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The problems of immigration have a significant influence on the social structure, socio-economic development and political processes in the contemporary Europe. The article describes the main dimensions of the impact of migrations on the socio-political situation in the EU countries.
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International human capital mobility has become a focal point in international political agenda, due to the increasing relevance of science-based economy. Therefore, highly skilled migrants have turned to be a strategic factor strongly requested, especially when considering the distortion in the international labor market characterized by the mismatch between the supply and demand of skilled human capital occurring in several emerging and advanced economies. To this end, national authorities have implemented a system of attraction policies, in order to cope with this talent shortage, giving rise to a competition for the brightest and most talented professionals. The paper intends to shed a light on some of the causes that have produced this global competition – for example the increasing ageing population in the advanced countries – in order to illustrate how the several international actors have reacted. In particular, the author will attempt to analyze and compare the several policies carried out by some leading countries, such as Germany, Singapore, UAE, having the aim of a deeper comprehension of their attraction capability.
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The migration of the population is a complex process, influenced by many facts that determine the intensity of the migration flaws, that lead to multiple effects , most likely unwanted , on that certain population. After the falling of communism, Romania and Poland were the biggest providers of migrants. In this more than twenty years after, Romanian migration has become a mass phenomenon, with huge involvments at the Romanian society level. Romanian migration knows different European directions, but also non- European ones. In Europe, Romanians first turned towards countries like Turkey, Israel, Hungary and Germany, then Italy and Spain. Non European countries that Romanians constantly oriented to are the United States of America and Canada. The study follows a presentation of the Romanian migration process in general, focusing on the migration to Canada, from a social wiew. Romanian migration is various and highlighted. If in the beginning it was predominant male, it now reaches the equality of the gender categories. There is also a orientation on activity fields. Men in building, agriculture and industry, women in taking care of people, housekeeping, agriculture and accommodation services. The reviews on the Romanian migrants start to appear after 2007.
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Measuring territorial disparities is the first step in studies aiming to improve territorial cohesion. As intraregional disparities are often higher than inter-regional ones, an analysis of development at local level is needed in order to define areas of intervention for specific targeted policies. The aim of this study is to individualise deprived areas in Romania’s South West region through the use of the Principal Component Analysis run on 15 social, economic, demographic and physical indicators defined at local level (LAU 2 units). By computing a global index of deprived areas, 13 areas were individualised at regional level, with the results being compared with other studies on deprived areas (Romania’s poverty map, Social Development Index and Less-favoured areas). The final output showcased the differences in defining deprived areas according to the used methodology, with a need to standardise such methods for policy targeting in the future while also considering environmental quality factors.
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This paper is focused on the presentation of developmental tendencies of regional disparities in Slovakia in 2001 and 2011 from the point of view of selected and relevant socio-economic and demographic indicators. To test the divergence hypothesis of the regional disparities at a district level, these are evaluated by using multidimensional analysis of 14 indicators. The overall level and development of regional disparities are measured with the help of the methods of descriptive statistics and multi-criteria assessments (integrated index). The results confirm the hypothesis of divergence development as the basic tendency of regional development in Slovakia. The presented research has documented evident time shortening of significant changes in regions drifting towards divergent development. Rapid and, up to now, unprecedented changes (employment and wages growth, enterprise development, foreign investments increase, etc.), are evident and reflected in the majority of indicators – however, with different impacts on the regional level.
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Romanian youth migration is an increasing phenomenon, due to subjective and objective factors as economical reasons, professional career and increasingly more international competition for talent. In these circumstances, the present article aims to evaluate determinant factors that contribute to the decision of Romanian graduates to return national labour market. We sustain that young Romanians consider carefully and hardly decide their professional future. A particular attention is given to their personal reasons and motivations as well as family and friends network. For designing returning factors we present the results of a questionnaire survey, asking young pupils and students about their future educational way and personal reasons underlying the decision to study in a foreign country and taking into consideration the returning decision. As far international student migration is seen as a first step to migration for work, our work desires to fight for returning home of Romanian well-educated graduates.
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Ostaci ljudskih skeleta sa mezolitskih i ranoneolitskih nalazišta u Đerdapu imaju za antropologiju 'isti značaj kao i otkriće kulture Lejpemskog Vira za arheologiju . Mada to nisu prvli nalazi mezalitskih ljudi u jugoistočnoj Evropi, njihov broj i stepen očuvanosti omogućili su i antropološka posmatranja na relaciji mezolit — najstariji neolit. U ovom prilogu su najvećim delom obrađeni skeletni ostaci sa Lepenskog Vira u sklopu procesa gracilizacije (olakšavanje koštane mase koja učestvuje u izgradnji jednog skeleta). Ti antropološki nalazi, po J . Nemeskeriju (1969, 1078), pokazuju heterogenu strukturu. Oba glavna antropološka tipa — A i B — razlikuju se, рге svega, po robustiditetu koštane građe u celini. Neolićani sa Lepenskog Vira, koji se inače sreću samo na ovom nalazištu , okarakterisani su kao protomediteranci. Ovaj prilog obuhvata iblitoistatisitičko ispitivanje odnosa skeleta sa Lepenskog Vira (i pored malog broja uzoraka) sa uporednim serijama koje su mogle biti uključene u ovu antropološku analizu. — Ispostavilo se da neolićani sa Lepenskog Vira pokazuju mnogo manje veličinske mere u odnosu na predneolićane Vlasca i Lepenskog Vira (tab. 1). Ova konstatacija važi kako za mušlki tako i za ženski pol. Te razlike su nešto veće nego kod drugih parova obuhvaćenih skeletnih serija sinkronog vremenskog razdoblja (tab. 2). To bi onda značila da promene na Lepenskom Viru znače mikroevolutivni proces gracilizacije, da se, dakle, radi o promenama unutar jednog stanovništva. — Ova antropološka zapažanja su potvrđena i sa arheološke strane (Srejović 1981).
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Gradual growth of World population, the policies carried out on energy resources, the risk of depletion of fossil energy resources and damage caused by fossil energy resources to the ecological system accelerated the search of new energy sources. These searches have led energy companies to turn to renewable energy sources. There are energy companies that use renewable energy sources in our country like the other countries in the World. In this study, the financial performance of 15 energy companies that are registered to Borsa Istanbul between 2008 and 2017 were analysed, 16 financial statement items are taken into consideration as financial performance indicators. SD and WASPAS multi criteria decision making techniques were used in this study. As a result of the research, it is clearly visible that the company which has high financial performance has changed every year; however the company that has the lowest financial performance is generally Akenerji.
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The Berlin Congress in 1878 ended the war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, but above all the revision of the San Stefano peace treaty in order to prevent the spread of Russian influence in the Balkans. Austria - Hungary has been given the mandate to occupy and manage Bosnia and Herzegovina. The planned peaceful occupation was oppressed by the people, and the Austro-Hungarian army was given fierce resistance. Nevertheless, Bosnia is occupied with a large number of forces, but also civilian casualties. Official reports state that Austro-Hungary fulfilled the conditions that it bargained in Berlin, but the reality after the occupation was different from that which was found on the paper. The new administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina has made deep and radical changes in the socio - political system, but above all in the lives of ordinary people. The transition of a society that was going on very slowly and complicated had far-reaching consequences, especially on demographic trends in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Demographic changes after 1878 were the result of several factors, primarily the establishment of a new government, a new legal order, a cultural and social transition, and the reorganization of religious life. The centuries-old and, to the greatest extent, the privileged position of Bosnia in the Ottoman Empire was changed to the province of the dual monarchy with the supreme military administrator. The nation was not given the right to participate in the governance of its own country. Every change was pronounced and most often at the expense of the domicile majority Bosniak population. The fact that this period, as in the past, today has a great interest in studying from different points of view, I would like to give a brief review of the demographic changes that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina after its occupation.
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The review of: Mustafa Öztürk, Kur'an ve Yaratılış, (İstanbul: KURAMER, 2015), 264 s.
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The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical and practical principles of genealogical activity in the cultural and educational space of the university. Methodology. The methodological basis for scientific research consists of phenomenology, main approaches of analytical and communicative philosophy, systematic approach to genealogy as one of the cultural practices in cultural and educational space of the university. The scientific novelty lies in comprehending the phenomenology of genealogy in the integrated theoretical and practical context of pedagogy and cultural studies. The article substantiates the expediency of phenomenological approach application to genealogy in higher education; besides, certain aspects of genealogy as a phenomenon of Ukrainian higher education are elucidated and a para metrological model of the concept of integral genealogical activity during the period of higher education obtainment is made. Conclusions. Phenomenology of genealogy at the stage of higher education obtainment is close to the phenomenology of the creation of an individual history of subjects of the higher education system. Genealogy in higher education is influenced by numerous heterogeneous factors, including those that alter the meanings, which are generated by the phenomenon of genealogy in cultural and educational space of university, deforming this activity; therefore the quality of pedagogical support becomes substantially essential. The parameters of the model of a holistic conception of genealogical action in higher education institution include its integration into educational programs; subject domain; the genealogical component that is implemented in it; the type of pedagogical support; the result of genealogical activity and the way of its presentation.
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During the 17th century, the Slovak population began migrating from its motherland to the south and to the southeast of the Pannonian Plain. They settled in Vojvodina, and the settlements in which the Slovaks are still the most numerous are Kovačica and Bački Petrovac. The share of the Slovak ethnic group in Vojvodina grew until the mid-20th century, after which a noticeable decline was observed, especially in the last two censuses. The low fertility and migration of the young population reflected the change in the age structure, which in the long run is a key challenge for the sustainability of this ethnic group in Vojvodina, on which fact the goal and task of this paper are based. The focus of the paper is the ageing of the Slovak population, analyzed on the basis of age-sex structure, average age, ageing index, age ratio, age dependency ratio and age structure typology. The comparative analysis covered the period since the census in 1971 and it was established that the population of Bački Petrovac and Kovačica was shifting from the stage of the threshold of demographic ageing towards deep and deepest demographic ageing. These two settlements represent the anchors of the Slovaks in Vojvodina and the settlements of their largest concentration, so it is expected that the trends in other settlements, with a smaller share of the Slovak population, will only be even more unfavourable. The results are complemented by the demographic projections of this ethnic group at the level of Vojvodina, obtained in the DemProj Spectrum v5.47 software. According to the current trends and projections, the Slovak ethnic group has some of the most unfavourable age indicators, which could lead to a decline in the total number of this population by more than 30% by the middle of the 21st century, thus endangering its sustainability in this region.
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Researches of the Serbian border area have a long tradition. The centralist model of the state during the last century, in combination with a frequently unfavorable traffic geographic position, have strengthened the effect of barrier and isolation of the Serbian border area. The occurrence of depopulation in the eastern border, mountainous parts of Serbia, during the sixties of the last century, attracted the attention of the demographers. This led to the formation of stereotypes that border municipalities are isolated, underdeveloped and demographically endangered. However, the change of the borders of Serbia at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century led to the formation of new border municipalities. This calls into question the stereotypes about the Serbian border area.In domestic literature, the prevailing opinion that the Serbian border area is faced with numerous demographic problems, which include long-term emigration, and natural depopulation, leading to total demographic collapse. Regressive demographic trends have had adverse implications for demographic structures. However, the entire border area is not underdeveloped and demographically devastated, but in this area there are demographic "oases" with more favorable demographic characteristics. Also, there are municipalities with more favorable traffic, geographical position and economic indicators that exceed the national average.Highlighting the differentiation of the border area is crucial for an adequate political response to the current demographic problems. Public policy documents at the national level note the problems of emigration and depopulation, unfavorable human resources as an obstacle to development, but there are no precisely defined goals for their overcoming. Also, policies at this level do not respect the differentiation of the border area, both in relation to municipalities that do not have border status and between the border municipalities themselves. Some documents emphasize the importance of local self-government units, not as a substitute for existing measures at the national level, but as a supplement to them, based on the real needs of the local population.Public policy documents at the regional level are a positive example of recognizing specific problems of a particular area and representing the potential for an adequate political response.Positive examples exist at the local level, and that strategic documents most often include the phenomenon of insufficient birth and aging of the population. The problem is that despite noticing demographic problems at the local level, the envisaged measures are difficult to implement due to the limited revenues and budgets of local self-government units.
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Today’s regional roundup: Russia on alert over coronavirus; Iran and Ukraine; Chechen blogger killed in France; a historic “Big Three” meeting; and Baltic crowdfunding platforms in trouble.
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High skilled individuals (HSIs) bring valuable knowledge, skills, talent, and experience which are crucial to enhance innovation capacity and productivity. HSIs rarely compete with nationals in terms of access to public services and welfare systems. Their integration is usually not a major concern. Despite a growing anti-immigration climate, many countries still compete in attracting HSIs. Although they cannot change the physical environment, traditions, culture and location, policies affecting HSIs are of governments’ responsibility. Particularly migration policies are part and parcel of marketing efforts to attract HSIs. In this article, we compare approaches and programmes of Germany and Singapore, targeting HSIs. These two countries often lead the list of most attractive HIS destinations. This study highlights the main points of policymaking for attracting HSIs.
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Although the impact of remittances on poverty is a widely examined topic, only a few studies shed light on this issue at the household level, especially in the case of Bangladesh. This study compares households with and without remittance receivers to estimate the poverty impact of remittances on a regional basis. The dataset used for this study is the Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2010, obtained from a representative sample of 12,239 households, and collected by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Determining propensity scores from the estimation of probit regression, the average treatment effect on the treatment group has been estimated by using nearest neighbour matching and Kernel estimator. Both of the techniques confirm that receiving remittances has an inverse impact on households’ propensity of being poor. A regional comparison shows that this propensity is lower in urban areas (11.3 per cent) than the rural areas (16.3 per cent). In both urban and rural areas, per capita consumption expenditure and monthly consumption expenditure vary positively with remittance receipt of the households. Moreover, probit regression estimates that the probability of having migrant members in rural households is 2.8 per cent higher than that of urban households. On the basis of the major findings, the study reaches the conclusion that rural areas show more potential in terms of producing exportable manpower. Appropriate policy in terms of creating an enabling environment both in the destination and home countries should be arranged, especially to facilitate women migration.
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International migration has become more popular recently in the globalization context. The recorded number of international migration cases is much fewer than the actual number in the last few decades. Migration is considered to have various consequences in both origin and destination countries. Understanding the determinants of migration is necessary for long-term sustainable development policies. This study examines a causal relationship between health environment and migration flows by exploiting a panel country-level data set on health indicators and net migration from 1940 to 1987. An increase in life expectancy at birth has led to a decrease in net migration in the whole sample countries as well as in non-poor countries. By using global mortality rate constructed based on information on the reduction in mortality following the epidemiological transition in the 1940s as instrumental variable, 2SLS methodology allows controlling for endogeneity problem. The results are robust even applying various additional tests. Overall, health environment has a negative effect on migration flows.
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With domestic violence rates in Belarus among the highest in Europe and few legal protections, some women are turning to self-defense classes.
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International migration has continued to escalate over the last three decades, creating a risk of brain drain in developing countries. This paper reviews the extent to which the use of tax instruments to address brain drain can be justified in developing economies with large populations. Furthermore, it explores and assesses tax policy options that may be undertaken to prevent the emigration of high-skilled individual, namely the Bhagwati tax proposal, exit tax, revenue sharing and tax incentives. Five things can be concluded from the assessment of several policy choices. First, there is no stand-alone tax policy that can optimally address brain drain, in the sense of reducing the number of high-skilled individuals who emigrate. Second, most policies put more focus on the element of fairness to compensate for the “loss” caused by the home country. Third, almost every available policy requires better coordination at the international level. Fourth, all policy options require closer collaboration with immigration agencies. Finally, each policy has the potential to produce unintended consequences.
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The recent increased migration of workers has posed a brain drain problem on countries, which lose their citizens to more developed countries offering better working and living conditions. Lowering the tax burden on highly skilled individuals has been one of the most commonly used incentives by both developed and developing countries. The Government of the Republic of Serbia has proposed several tax incentives for providing a more beneficial tax treatment for highly skilled employees with the aim of keeping and attracting them back. The first part of this paper illustrates the problem of emigration, the effects of emigration of highly skilled workers, and the effects of taxation on migration decisions. In the second part, the problem of brain drain and its breadth in the Republic of Serbia is addressed, and a detailed elaboration of newly proposed tax incentives is provided. Furthermore, the author proposes an additional tax incentive.
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