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Tendințe social-economice globale cu impact asupra standardului de viață

Tendințe social-economice globale cu impact asupra standardului de viață

Author(s): Mariana Stanciu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01+02/2017

The article aims to signal current developments of some controversial indicators on social and economic development at global, European and national level, that will decisively affect the living standard of the population in the immediate and long-term future. Some of those evolutions seem inevitable, so we have to prepare to meet them. Others can still be influenced by some economic and social policies. In this regard, we mention the demographic context, the migration phenomenon, the labor force, or some key indicators of economic development. The standard of living is revealed by analyzing the relationship between income levels and household expenditure, and by presenting recent realities on the phenomenon of poverty. Some forecasts are also specified for the next 2-3 decades. Data from Romanian socio-economic statistics, Eurostat data and data from global expertise such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund or the UN are used.

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Accuracy of Health, Population and Development Counting Vectors: Evidences from the UN Resolutions Markings and Policies (2012-2016)

Accuracy of Health, Population and Development Counting Vectors: Evidences from the UN Resolutions Markings and Policies (2012-2016)

Author(s): Daniel Alin Olimid,Anca Parmena Olimid / Language(s): English Issue: 52/2016

The present article explores the recent United Nations (UN) resolutions in the field of health, population and development adopted in the period 2012-2016. The analysis argues that the official documents of the Commission on Population and Development may pose a challenge to the UN “mission model” by emphasizing the major relevance of the current course of the cross-resolutions agendas. More than twenty-four concepts and related items are interlinked and used to measure the UN millennium development goals towards international peace, sustainable development, health outcomes and human rights displays by identifying the conceptual mapping and the subsequent causal effects in the research areas of: population, migration, migrant population. The article also reviews the consequences of the UN key actions and programmes focusing on the transmission of concepts within the institutional engagements considering the following resolutions: (a). the Resolution adopted by the Economic and Social Council on 27 July 2016 (2016/25. Future organization and methods of work of the Commission on Population and Development) (E/RES/2016/25); (b) the Resolution 2016/1 Strengthening the demographic evidence base for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Resolution 2016/1); (c) the Resolution 2014/1 Assessment of the status of implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (Resolution 2014/1); (d) the Resolution 2013/1 New trends in migration: demographic aspects (Resolution 2013/1) and (e) Resolution 2012/1 Adolescents and youth (Resolution 2012/1);

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Russian Diaspora as a Means of Russian Foreign Policy

Russian Diaspora as a Means of Russian Foreign Policy

Author(s): Öncel SENCERMAN / Language(s): English Issue: 49/2016

After the Soviet Union collapsed about 25 million ethnic Russians and Russian speakers that were located in former Soviet Republics during the Tsarist Russia and Soviet Russia for various reasons, mainly for imperial ones, gained minority status in one night. Russian Diaspora living as minorities abroad out of Russian Federation especially in former Soviet Republics was regarded as a means of Russian foreign policy to reestablish Russian influence over the region. The main aim of this study is to evaluate how the Russian Diaspora became a tool for Russian foreign policy from historical perspective. This study emphasizes the activities conducted related to Russian Diaspora and the increased importance of Russian Diaspora in Russian foreign policy during Putin’s term. This study is also of high importance since it deals with the relationship between soft power politics Russia mentioned among her current foreign policy concepts and Russian Diaspora.

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O stanovništvu Mostara u doba Ali-paše Rizvanbegovića

O stanovništvu Mostara u doba Ali-paše Rizvanbegovića

Author(s): Šafro Emina / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 13/2018

Die Beziehungen zwischen den Bevölkerungsgruppen in Mostar zur Zeit von Ali Pascha Rizvanbegović waren erträglich und ohne größere Auseinandersetzungen. Seine Art zu herrschen spielte dabei eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Muslime glaubten im Allgemeinen fest an den dauerhaften Charakter der osmanischen Behörden. In der Zeit von Ali Pascha hatte Mostar prominente Vertreter der Ulema, die eine wichtige Rolle im sozialen und politischen Leben der Muslime spielten. Es ist unvermeidlich zu erwähnen, dass das orthodoxe Volk das Vertrauen und die Unterstützung des herzegowinischen Viziers Ali Pasha genoss. In dieser Zeit wird die alte orthodoxe Kirche in Mostar wieder aufgebaut. Die Kirche wurde von der orthodoxen Bevölkerung finanziert. Der Aufstieg orthodoxer Christen war auf der wirtschaftlichen, politischen und kulturpädagogischen Agenda präsent. Orthodoxe Gläubige aus Mostar wurden die führenden Händler, und die orthodoxe Gemeinde war das Zentrum politischer Ereignisse. Gerade zur Zeit von Ali Pasha Rizvanbegović kommt es zur Stärkung des katholischen Elements in Mostar. Zu dieser Zeit werden die Katholiken auch planmäßig in der Region von Mostar angesiedelt. Dabei ist wichtig zu erwähnen, dass Ali Pasha eine korrekte Einstellung gegenüber der nicht-muslimischen Bevölkerung hatte. Dies steht im Widerspruch zu den bereits etablierten Thesen der tyrannischen Herrschaft von Ali Pasha. Komplizierte Umstände in den Institutionen der katholischen Kirche führten zum Aufstieg einer Bischofsresidenz in Vukodol, für die der herzegowinische Wesir Land spendete. Nach der Ankunft von Bischof Rafael Barišić in der Herzegowina haben die Katholiken aktiv am politischen Leben Mostars teilgenommen. Bemerkenswert ist, dass die Franziskaner aus Mostar das Vertrauen und die Unterstützung des herzegowinischen Wesirs Ali Pasha genossen.

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Bosna, zemlja i njezini stanovnici. Opisana historijski, geografski, etnografski i sociopolitički

Bosna, zemlja i njezini stanovnici. Opisana historijski, geografski, etnografski i sociopolitički

Author(s): Amand von Schweiger-Lerchenfeld / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3-4/2017

(...) Pitanje koje nam se živo nameće na kraju naših etnografskih prikaza jeste sljedeće: Da li će se muhamedanski element u Bosni akomodirati okcidentalnom državnom uređenju, te da li se od islama putem njegovih bosanskih reprezentanata može očekivati modifikacija koja bi ga mogla učiniti prilagodljivijim naspram sveopćih civilizatorskih napora?...

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Heritage proximity, attitudes to tourism impacts and residents’ support for heritage tourism in Kaole Site, Tanzania

Heritage proximity, attitudes to tourism impacts and residents’ support for heritage tourism in Kaole Site, Tanzania

Author(s): Noel Biseko Lwoga / Language(s): English Issue: 42/2018

This study examines determinants of residents’ support for tourism by testing a model based on the social exchange and material culture theories. The model proposes that perceptual heritage proximity influences residents’ attitudes to positive and negative impacts of tourism, which in turn influence residents’ support for tourism. The model was tested using data gathered from a sample of 256 local residents in Kaole Village, Tanzania. Results from structural equation modelling indicate that heritage proximity has an influence on attitudes to the impacts of tourism, which in turn influence support. The findings imply that heritage proximity serves as a point of reference for residents’ evaluation of tourism, which is critical in fostering support. Findings confirm the relevance of the heritage proximity concept in explaining support for tourism. The study provides recommendations to better engage the residents in tourism development. Suggestions for future research are provided.

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Demographic and social degradation in the Lubelskie Voivodeship as a peripheral area of East Poland

Demographic and social degradation in the Lubelskie Voivodeship as a peripheral area of East Poland

Author(s): Małgorzata Flaga,Monika Wesołowska / Language(s): English Issue: 41/2018

Eastern regions of Poland are regarded as areas where numerous unfavourable socio-economic phenomena appear and accumulate. These are the results of historical conditions as well as post-war border localization and various processes, primarily in terms of economy. The consequences of the political transformation of the state in the 1990s and profound social and economic changes in recent decades are also crucial drivers of many disadvantageous changes in the region.The article shows population processes which can be recognized nowadays in Eastern Poland, and the attention of the authors is focused on the peripheral rural areas of the region. General tendencies reported in the text are based on the cases from the Lubelskie Voivodeship where concentration of the demographic and social problems is particularly noticeable. The analyses comprise changes of population growth and its components (natural movement and migration), population structures as well as some characteristics concerning the quality and conditions of inhabitants’ lives. The main causes of negative processes shaping the population, including domestic, regional and micro-regional factors, are also presented. The final part of the article deals with the most important outcomes of population changes which are reflected in the progressing ageing of society, the decline of villages and social infrastructure, among other facts. These unfavourable phenomena are shown in the context of the future development of the region.

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National Program for in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer in Romania: Ethical, Legal, and Social Challenges

National Program for in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer in Romania: Ethical, Legal, and Social Challenges

Author(s): Gabriela Simionescu,Bogdan Doroftei,Emil Anton,Sorana Caterina Anton,Delia Nicolaiciuc,Maria Bolota,Iulia Diaconu,Dumitru Filipeanu / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2017

This review summarizes aspects regarding the national program for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in Romania, emphasizing on the ethical, legal and social challenges associated with assisted reproduction technologies. Romania is one of the few countries from the European Union that does not have a specific law for human assisted reproduction, but infertile couples in Romania may benefit from the national program for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer although, unfortunately, the allocated public funds are not in line with the demand. There are a series of inclusion criteria when applying for the program and unlike other countries, only one in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure may be publicly funded. Despite the legal, ethical and social challenges, this program, however, represents an extremely important step in aligning our country with the standards of other developed countries.

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Immigration Growth Tendencies in OECD Countries

Immigration Growth Tendencies in OECD Countries

Author(s): Imran Sarihasan / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2016

Immigration became one of the relevant economic topics in recent years. Over the centuries millions of people have migrated, despite the physical, cultural etc. obstacles, to other lands in search of better lives for themselves and their children. In the context of development, globalization and labor market mobility, it is necessary to further analyze the determinants and consequences of migration not only on the host country, but also on the sending country. The increased interest and availability of data keeps this subject in the attention of economists all over the world. In this case an increase in immigration became very significant issue for policymakers. The aims of this study are to describe immigration growth tendencies and to answer how much is the average growth rate of foreign born population. Thus, in order to measure the native and foreign-born unemployed migrants, twenty-seven OECD countries were used in this research paper.

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Jobs for Youth – Is There a Labour Market for Youth in Romania?

Jobs for Youth – Is There a Labour Market for Youth in Romania?

Author(s): Cristina Mocanu,Ana-Maria Zamfir / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2016

Romania is one of the European countries characterized by high rates of unemployment for youth aged 15-24 (21.7% in 2015) and long transitions of graduates from school to the world of work. Several policies were developed in order to facilitate the entrance of youth on the labor market, but with limited outcomes. The present paper aims to analyze the job opportunities for youth on the Romanian labor market in order to understand the demand-side opportunities and barriers. We use the data from a national representative survey among companies carried out in 2015 and we focus the analysis on the job vacancies for youth and the skills required, as well as on employers’ satisfaction on the skills and knowledge of newly hired graduates.

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Economic Crisis Implications on Paediatric Population’s Health

Author(s): Alina-Costina Luca,Corina Anamaria Ioan,Florin-Alexandru Luca / Language(s): English Issue: 07/2015

Once the global economic crisis occurred, shortly after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, trillions of dollars were lost on the stock exchange, hundreds of banks and investment funds in the US went bankrupt and thousands of companies were forced to declare bankruptcy. Its effects were felt then, in very short time also in Romania, following that in 2009, Romania went officially in recession. Beyond the financial implications the crisis has on the whole activity, regardless of the field, the economic and financial effects of the crisis on health and health policies can have very long term consequences.

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Expressing Distress in Patients with Advanced Cancer

Author(s): Maura Gabriela Felea,Florin Mitu,Liana Rada Borza / Language(s): English Issue: 05/2014

Negative emotions (distress) are recognized as part of the psychological profile of patients diagnosed with advanced stage cancer. However, most patients are not accustomed to verbalize feelings towards their physician, and generally towards family and medical care personnel. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the expression of emotions by patients in advanced stages of cancer, respectively the means by which they get to express emotions. To this respect, we identified the most common types of emotions expressed, or metaphors used by patients to describe their emotions and topics that trigger emotions. Words and phrases most commonly used are in relation to: fear, anxiety, depression, guilt, negligence, concern. They are uttered in order to depict the network created between disclosed emotions and topics on health status, symptoms, adverse effects and therapeutic choice, patient privacy, and social and family issues.

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Communication during natural and technologic disasters

Communication during natural and technologic disasters

Author(s): Helena Maria Sabo,Tania Tudorache / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2009

Umweltrisiken sind eine wichtige Bestandteil der Umwelterziehung in enger Verbindung mit verschiedener politischer Aspekten die eine entsprechenden Management benötigen. Es handelt sich um verschiedene geographische, physische und antropologische Aspekte… etc.Es handelt sich um verschiedene Preventivmaßnahmen und wichtige, konkrete Rettungsmaßnahmen. Eine entscheidene Rolle spielt auch die Beteiligung der Bevölkerung (diferenziert durch sex, alter, entfernung... etc.) um die wichtigen ergebnisen zu ereichen.

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The context for the study on Roma education – from theory to empirical facts –

The context for the study on Roma education – from theory to empirical facts –

Author(s): Vasile Chiş,Olga Markus / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2008

The target of our paper is to identify the relevant features for the research and practice approach on Roma education. First, we assume that in Roma education, non-formal and informal education is more efficient than formal education. As an example, Roma students leave the schools early (in the 4th or 5th form), but they come back to check for the second chance education form in their adult life, motivated by the qualification requirements in the jobs market. Second, the quality of life and the level of education are two dimensions very strong correlated among Roma people. Here we founded a kind of circular relation. The precarious life conditions are involved on the low level of education through the generations. The low level of education are involved on the precarious life conditions through the generations. Third, the statistics show an increasing distribution in Roma population and a decreasing distribution in education of Roma people. This polarization – increasing in population versus decreasing in education -reflects deeply the needs of the measures for access to education for disadvantaged groups, focused on Roma people.

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Germanii din județul Tulcea: coordonate istorico-demografice și etnografice
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Germanii din județul Tulcea: coordonate istorico-demografice și etnografice

Author(s): Alexandru Chiselev / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2018

This study presents some data related to the historical-demographic evolution and ethnography of the Dobrujan Germans (Dobrudschadeutsche), especially of those established in Tulcea County, between 1840-1850. The settlement of the Germans in Dobruja was preceded by a period of colonization from the country of origin, divided and impoverished, to the territories incorporated by the Russian Empire (Southern Ukraine, Crimea, Poland, Finland, Bessarabia, Caucasus), under the direct involvement of Catherine the Great and Tsar Alexander I. The arrival of the Germans from the Tsarist Empire in Dobruja took place in four phases (1840-1850, 1873-1883, 1890-1891, after 1891). The colonial settlements respected a certain pattern of organization (ordination, linear character), determined by the constructive habits inherited from the Germanic space and the regulations imposed by colonization in the Russian space. The complex confessional composition of the German population (e.g. Catholic, Evangelical, Methodist, Baptist) and its permanent migration, marked by the synthesis of local elements, determined variations in the manifestation of rites of passage or other aspects of the cultural heritage.

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Spatial Aspects of Demographic Processes in Serbia

Spatial Aspects of Demographic Processes in Serbia

Author(s): Nikola Krunić,Aleksandra Gajić,Danijela Srnić,Dragutin Tošić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Changes in the trends, distribution and structures of the population identified through censuses (such as the changes in total population, gender, educational, age and other structures) are crucial for understanding spatial phenomena and processes like urbaniza-tion. Numerous urban geography studies researching the development of systems of set-tlements in former Yugoslavia, which carried on in Serbia, were the foundation for a sin-gular theoretical and methodological framework for researching spatial phenomena and processes focused precisely on the understanding of dynamic changes in the structures of the population and their territorial manifestation. Other than in scientific research, this approach found direct application in spatial and urban planning, when defining the meas-ures directing demographic development, arrangement of urban functions, formation of a system of settlements, planning infrastructure development, etc. More recently, this theo-retical and methodological framework was enhanced using GIS technologies, which allow for the integration of spatial and statistical data and provide for a powerful analytical tool. Data integration has spurred new research on the correlation between demographic and spatial phenomena and the mutual relationships and influences between spatial and demographic development. This paper presents an overview of existing research on the mutual influence between population development trends and spatial changes manifest through the fluctuations in the intensity of built-up areas, population density, infrastructure development, etc. A model of population distribution was created by using selected census statistical data and correlating them with phenomena in actual geospace. Emphasis is placed on the significance of using this and similar models in further research on the population’s impact on the environment, directing economic development, protection in emergency situations, and numerous other areas.

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The Problem of Rural Youth Outflow in Belgorod Region (Russia)

The Problem of Rural Youth Outflow in Belgorod Region (Russia)

Author(s): Larisa Nikolaevna Shmigirilova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

In this article, the author is exposing the problem of outflow of rural youth, analyzing the results of a sociological survey conducted in one of Russia’s regions. The article focuses on the fact that it is necessary to make the rural areas attractive not only in terms of ap-pearance, but also to develop their infrastructure. In order to make the village an attractive place to live in, it is necessary to fulfill at least three tasks: to raise the material standard of living in rural areas, to improve cultural and living conditions of villagers and to educate them about modern ways of working in the field of agriculture. None of these problems could be solved without the significant support of the state, so it is necessary to focus on the search for additional mechanisms to support the rural youth while taking into account the integrated development of municipalities. A comfortable, modern way of life in the village and good communications could attract young specialists and encourage graduates who got a professional education to return to their native villages.

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Prilog antropološkoj strukturi skeleta iz nekropola sa stećcima u Jugoslaviji

Prilog antropološkoj strukturi skeleta iz nekropola sa stećcima u Jugoslaviji

Author(s): Živko Mikić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 23/1985

Le but de cette contribution est d’élargir les études concernant les stèles funéraires- steéci ou, autrement dit, d’élargir les études des nécropoles avec steéoi du point de vue de l’anthropologie. Comme on le voit dans l’introduction, les dernières contributions concernant les squelettes des nécropoles avec steéoi ont été publiées à la fin du dernier siècle (F. v. Duschan, B. Perišić). Durant presque tout un siècle 67 on n’a pas continué le travail sur les études anthropologiques concernant les caractéristiques de la population entre le XIIème/XIIIème et le débuit du XIVème siècle, enterrée dans les nécropoles, dont les caractéristiques culturo-historiques sont steéci, au conirare aux études concernant l’hiistoire, l’histoire des arts et l’archéologie, tout cela se rapportant aux steéci. Ainsi, il existe aujourd’hui un grand nombre des travaux et quelques monographies importantes dans ce domaine (auteurs: Đ. Basler, A. Benac, S. Bešlagić, N. Miletić, M. Wenzel). Sur la base de l’état actuel des recherches anthropologiques, basées sur neuf nécropoles (Rasica gora, Pratrova glavica, Parlovi, Pavlovac, Desivoje—Gacko, Buško blato—Kraljičin nasip, Bilo polje—Mašeta, Mistehalj—Bileća et Grborezi—liivno, avec la remarque que les restes ostéologiques de deux dernières nécropoles ne sont pas conservés pour les études anthropologiques) avec plus de mille individues squelettiques, on peut faire quelques conclusions concernant les spécificités de cette papulation médiévale, caractéristique seulement pour le territolire de la Yougoslavie. Primo, comme on le voit sur la table I, il y s’agit exclusivement des séries brachycrâniennes et hyperbrachy crâniennes de deux genres à l’exception du genre féminin sur la nécropole Pratrova glavica où domine, d’après les valeurs moyennes, le haut mésocrâne). L ’interprétation de ce phénomène peut être liée à la proximité de la côte adriatique, c’est-à-dire à la zone de l’extension de l’ancien type méditerranéen aussi au Moyen âge. Secondo. Sur la base des recherches biostatiatiques de deux ou de trois dimensions, faîtes à l’Institut anthropologique de l ’Université à Frankfurt (BRD) on a pu constater le caractère spécifique des séries anthropologiques provenant des nécropoles avec steédi (v. dendrogramme 1 et fig. 1). Tertio. Par rapport aux autres populations médiévales des pays balkaniques voisins — Grèce, Bulgarie et Roumanie (les éléments nécessaires pour la calculation repris de la Banque des données ostéométriques de l’Institut anthropologique de l’Université à Madnz/BRD) — un caractère spécifique de la population dans les nécropoles avec steéci a été manifesté ici. Concrètement, il s’est montré que la population médiévale de la Roumanie est la plus proche à cette population et qu’à l’intérieur de largeur des variations anthropologiques des groupes slaves du territoire de la Yougoslavie (par ex. Vinca—Belo Brdo, Cipuljić—Bugojno — XI/XII— XIVème sièclef les squelettes des nécropoles avec steéci occupent une place tout à fait resserrée, probablement à cause de la brachycrânisation, ce que signifierait qu’ils sont d'origine autochtone (anthropologiquement non slave), c’est-à-dire d’origine surtout valaque etc. Et quatro, par rapport aux données obtenues auparavant, concernant les processus anthropogénétiques au Moyen âge sur le territoire de la Yougoslavie (Mikié 1982, 1984), lors de l’état actuel des recherches anthropologiques, on peut constater que les groupes de populations identifiés sur leis matériaux squelettiques provenant des nécropoles avec steéci ne s’insèrent pas seulement, avant tout dans le processus de brachycrânisation, maiiis qu’ils pénètrent dans la structure de son noyau, par rapport à l’extension géographique des nécropoles et de leur appartenance chronologique.

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Antropološka zapažanja o skeletu Vignja Miloševića

Antropološka zapažanja o skeletu Vignja Miloševića

Author(s): Živko Mikić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 24/1986

Dans cette contribution l’auteur a présenté les résultats de l’analyse anthropologique des parties de squelette de Viganj Milosevic — aristocrate médiéval, décédé en 1404 ou en 1411. On a constaté qu’il est décédé dans l’âge de 60 ans, qu’il a eu la crâne dinarique hyperbrachycrânienne, qu’il a été haut environ 174 cm et qu’il n’a pas eu, exceptant quelques dents perdus intra vitam, des autres changements patologiques sur les os. Cette contribution embrasse aussi un squelette féminin de la tombe voisine à Kočerin (près de Listića en Herzégovine) appartenant probablement à l’épouse de Viganj Milosevic. Mais ce squelette est conservé en fragments et on ne peut pas obtenir les données fondamentales anthropométriques. On a pu seulement conclure qu’il s’agit d’une personne adulte, sans changements patologiques sur les parties du squelette conservées.

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NEKOLIKO NAPOMENA O BROJU HRVATA, HRVATSKOM JEZIKU, ŠKOLAMA I HRVATSKIM MEDIJIMA U AUSTRALIJI

NEKOLIKO NAPOMENA O BROJU HRVATA, HRVATSKOM JEZIKU, ŠKOLAMA I HRVATSKIM MEDIJIMA U AUSTRALIJI

Author(s): Boris Škvorc / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 33+34/1998

In various written sources the data on the number of Croats in Australia vary from 200,000 to 500,000. At the same time, the data obtained from the census that can be processed based on the comparison of the number of speakers of Croatian, religious affiliation of participants in the censuses and place of birth, give a considerably altered picture resulting in a much smaller official number of Australian Croats. This article, based on the last two censuses, as well as on the calculations of the percentage of second-generation members with regard to the first, has tried to reveal the smallest provable number of Australian Croats, i.e. Australians of Croatian descent, by drawing a line between the two given determinants of affiliation. Furthermore, since the issue of the number of Croats in Australia is connected with the issue of Croatian language, the article discusses the preservation of the latter in Australia, its official recognition, the Australian school system in Croatian, but also the disturbing fact that bilingualism in Australian-Croatian families is declining and that the number of children learning Croatian is continually falling. The third part of the article deals with the Croatian media in Australia, especially in NSW and Victoria.

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