We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Demographic changes related to the aging of the population affect many aspects of our lives. The prolonged life expectancy, the decreasing number of births and the development of medicine and universal access to medical services mean that the age structure of the population is changing. A wide group of recipients is a chance for development for many enterprises connected with senior and spa tourism. The purpose of the work was to show the regularity and perspective of the development of the senior tourism in Krynica-Zdrój. The work involved the analysis of Internet offers of accommodation facilities in terms of the specially prepared, dedicated programmes for seniors. We were interested in the types of offers, discount packages, possibilities of activity and leisure, as well as facilities and accommodation facilities for the elderly. From among the entire accommodation base in Krynica-Zdrój, based on data from the Krynica Tourist Organization from 2017, we analysed accommodation facilities (221), including: 4-star hotels (6), 3-star hotels (3), guesthouses (11), sanatoriums (14), holiday resorts (65), wooden houses (8), private accommodation (107), shelters (2), and a hostel. The research shows that the market for senior tourism is not yet fully formed. Senior tourism has been surpassed by health tourism, well-developed in Krynica-Zdrój. Owners of facilities should, however, pay attention to and specify a diverse number of offers for seniors. By expanding the company’s range of services addressed to seniors, it is possible to improve the promotion of the accommodation facility, thus increase the sale of accommodation.
More...
The article tries to identify the most important issues related to the formation of public policy in the field of support for dependent persons in Poland. It briefly discusses the most important consequences of the increasing number of people with disabilities, indicating that this issue is a public problem and is clearly present in the agenda of public policy. Attention was also paid to the diversity of stakeholders involved in the process of its formation, emphasizing the need to include the voice of dependent persons and their caregivers, especially in the area of diagnosing the needs for support directed to them. The second part of the paper also served to underline the need to take into account the perspective of dependent persons in designing care activities. It presents selected results of a research carried out on a sample of dependent people and their caregivers in the framework of the project dedicated to the development of standards of care for dependent people. Based on the results, an analysis was made of the adequacy of standard activities performed by caregivers and time of care in relation to the needs of dependent people.
More...
The authors present a paleoanthropological study of the necropolises from several 16th—18th century towns and villages in the western part of Russia. In this area and time period, the average life expectancy was very low. The lowest, 14.5 years, is observed in the population of the borderline fortress Blokhino-1 in Saransk County. The higher the infant mortality in the groups, the lower the average life expectancy. The infant mortality rate in different localities was different.The peak of infant mortality falls on 0—5 age group in all studied groups from the western part of Russia of the 16th—18th centuries. The representativeness of this cohort often depends on the mortality rate of children in the first year of life. The high mortality rate of young children was associated with a low level of medical development, lack of antibiotics, and sometimes with historical situations.Mortality in the first year of life, especially newborns, was the highest in the borderline fortress Blokhino-1 of Saransk County. The reason for such a dangerous demographic situation here was the historical purpose of the fortress and the task of the population to defend their homeland. Much less attention was paid to everything else. In general, the most prosperous demographic situation was in the village of Isupovo, Kostroma region, in the city of Kazan and on the territory of Nizhny Novgorod Posad near the Kremlin (necropolis on the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment) in the 16th—18th centuries.
More...
Objectives: This paper deals with important resources of state-society relations within European Union (EU) legal documentation launched in the last two decades: Directive 2001/29/EC (2001), Directive 2000/29/EC, Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 (2019), Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 (2013) and Regulation (EC) No 763/2008 (2008). Methodology: The study uses legal and conceptual analysis of the five mentioned documents EUR-Lex by exploring the different levels of the common legal provisions regarding information society, human determinants and social data using the IRAC method. Results and discussion: The results of the research exemplify that conceptual and policy issues discussed reveal a triple perspective: (1) the operational framework including data collection, information and communication within Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 related to: data sets and sources, data quality and transmission and access to information in accordance with the conceptual framework related to inner topics as categorized in Annex I of the mentioned Regulation: social, human and health indicators, citizens needs and living conditions, information society engagement; (2) the functional framework supporting other policy measures within Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 linked to the interactions with demographic projections and socioeconomic data; (3) conceptual issues enabled by the Regulation (EC) No 763/2008 including institutional (“building”, “housing” and “residence”) vs the individual perspective (“citizenship”, employment status, “family status”) and (4) the assessment of rights within the Directive 2001/29/EC and Directive 2000/29/EC. Conclusions: The focus of the state-society relations is illustrated by providing a multidimensional discussion on policy needs and measures launched for each selected document.
More...
In this study, I tried to identify some of the current challenges to the eschatology of the Church. The death problem in the era of biotechnologies and nanotechnologies generated by transhumanist philosophy concerns the course of man in an autonomous sense, emphasizing his immortality through technology. Death becomes a “biological option” and is treated as a disease technology can overcome. The present human nature is seen only as a stage in the evolution of the species. The mystery of death is linked mechanistically and autonomously to nature, not to the mystery of resurrection as a dogma of the Church. Man does not simply have a biological structure but an iconic-biological structure, his premises and goals being not in the multiple versions of the technological and computerized society but in the theological Christology of the Bible according to the image and likeness. Orthodox Dogmatics’ optimism regarding eschatology is based on its discovery in the Person of Christ and the Lives of the Saints. At the same time, Orthodox Dogmatics discovers the eschatological path of man on an optimistic note, generated by the face of God perceived not only as a Judge - a judgment that is actually in man, in the mirror of man - but as a good, merciful, forgiving, sacrificial and people loving Father. This perspective that outlines the eternal communion of eternal joy, human fulfillment, and eternal celebration in the light of the glory and immortal image of Christ and the love of the Trinity is distinguished from the immanent, dissolving, unpredictable and dehumanizing perspective of an autonomous “eternity”, pursued everywhere by the virulent action of death. The perspective of transhumanism on man’s destiny deprives man of the premises and the transcendent purpose of his being. Proposing the substitution of God by technology, which acquires divine attributes, transhumanism projects a self-transcendence, which is a pseudo-transcendence. At the same time, the death problem is not solved but only postponed!
More...
Organ transplantation is one of the most successful forms of medicine of the 20th century and can save and prolong many lives. Due to the fact that there are not enough organs for transplantation, the question of the criteria by which the organs are allocated was raised. In Germany, since 1970, rules have been developed regarding the reallocation of organs. Both the Roman-Catholic Church and the Evangelical ones accompanied this process of formulating these rules through studies and debates. The current study tries to present the main texts of these two great confessions in Germany, which present the position of each Church regarding organ transplantation, as well as a more delicate issue of brain death. The position of each Church is also formed by confronting medical studies regarding this problem. One of the most important texts, based on which the Churches have formulated their position regarding brain death, is the study of the German Council of Ethics from 2015, a study that is based on a study “The White Paper” of the Presidents Council of Bioethics from the USA from 2008. Analysis of this study and the texts of the two Churches will reveal to us how they relate to the criterion of brain death proposed by medical science in this two studies.
More...
Humankind was always, during its existence, in a process of transformation, and one of his main purposes concerns its beauty and health. Latins said “mens sana in corpore sano” encouraging beauty care and care about hygiene. Later in history, people discovered different ways of improving the way they look and to repair different deficiencies of their bodies. Even in the ancient world people were able to accomplish different surgical procedures on human body that we use even today, for example rhinoplasty. But, when technology was able to provide even procedures that could change basically the shape of the body, these preoccupations became a part of medicine known as plastic surgery. Theology has to express its opinion about the legitimacy of these procedures when it says that God created people to live in connection to the nature and that our life is integrated in a larger existence that this short time we spend on Earth. And, especially, that the purpose of existence is to achieve the Holy Spirit in full communion with our Creator. In this article we try to see how far we can use medical achievements and which procedures correspond to Christianity and what we shouldn’t use only because it’s possible to be done.
More...
The main characteristic of the population changes in Serbia since the beginning of the 21st century is increasingly pronounced depopulation. The difference in the number of births and deaths is continuously increasing to the detriment of births, and emigration traditionally exceeds immigration during the entire analyzed period 2002-2022. The problem in the analysis of population dynamics in Serbia is the lack of methodological consistency in the results of population censuses, so the main goal of this paper is the methodological harmonization of census data to see as realistically as possible the population changes in the period of the last three censuses in 2002, 2011 and 2022. Overall, the depopulation in Serbia is by about 135,000 higher in the period 2002-2022, if we correct the officially published data, while the importance of the negative net migration in the total population changes has increased to over 20%. Population decline is present in as many as 95% of the settlements in Serbia.
More...
The purpose of given research is to analyze the impact of demographic changes on the market of labour force and the financial stability of state social insurance in the Republic of Moldova. Population decline, including through labour migration, and ageing population process affect the age and sex structure of labour force, its reproduction and the quality of labour market. Demographic ageing of population is accompanied by an increase in the number of age pensioners, which on the one hand contributes to ageing of labour market and reducing its competitiveness, which requires additional costs for retraining of elder labour force to support the labour market and, on the other, leads to increase in social insurance budget expenditures on age pensions and other social benefits to support and care for the elderly population. As a consequence of the above processes, there is financial instability in the social insurance budget as a result of reduction in contribution income from the employed population. Given article presents the results of calculations of the losses of social insurance revenues from the reduction in the number of employees, which is a challenge to improve the effectiveness of public policies. Based on the results of research, conclusions and proposals to improve the situation on labour market in condition of demographic changes and increase the financial stability of the social insurance system were elaborated.
More...
Correctly defining the term “rural” and determining the rurality level of provinces/regions are very important for effective regional/rural planning. A well-defined and consistent rurality index will be useful in putting forward the current rurality level of regions and in implementing appropriate rural development policies. In this study, a rurality index was developed, and the rurality level was calculated at provincial level in Turkey. As MultiCriteria Decision-Making techniques, Entropy and TOPSIS methods were used in the study. Eighteen variables were used under four sections, which are: (1) demographic, (2) economic, (3) agriculture and livestock activities, and (4) urbanization and infrastructure. Provinces were ranked and divided into five categories according to their rurality level and a rurality map was created for Turkey. It is also expected that the results would be useful for policy makers.
More...
This article raises the issue of critical medical decisions made in the interest of small children. It seeks answers to the questions of whether there are any differences in this field’s attitude towards adults and what the criteria for life and death decisions should be for persons who are legally dependent and unable to declare their position. The concept of so-called parental autonomy in making treatment decisions for children and situations in which they may be limited by the assessment of doctors and by the supervisory function of the guardianship court. The overriding principle of the best interests of the child is compared with the British concept of best interest and is confronted with the newer concept of threat of serious harm, which is considered better at respecting privacy and giving parents more powers. The mechanism of conflict resolution between parents and doctors is shown through the example of court decisions in the cases of Charlotte Wyatt, also known in Poland, Charlie Gard and Alfie Evans, and then is transferred to the Polish example of Madzia Weakling. The considerations end with the conclusion that the best interests criterion is pragmatic and a non-principal development of the principle of the best interests of the child, within the context of protection against the unbearable suffering of living or dying in agony, which is also important.
More...
The discussion of legal aspects of euthanasia and assisted termination of life has been going on for many years. It touches upon complex topics such as legal, moral, health, religious or societal issues. In terms of human rights, it focuses primarily on juxtaposing the right to life with other rights, such as the right to privacy, the right to decide for oneself, or freedom from torture and inhumane treatment. At the level of international law, the European Court of Human Rights has not decided to establish uniform standards for the protection of the right to life regarding euthanasia and assisted termination of life, allowing the application of the principle of freedom of assessment by the signatory states of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The consequence of this is the establishment by individual countries of non-uniform legal regulations, which leads to a differentiation in the legal situation of their citizens. The purpose of this article is to determine whether it is possible to derive a universal right to dignified death, and what the consequences of a lack of an international standard on legal regulations in the field of euthanasia and assisted termination of life are for the protection of human rights.
More...
The prevailing view in international jurisprudence is that no one can claim compensation for the fact of being alive. This view was developed based on so-called ‘wrongful life’ cases, in which, due to medical malpractice, parents were deprived of the opportunity to perform a legally permitted abortion, resulting in the birth of a disabled or unwanted child. A new chapter in this category of claims was opened by the case under review. The German Supreme Court took up what, in view of the ageing of Western societies, is a very topical and socially difficult issue of a son’s claim for damages for keeping his father alive. The ruling concerns a special category of civil claims so far not commented on in Polish literature or jurisprudence – ‘wrongful survival’. The German Supreme Court rejected the possibility of claiming compensation under German law for prolonging human existence, even if it involved suffering. Much of the reasoning of the Court is also applicable under Polish law. However, depending on the interpretation of the norms concerning the patient’s right to self-determination, the possibility of partial compensation for the costs of unlawfully keeping someone alive also seems to be acceptable under Polish law.
More...
Terminology work requires a lot of data processing in the practical research of comparative linguistics, especially when studying linguistic and terminological changes over time. The lack of appropriate wide-usage electronic tools and databases can slow down such research. Thus, an efficient information management solution is necessary to improve the efficiency of terminology and comparative linguistic research. Since 2021, a team of terminologists, translators, researchers, and information system developers worked together for two years, during which the open access interactive multifunctional database management system (IMDS) was designed and developed for data storage and a wide range of statistical and search options, especially for language research purposes and comparative multilingual studies in linguistics and terminology. The information system consists of multiple modules (input, statistics, export, etc.). The data input module was successfully designed and developed and has been used effectively by researchers for entering and collecting special lexis units. The article mainly describes the statistical data that can be obtained from the IMDS, as well as problems encountered during the development of the system. The IMDS data collection has been updated with 50,846 entries of scientific (Latin) organism names, 60,585 entries of local names of different organisms (mainly in Latvian, but also in other languages), 1427 entries of names of organism-caused diseases, 2942 entries of dictionary words and 313 entries of terms with definitions collected based on excerpts from different publications containing common names linked with their scientific names.
More...
In the context of the ongoing nuclearization and diversification of the family institution, the mobility of family members, the intensification of educational and professional activity not only of men, but also of women, and the increase in life expectancy, family inter-generational ties are now becoming more significant. One of the indicators of such family ties can be the help that adult children provide to their parents, and the care of grandparents for grandchildren. Communication with grandchildren has a positive effect on the health of older people, working parents need help in caring for children, grandchildren have a different source of socialization, in contrast to their parents, and emotional support. The need for support of the older generation in caring for grandchildren increases at different stages of the life path of adult children, for single-parent families, minor parents, in situations before and after a divorce. The role of grandparents is irreplaceable in cases of deprivation of parental rights. The social and demographic factors influencing the participation of grandparents in caring for their grandchildren are analyzed. A review of foreign and Russian works made it possible to identify a number of subject areas for further research. First of all, the analysis of various aspects of the well-being of grandparents involved in caring for grandchildren, the impact of communication with grandparents on the development of children of different ages, intergenerational co-parenting and changing the content of the roles of grandparents in new social conditions GKS-KOUZH-2022. The following data from representative studies conducted by the Federal State Statistics Service were used as an empirical base: Comprehensive monitoring of living conditions (GKS-KOUZH)-2014, 2016, 2018, 2022, Selective observation of reproductive plans of the population during 2022 and 2010 and 2020 censuses. The object of analysis were citizens aged 60—79 years old, whose adult children live separately, children from 3 to 8 years old and primary school students and mothers aged 18—44 years old with minor children. No relationship has been established between the presence of regular or episodic assistance from separately living relatives in caring for children and the reproductive intentions of mothers with minor children. Further testing of the hypothesis about the impact of grand-parents’ help on the reproductive plans of adult children is needed. The positive dynamics of assistance to parents aged 60—79 years old of adult children living separately from 2014 to 2022 is shown. It was found that about half of men and women aged 60—79 years during 2011—2016 helped children living separately in the upbringing of their grandchildren. The help of grandparents in looking after their grandchildren, preschoolers and primary school children, did not decrease, at least in the period from 2016 to 2022. The results obtained indicate the cohesion of generations in urban Russian families living separately.
More...
Public spaces of a city are important points in its development, contributing to the urban image and also to the way of life of the inhabitants. Depending on the typology and development of a city, there are different ways of developing public spaces, with different characters and specific activities. Due to certain phenomena,such as rapid urbanization, climate change or the emergence of sprawl areas, the quality of public spaces has begun to decline. However, new questions have arisen regarding the development and future of cities in the context of these phenomena,especially questions that directly concern the inhabitants, being the most affected by the new changes
More...
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the corporate reputation as a precursor to employer brand attractiveness in the information technology sector and to investigate whether the perceptions of employer brand attractiveness and corporate reputation vary according to the demographic characteristics of potential employees. Design/methodology/approach – The research population consists of employees in the information technology sector, where competitive advantage can be gained through highly skilled workforce with high intellectual capital. The turnover of workforce among competing businesses allows for the evaluation of information technology sector employees as potential workforce. Using the Corporate Reputation Scale developed by Fombrun et al. (2015) and the Employer Brand Attractiveness Scale developed by Berthon et al. (2005), 506 participants were asked to respond to statements by considering the "most ideal company in their sector where they work". Findings - It was found that there is a significant relationship between the perception of corporate reputation among potential employees in the information technology sector and employer brand attractiveness, and corporate reputation has a positive and moderate impact on employer brand attractiveness. In terms of demographic characteristics, it was determined that male employees have higher perceptions of corporate reputation and employer brand attractiveness compared to females, younger employees have lower perceptions of employer brand attractiveness compared to older employees, and middle-aged employees have lower perceptions of corporate reputation. It was also found that experienced employees have higher perceptions of employer brand attractiveness and corporate reputation compared to less experienced employees. Discussion - This study highlights the importance for information technology businesses aiming to gain sustainable competitive advantage through the intellectual capital contributed by talented employees to consider how their corporate reputation is perceived in the labor market in order to attract the most talented individuals to their organizations. Additionally, the research findings emphasize the working environment and governance dimension as the corporate reputation factor with the lowest relationship to employer brand attractiveness. Similarly, the identified differences in terms of demographic characteristics provide opportunities for discussing new assumptions in future studies.
More...
The study presents an active and turbulent period of life in which almost all students face stress. Due to that, this paper examines the presence of stress in student population and the contribution of sociodemographic and academic characteristics to explaining stress that they experience. The research included 170 students from different universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely "Džemal Bijedić" University in Mostar, the Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo, the Islamic Pedagogical Faculty in Zenica, the Islamic Pedagogical Faculty in Bihać and the Faculty of Philosophy in Tuzla. The research findings showed that 38.2% of the respondents experienced moderate, severe or very severe stress symptoms, which is not an insignificant result. Based on the results of a linear regression analysis, we determined that socioeconomic status is a significant stress factor (β=.204, p=.008), while gender (β=.113, p=.142) and age (β=.005, p =.950) are not significant stress factors among students. Moreover, as far as academic characteristics are concerned, GPA (β=-.017, p=.826) is not a significant stress factor in student population, while study status (β=.157, p=.043) and the year of study (β= -.166, p=.033) present significant stress factors. Using the independent samples T-test and One-way ANOVA, we determined that female students are more susceptible to stress than male students (t=2.408, p=.017), that older students experience a higher level of stress (F=3.110, p=.043), and that students of lower socioeconomic status exhibit a higher level of stress (F=3.258, p=.040). When it comes to academic characteristics, the research findings indicated that there is no statistically significant difference in the level of experienced stress based on GPA (F=1.446, p=.231) and the year of study (F=2.384, p=.055); however, the research showed that part-time students show a higher level of stress compared to full-time students (F=6.23, p=.002).
More...