pay determination relates to the labour market and organizational pay strategies, and how other institutions, such as trade unions and states, determine pay. In industrial relations, the various pay determination systems and structures must be understood and linked to worker pay methods, pay distribution across the labour market and employer attitude in recruiting and retaining employees. Controversies relating to pay negotiations have emerged due to concerns among employees, employers, trade unions and the state. Employers have created pay strategies, including pay grading systems, time and performance-based payment structures, to increase production and organizational performance and boost their managerial right to control. Nevertheless, those pay policies have faced barriers in accomplishing manager objectives since labour market costs remain challenging to quantify and measure. This essay outlines employee expectations and their response to employer pay decisions and whether job satisfaction or dissatisfaction affects productivity, motivating or demotivating workers. It presents the negotiations exercised individually or collectively with trade unions. Finally, this essay demonstrates how some pay policies, such as time-based pay structure, are easy to form, whereas other ones, such as performance-based structures, are not so easy to develop.

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OLDER CRIMINALS AND THE CRIMES THEY COMMIT

Author(s): Charles Hegstrom,Brian F. Kingshott,Michael J. Palmiotto / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2013

This paper examines crimes committed by older people. Older people may commit crimes committed by those in younger age groups. It would be expected that they do not commit crimes to the extent that those in their 20’s and 30’s do. With the older population increasing substantially in the decades ahead it should be expected that the crime rate of older people may also increase. This paper examines the crimes older people commit and their potential for committing crimes in the coming decades.

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PREDSTAVNICI STARIJE POPULACIJE KAO AKTERI KRIVIČNIH DJELA

Author(s): Michael J. Palmiotto,Brian F. Kingshott,Charles Hegstrom / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 34/2013

Rad se bavi krivičnim djelima počinjenim od strane starijih osoba. Starije osobe počinjavaju zločine koji su karakteristični za mlađe uzrasne grupe. Naravno, za očekivati je da oni ne mogu počiniti zločine u istom obimu kao kriminalci uzrasne dobi 20 i 30 godina. S obzirom na porast starije populacije, moguće je očekivati i porast stope zločina. U radu se analiziraju zločini počinjeni od strane starije populacije, kao i njihov kriminalni potencijal u nadolazećim decenijama.

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Socialinio kapitalo transformacijos / perimamumas šeimoje: daugiavaikių šeimų atvejis

Author(s): Meilutė Taljūnaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2020

The article is based on Coleman’s theory about social capital in the creation of human capital. Social capital is defined by its function. Human capital is created by changes in persons that bring about skills and capabilities to act in new ways. The article examines empirically the value of social capital in the creation of human capital in the next generation. The real cases of multi-child families are very helpful for this task. Human capital is approximately measured by parents’ education (partly expressed by their occupation as well) and provides the potential for social environment for the child that aids learning, occupation, values and norms. The use of the number of siblings as a measure of social capital expresses professional succession in the family, tests decline/growth with sib position, some tendencies of their emigration and family creation.

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Formal and Informal Care for Seniors in the Household in the Southern Gemer Region of Slovakia

Author(s): Andrea Seberíni,Miriam Martinkovičová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this paper is to analyse the formal and informal care for seniors in households in a selected region of the Banská Bystrica self-governing region in Slovakia – the Southern Gemer region which can be said to be „underdeveloped“. The data we have used for the analysis consist of 12 municipalities and one city. In our study, we focused on seniors aged 65 and over. The analysis of the availability of formal services in the field of providing social care for the elderly 65+ showed that the focus (main) responsibility in this area is geared towards informal care for the elderly in households, despite the inappropriate age structure of caregivers. Our research revealed the well-being as being an important determinant that requires the availability but also the quality of formal and informal care for seniors in households.

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PARTICULARITIES OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL MARKETS OF LABOUR FORCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Author(s): Galina Savelieva,Svetlana Zaharov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

This article presents the results of analysis of the particularities connected with the formation and development of national and regional labour markets of the Republic of Moldova. The research is based on statistical data on the number of the resident population and the population with usual residence, which reflects the real situation in the country, taking into account the population, that absence of more than a year. Evaluation of impact of demographic factors, including the population decline, the change in the age structure and demographic ageing, and migration processes, was given in the analysis of labour force market and the possibility of its reproduction. Economic factors have importance for the stable development of labour force market, including the state of production and social structures in regions, the development of different forms of property, the quality of professional training of labour force, as well as the level of remuneration or wage. As a result of a comparative analysis of the situation in the regional aspect, the main challenges of labour market were identified. The proposals to improve the socio-economic policies were developed, including to increasing of employment rate of working age population, reducing the regional differentiation of local labour markets, promoting new perspective forms of remuneration and, as a result, increasing the stability and sustainability of the above markets to exogenous and endogenous factors.

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TIME FRAME OF BUDGET PASSAGE: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIAN DATA

Author(s): Simon Ogaga / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

Employing descriptive analysis along with documentary evidence, this research investigated the time frame of budget passage in Nigeria and its implications on the economy since the time of her democratic dispensation. The enactment of the Federal budget prior to the new fiscal year is fundamental to quality governance. From the year 1999 to 2019, the different government administrations that have been at the helm of affairs have signed 21 national budgets into law (year 2000 budget to year 2019 budget). Of the 21 national budgets for the epoch of this study, findings reveal that only 14% of the federal budgets have been passed into law before the new fiscal year, while 86% have been delayed, with negative implications on budget implementation, the wellbeing of the citizenry and the general economy. Some of the consequences of a delay in budget passage are that it holds back private investments due to the fact that investors would be uncertain of the economic outlook for the forthcoming fiscal year, affects capital market activities and at the same time creates distortion in economic planning in the private and public sectors of the economy. It is recommended that there should be a constitutionally approved timeline for the enactment process which will be binding on all stakeholders of the federal budget process (and constitutional sanctions for violation of the approved timeline) in order to ensure timeliness in the yearly budget passage thereby creating the enabling environment for effective budget implementation and economic growth.

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Tarp socializmo kritikos ir vaikystės nostalgijos: sovietmečio atmintis aštuntojo dešimtmečio kartos gyvenimo istorijose

Author(s): Irena Šutinienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 46 (01)/2020

The article examines the autobiographical memory of the 1970s generation about the Soviet era. This generation, born in 1970–1979, is interesting for research because of its socialization in two different social and political systems: its childhood and adolescence date back to the Soviet period, while the beginning of adulthood coincides with the collapse of socialism and the restoration of democracy. Based on an analysis of life stories of the 1970s generation, the article explores features of memory of this generation, how it corresponds to the discourse of autobiographical memory of the Soviet era, as well as the generation’s role in the intergenerational transmission of Soviet-era family memory.

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The impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) on the employment characteristics of Hungarian SMES

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The impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) on the employment characteristics of Hungarian SMES

Author(s): Peter Karacsony / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in the Hungarian economy as more than two-thirds of the total employee number are employed by SMEs, and their productivity represents more than half of the national economy. The main purpose of this study is to determine the impact of Covid-19 on small- and medium-sized enterprises in Hungary. In other words, how has the life of small and medium-sized enterprises been changed by the coronavirus in Hungary? During the research 383 managers filled out the online questionnaire. It was confirmed that the coronavirus had a significant effect on the Hungarian enterprises and caused several changes in employment. The major impact of the coronavirus was on the workforce number and employment method.

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ДЕМОГРАФИЯ РУССКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ КОЛЬСКОГО УЕЗДА ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ВЕДОМОСТИ 1764 ГОДА

Author(s): Daria A. Chaplygina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2021

The problem presented in the title of the article lies within the framework of the current historiographical trend – the historical demography of Russia. The study of statistical sources makes it possible to reveal the size and structure of the population, its dissemination, marriage and family relations, age, and some regional features of demographic development. The novelty of the research is associated with the fact that historiography lacks special studies on the demography of the Kola uyezd – the outskirts of the Russian North with the multiethnic population – between the XVI and the XVIII centuries. The object of the research was the statistical register of 1764, compiled by order of the Arkhangelsk Governor E. A. Golovtsyn. The register covers all the settlements of the Kola uyezd, regardless of their ethnic composition (Russian, Sami or Karelian), and includes data on the households, the composition of families inhabiting them, their economy, occupations and activities. The study resulted in the following conclusions: the register recorded the growth of the Russian population (the number of men) in the uyezd in comparison with the data of the first census revision of 1719; most of the households were represented by one family, with a direct kinship family including two generations of relatives being the predominant family type. Subsequently, the study of the demographic development of the Sami and Karelians will make it possible to compare the available results and to reveal the peculiarities of the population composition of the Kola uyezd in the second half of the XVIII century.

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E-HRM TO OVERCOME HRM CHALLENGES IN THE PANDEMIC

Author(s): Jihad Fraij / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2021

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has severely affected the globe. The workplace transformed to be an online place. This work was led to examine the impact of COVID-19 on Human Resources Management (HRM) practices in a developing country (Jordan). This study examines, in particular, the impact of the COVID-19 on employee Recruitment, Training, and management of performance and compensation. The in-depth semi-structured interview method has been employed in this research. The study's purpose was to interview 30 Jordanian human resources practitioners who collected information through interactive online interviews. Because of the COVID-19 instructions, the researchers used video and voice calls to ask open-ended questions. The study found that COVID-19 significantly reduced the number of employee recruitment activities. To protect employees from contact with the disease prior to the outbreak, employee training programs have been cancelled. Only some organizations were able to use online training, which would be the best alternative, because of a lack of facilities. The participants were asked if e-learning would work as well as face-to-face training methods. Performance management has become more challenging. In the study, the staff was not able to achieve initial targets because of disease-related disruption. The monitoring of employee performance for organizations that chose to work from home has been difficult, and practice raised concerns about work-life balance problems. Concerning COVID-19, some of its financial obligations had not been carried out by organizations. In the study, e-HRM has been recommended to minimize physical interactions between individuals, as well as to engage employees in crisis-management strategies.

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POBAČAJ I DRUGI NAČINI PREKIDA LJUDSKOG ŽIVOTA U SVJETLU CILJEVA ŠERIJATA

Author(s): Enes Ljevaković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 16/2012

Bosnia and Herzegovina in the last few decades faces the problem of so-called "white plague", i.e. the problem of poor demographic population growth. There are several causes of this negative trend when it comes to population growth, and one of them is the increase in the number of abortions. Modern states have different laws and regulations on abortions, ranging from absolute prohibition of abortion with the possibility of exercise it only for the purpose to protect pregnant women, through its legalization in clearly defined cases to the broad set of options for performing an abortion on request of the pregnant woman and finally to complete legalization of abortion. Our legislative as well as the majority of European legislations in principle allow an abortion, but at the same time restrict certain conditions.

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Prof. Dr. Hivsi Islami «The village of Kosova» - Kontribut për studimin sociologjiko-demografik të evolucionit rural

Author(s): Mark Tirta / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 01al/1987

Review of: Prof. Dr. Hivzi Islami, FSHATI I KOSOVËS - kontribut për studimin sociologjiko-demografik të evolucionit rural. «Rilind ja», Prishtinë, 1985, 279 faqe. Review by: Mark Tirta

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