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Генерационните цикли на Симон Кузнец в България

Author(s): Georgi Naidenov,Kaloyan Valentinov Haralampiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

It is considered to what extent the probability of extermination of the new working-active generation, expressed in the authors' research in 2015, was realized in the period of the descending phase of the generation cycle of Simon Kuznets in the period 2008-2020. For this purpose, three indicators are studied – demographic, social, and economical. The thesis is that the extermination will most likely occur in 2035-2043 when risk factors are superimposed both from the descending phase of the next generation cycle of Simon Kuznets and from the ascending phase of the US military budget.

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EXPLICAȚIILE BIOLOGICE ASUPRA COMPORTAMENTULUI CRIMINAL

Author(s): Natalia Vasilevna Pavlyk,Adelina Negrea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2022

The literature on the biological explanations for antisocial and criminal behavior is growing considerably. This scientific article will provide a selective analysis of three specific biological factors: psychophysiological (outlining heart rate and skin conductance), brain mechanisms (focusing on aberrations in structure and function of the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and striatum) and genetic factor (highlighting the gender-environment and gene-gene interaction). Therefore, the knowledge and correct perception of the role of biology in antisocial and criminal behavior can contribute to the development of the explanatory power of current research and theories, as well as to inform the authorities in the field and the various treatment options.

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PROCESUL ÎMBĂTRÂNIRII: MODIFICĂRI ÎN CONTEXTUL SOCIAL CE AFECTEAZĂ CALITATEA VIEȚI PERSOANELOR DE VÂRSTA A TREIA

Author(s): Nicolae Silistraru,Veronica Diwo / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2022

In this article, we elucidate the aging process, delimiting the changes in the social context that affect the quality of life of people of the third age. We cannot escape the aging process. The moment we are born, the aging process begins. People have to conform to the stages of life and growth and change can often be seen as negative and unproductive, but without personal and physical development man cannot progress. Many changes can be viewed negatively by the society in which we live and with the passage of time, the first signs of aging appear.

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PROBLEMA INFERTILITĂȚII ȘI REPRODUCEREA ASISTATĂ MEDICAL ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA. ASPECTE MEDICALE, ETICE ȘI LEGISLATIVE

Author(s): Nelu Gheorghiță / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2023

The right to life is a fundamental attribute of the human being, which must be protected by internal and international legal norms. Moreover, modern legal systems protect life as an absolute right, which obliges every person to respect and protect human life, as well as the right to health, physical and mental integrity of human being. Recently, new medical biotechnologies have been introduced into this broad spectrum of human life through which scientists are actively involved in the emergence of life. This involvement of man nin the creation of life has caused many discussions on moral and legal topics, especially regarding in vitro fertilization and artificially human embryos (in vitro). In the following, we will strive to define the medical, ethical and legal aspects of assisted reproduction technologies that are present in Europe, and especially in the Republic of Moldova. We will carry out a review of different legal practices regarding in vitro fertilization and artificially created embryos, as well as the position of different religions in the field of assisted reproduction. In Republic of Moldova, the IVF method it is successfully practiced since 1995. However, the legal and regulatory frameworks has long had deficiencies thus creating difficulties in the effective use this method. Part of these implementation difficulties have only in 2012 by Law no. 138 on reproductive health and later in 2017 by Order no. 149/23.02.2017 of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Moldova regarding medically assisted reproduction.

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LA RĂSCRUCE ÎNTRE ADOPȚIE ȘI FERTILIZARE IN VITRO, DESTINAȚIA DE A FI PĂRINTE

Author(s): Carmen Ion / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2023

New ways of avoiding infertility are being discovered through technological developments in the medical field, but even so the risks and associated implications (scientific and ethical) exist. Birth defects, medical problems, procedure failure, obscure long-term effects (unstudied and not yet discovered) and legal issues are just some of them. An alternative that offers opportunities to couples who want children is adoption. Although this process is not without risks either, and in some cases the road to success can be quite arduous, it involves placing the adopted child in the new family as a real offspring, rather than as a family seeking to compensate for infertility with a child who becomes a kind of 'family implant'. Looking at the bigger picture, there are solutions for children who don't have a family as well as those who want to be parents. However, great care must be taken when making decisions, especially when a human life is at stake. There are no guarantees.

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LEGAL ISSUES AND RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC REGISTER OF HUMAN GENOMIC INFORMATION IN UKRAINE

Author(s): Nataliia Martynenko / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2023

It is proposed to specify in the Law of Ukraine “On the State Registration of Human Genomic Information” some provisions regarding military personnel, policemen, members of the rank and file of the civil defense service, as well as members of voluntary formations of territorial communities, from which the selection of biological material, in the event of the implementation of martial law, will be carried out in a mandatory manner, namely: specify the possibilities of extraction and destruction of genomic information in connection with: dismissal from military service and subsequent removal from military registration; with death in order to minimize the risks of access to personal data of a person and his relatives. The Law should clearly define the structure of the Electronic Register of Human Genomic Information. Considering the fact that martial law has been implemented in Ukraine, it is necessary to introduce the following independent section “Genomic information of unidentified human corpses, their remains and parts of the human body, missing persons and close relatives of missing persons”. It has been proven that it is necessary to carefully write down the issue of information protection, namely: which body monitors compliance with information protection requirements; how to ensure the protection of the information of the Electronic Register of Human Genomic Information.

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PSIHOSOMATICA BOLNAVULUI CU CANCER

Author(s): Aurelia Cojocaru,Victoria Grama / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2023

We live in a hurried century, rich in pleasant and unpleasant events. Not everyone succeeds to keep pace surrounding himself with unpleasant events. These once accumulated tend to poison behavior, thinking and finally the body, creating conditions for the appearance of cancer. Many researchers have dealt with the detection of this disease and how to help people with such a diagnosis. In this article I will present the cause and effect the occurrence of cancer, its types and psychosomatic treatment. We don't know what life has in store for us, one thing it's true that love and forgiveness conquers all.

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STIGMA OBEZITĂȚII ÎNTRE IDENTITATE ȘI STAREA DE BINE

Author(s): Tatiana Roșca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2023

The work derives from the felt need to dissect the dimension of lived bodily experience and to investigate the facets that are involved in the psychological well-being of the individual. Although this issue is present and central in various contexts of the individual's daily life, it is addressed by resorting to a psychosocial dictionary characterized by stereotypes, prejudices and aesthetic standards, which approach corporeality in a superficial and reductive way, instead of seeking to explore deeper meaning of the body.

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NEUROPLASTICITATEA - METAMORFOZA CREIERULUI UMAN

Author(s): Maria Dița,Libi Bubuioc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2024

The brain's ability to reorganize its neurons to form new neural connections based on life experience and learning is known as neuroplasticity. This process is continuous and allows us to learn new things throughout our lives. In addition, neuroplasticity not only helps us adapt to life and develop culturally and spiritually, but also represents a chance for recovery for neurological conditions that may affect the senses, movements or cognitive functions. Therefore, neuroplasticity allows neurons in the brain to compensate temporarily or permanently by forming new brain connections, fully or partially replacing functions affected by injury or disease.

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Struktura demograficzno-społeczna mieszkańców Prusinowic (raport z badań)

Author(s): Tadeusz Marszał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2024

In 2023, at the initiative of the residents of Prusinowice, pilot fieldresearch was carried out, with the aim of, among others, collecting basic informationon selected elements characterising the demographic and social structure of ruralresidents. Out of just over 110 households living in Prusinowice, we managed toobtain surveys from 65 households, which constitutes approximately ⅔ of their totalnumber. The presented demographic and social characteristics of Prusinowice refer to the answers provided only by some of the village’s inhabitants, but the number ofobtained surveys allows drawing conclusions regarding the entire community of thisvillage. A number of socio-demographic features of Prusinowice are typical of manyrural settlement units in Central Poland. This is due to the low birth rate and thedisappearance of multi-generational family structures, the rising level of educationof the population, and the decreasing role of agricultural activity as the main sourceof income for rural residents.

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THEORETICAL LANDMARKS OF POPULATION DYNAMICS

Author(s): Florin Lucian POPA,Dumitru Otovescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This article delves into the theoretical aspects of population dynamics, an essential chapter in demography, sociology, and ecology. The theory of population dynamics focuses on studying changes in the size and structure of populations over time. Key elements include analyzing factors that influence population growth, stagnation, or decline, and identifying laws and models that explain these variations. This theory is crucial for explaining demographic processes, resource management, and public policy planning. Romania's demographic transition has unique characteristics, with phases identified based on mortality and birth rates from the late 19th century. The transition involved a decline in mortality followed by a decline in fertility, influenced by social, economic, and political changes. Population dynamics theory is crucial for urban planning, natural resource management, and public policy formulation. Understanding the mechanisms that determine demographic changes allows policymakers to implement effective strategies to meet population needs and ensure sustainable development. The theory of population dynamics provides an essential analytical framework for understanding demographic processes and formulating effective public policies. The study of population dynamics combines concepts and methods from demography, ecology, economics, and sociology to provide a comprehensive perspective on how populations change over time and space.

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MEN'S DREAMS. THE CASTLE-HOUSE AT THE END OF LIFE A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF THE PROJECTS FOR BUILDING A SECONDARY RESIDENCE AMONG INDIVIDUALS FROM THE LARGE URBAN SPACES OF ROMANIAN SOCIETY

Author(s): Octavian Cris PANȚU / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The following research investigated the desire of urban Romanians to build a secondary residence in rural areas. The aim of the study was to gain a deeper understanding of the motivations and significance behind such a project, which does not seem to align with the dominant economic rationale. Drawing from the framework used to discuss secondary homes in the global West, the research highlighted a distinct Romanian pattern in these types of projects, where economic efficiency is, at best, secondary. In this context, "vacation homes" serve as secure retreats for the time when individuals exit active economic life. This type of project appears to be almost exclusively associated with the male gender and presents a specific ideal form that is remarkably similar among all interviewees: a relatively small, self-sufficient residence surrounded by a generous yard, located in a pre-mountainous area near a village, with a forest and water nearby. Simultaneously, women also seem to have a shared image of ideal living, but it is markedly different from that of men. The source of these ideas about ideal living is difficult to pinpoint, with the ideal home emerging as an asocial space, adjacent to society, yet not necessarily incorporating its current values or norms—the most likely candidate here being the grand narratives of Indo-European culture, present as a deep-set framework of values and beliefs for the Euro-Atlantic region.

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Measures of cohort fertility in Bulgaria

Author(s): Stanislava Moraliyska-Nikolova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This research work represents a multifaceted and detailed study of the changes observed in the age-specific fertility model in Bulgaria over the last few decades. The focus here is on the cohort approach, because cohort fertility in our country has not been studied since the middle of the last century, and the transition to birth postponement can be clearly captured and measured precisely from a cohort perspective. This study deals with identifying the course of transition to birth postponement, its beginning and current stage of development, all this based on data analysis. The scale and influence of delayed births on the observed low fertility during the last three decades in Bulgaria was assessed in a cohort and period perspective. We focused some of our efforts on making a forecast of the levels of completed cohort fertility rate for women of the generations born before 1990 in Bulgaria who are still within fertile age.

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PRAVILNA ISHRANA KAO FAKTOR LJUDSKOG ZDRAVLJA

Author(s): Edin Brigić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 6/2020

Cilj ovog rada je ukazati na značaj pravilne ishrane kao jednog od faktora koji vodi zdravijem načinu života čovjeka, a o kojem govore i riječi Uzvišenog Boga spomenute u Kur'anu: Jedite i pijte, ali ne pretjerujte. U ovom radu se precizno definišu pojmovi koji podrazumijevaju pravilnu i zdravu ishranu, kako bi čovjek spoznao da li u svom svakodnevnom životu konzumira i primijenjuje pravilnu ishranu. Također, cilj ovog rada je određivanje osnovnih komponenti hrane koja je samo jedna od blagodati Uzvišenog Boga data čovjeku i drugim organizmima. U radu su navedene osnovne namirnice koje bi svaki čovjek trebao koristiti u ishrani, kako bi zadržao što duže bolje zdravstveno stanje svoga organizma. Rad obuhvata i određene tabele u kojima je predstavljena energetska potrošnja hrane u kilokalorijama, za određene životne aktivnosti, a koja je u neposrednoj vezi sa zdravom i pravilnom ishranom. Na kraju rada izvodi se zaključak da je stanje energetske ravnoteže najpovoljnije po zdravlje organizma, što znači da se konzumira raznovrsna hrana uz prakticiranje svakodnevnih životnih aktivnosti.

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Dziecko w świecie kultury wizualnej

Author(s): Justyna Nowotniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2024

The article refers to a small – yet concerning a significant problem area – segment of visual culture: creating visual worlds for children in the form of online games, as well as implying streamers’ navigational role in the virtual world and said games. Part one of the article focuses on understanding visual culture and mechanisms of its creation – whereas part two shows certain games and their respective most popular streamers in Poland as an example. This article is a preliminary proposal of addressing said problem area.

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ДЕМОГРАФСКА ЖИЗНЕСПОСОБНОСТ НА ОБЩИНИТЕ В БЪЛГАРИЯ

Author(s): Nikolay Tsekov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article presents an attempt to construct an universal indicator for assessing the viability - demographic and labor-economic - of municipalities and settlements in Bulgaria. The study is intended as a theoretical introduction to a larger study of the factors and their indicators that mark the presence or absence of minimum conditions for sustainable demographic, and hence for socio-economic development of small administrative units like municipalities. The emphasis is placed on the relationship between the reproduction and the quality of regional labor resources and its impact on the deepening of spatial inequalities in the levels of demographic and socioeconomic development of municipalities in the country. For this purpose, an algorithm from the arsenal of multidimensional statistical analysis was used - the so-called a benchmark of development, in which the most favorable indicators for the demographic processes and structures for the demographic and socio-economic development of the Bulgarian municipalities are set. The benchmark also presents key indicators of the quality of municipal labor resources, such as the changes in the educational structure of their elderly population during the period 2001-2020.

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КЛАСИФИКАЦИЯ НА СЕЛСКИТЕ РАЙОНИ СПОРЕД ДЕМОГРАФСКАТА СИТУАЦИЯ

Author(s): Rositza Mikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The demographic and socio-economic development of rural areas in Bulgaria is marked by persistent trends of negative natural and mechanical growth and increasing rates of depopulation and aging of the population in municipalities. These changes affect the quantity and quality of the labor force, consumption and investment, thus sustaining employment. This article focuses attention on the demographic factors influencing the development of rural areas in Bulgaria during the period 2011-2021. For this purpose, based on six demographic indicators, a classification of 232 rural municipalities was made using the K-means cluster analysis method and with the help of the ArcGIS 10.6.1 software. The municipalities are grouped according to the demographic situation into five clusters and the analysis highlights the indicators that have the greatest weight in the formation of the clusters. Based on the cluster analysis, the challenges that will determine the direction of demographic trends are outlined and an attempt is made to formulate recommendations to improve the demographic situation in rural areas.

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ФОРМИРАНЕ НА БЕЖАНСКИ ПОСЕЛЕНИЯ В БУРГАСКА ОБЛАСТ ПРЕЗ ПЕРИОДА 1913 – 1925

Author(s): Ivanka G. Deleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The main objective of the developed material is to clarify the specifics of the formation of refugee settlements in Burgas region in the period 1913 - 1925 and to determine their place in the territorial-administrative system of the country. The analysis of the available source material makes it possible to establish that in its nature and peculiarities, the process under consideration differs from that characteristic of the traditional formation of settlements in the region. This allows us to define the construction of the studied refugee settlements, during the studied period, as a peculiar phenomenon in our settlement-forming system.

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ИДВА ЛИ КРАЯТ НА СПАДА НА РАЖДАЕМОСТТА В ИТАЛИАНСКИТЕ РЕГИОНИ? УРОЦИ ОТ НАДЛЪЖНИЯ ПОДХОД [Превод на френски: Ерик Вилкен (Éric Vilquin)]

Author(s): Marcantonio Caltabiano / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

Throughout the twentieth century, Italy was characterized by significant regional differences in fertility rates. In this article, a cohort approach is employed in order to further explore regional variation. More specifically, total cohort fertility rate is calculated for the various Italian regions for cohorts born between 1935 and 1968. In addition, recently published data from the Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat) for the years 1999- 2005 are examined. They allow us to extend our analysis to the first phase in the reproductive lives of cohorts born in the 1970s and in the early 1980s. This analysis shows that first, for the cohorts born up until the 1960s, fertility declines and regional differences remain relevant; and second, for the cohorts born from the 1970s on, the speed of the fertility decline slows in the north and even come to a halt in several regions, while continuing to drop in southern Italy. If this trend remains constant over time, cohort fertility levels in all Italian regions may eventually converge at similar levels.

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ОСТАРЯВАНЕ НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО: ЧЕТИРИ ТИПА ТЕРИТОРИАЛНА ДИНАМИКА

Author(s): Gérard-François Dumont / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

One of the major demographic phenomena of the 21st century is the ageing of the population, which is unprecedented in the world as well as in France. Its measurement requires considering two different concepts: ageing in the strict sense and gerontogrowth. Data analysis highlights four different types of territorial developments, which consequently call for different local policies. The data used in this text are not the main ones, but they illustrate the methodology for geographical analysis of the ageing of the population.

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