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ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF WAR TRAUMA

Author(s): Laurence A. French,Goran Kovačević,Lidija Nikolić-Novaković,Bakir Alispahić / Language(s): English Issue: 5-6/2015

Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): The Yugoslavian breakup wars beginning in the early 1990s resulted in many common unresolved war-trauma issues. Common to these conflicts, whether it be Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo, or Macedonia is the unmet need of both military veterans and civilian casualties suffering with either physical or psychological injuries, or both. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): The scientific and social aim is to offer valuable methodology for estimate of the presence of War trauma in respective societies and propose the best possible approach in assessing the scope of the problems. Methodology/Design: The authors developing assessment protocols with a number of them translated into the Bosnian and Serbian language so that they could be used within those nations most closely involved in the Balkan Wars of 1991-2002. Validity will be established by administering the predictor (like the MMPI) to all applicants/candidates and then later assessing the scores/profiles with those who are successful or who failed the program. Research/paper limitations: The proposed methodological approach as explained in this paper is a profile based research and it is constructed for and limited to assessment of War trauma and using it for other purposes could give one false data and interpretations. Results/Findings: The paper analyze the best fit methodology for respective societies and results. In other countries where similar research was administered, results were the blueprint for state policy development in the fields of Societal security, radicalization, social deviations and victimization. General conclusion: The idea behind this paper is to explain sophisticated scientific approach to analysis of societal trends and to develop the best procedures for neutralizing the effects of detected negative societal trends in local communities. Research/paper validity: Validity is established by administering the predictor (like the MMPI) to all applicants/candidates and then later assessing the scores/profiles with those who are successful or who failed the program.

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Clan war instead of fighting coronavirus and corruption

Author(s): Ludwika Włodek / Language(s): English Issue: 06 (44)/2020

Nearly a month has passed since the October 4th parliamentary elections in Kyrgyzstan, but it remains unclear who is actually holding power in the country. There were as many as three individuals claiming the prime minister’s seat. President Sooronbay Jeenbekov announced that “as soon as the situation stabilises” he would be ready to step down. After the resignation of subsequent Supreme Council speakers, two of the deputies argued which one had the right to preside over the Supreme Council (the country’s parliament). At the same time, the council was forced to assemble in a hotel, since on the first night after the election the actual parliament building was looted and set ablaze by rioters.

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KRIMINOLOŠKI FOKUS ISTRAŽIVANJA

Author(s): Adnan Fazlić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1-2/2014

Review of: Adnan Fazlić - Karen T. Froeling, Nova Science Publishers, New York 2007., Criminology Research Focus (ISBN-13: 978-1-60692-601-7)

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School for a Hollow Life or The Pedagogical Poem 2.0

Author(s): Hrvoje Jurić / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2021

In addition to medical and public health issues, the 2020 coronavirus pandemic raised some serious philosophical, (bio)ethical, social, political and legal questions that are essentially not new, although they appear under a new light. Among them is also the issue of education, because the coronavirus pandemic has accentuated the digitalisation and alienation trends in the field of education, urging us to consider not only the problems of education during the pandemic, but also the systemic problems in education, science and knowledge in the era of technoscience and neoliberal economy and politics.

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Служебное положение медицинской интеллигенции Иваново-Вознесенска на рубеже XIX—XX в.

Author(s): Kirill Evgenievich Baldin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

In the context of the pandemic, that has engulfed the worldpresently, scientists’ interest in the history of medicine in different historical periods is growing. The role of doctors in the life of society at different times and in different countries, in particular in pre-revolutionary Russia, becomes very relevant topic now. The purpose of the article is to identify and summarize the main features of the official position of the medical intelligentsia in Ivanovo- Voznesensk — large industrial city in Russia at the turn of the 19th — 20th century. The purpose is realized through the following tasks: to determine the special education, received by the medical intelligentsia; to analyze the algorithm of assignment of ranks to doctors in pre-revolutionary Russia; to characterize the features of the service of medical intelligentsia in wartime; to study the reward system for doctors. The author used special methods of historical research — historical-systemic and historical-comparative methods. Doctors depended on the state machine, being partially embedded in it. The extent of this dependency was different. Doctors of the state department depended entirely on it, while the situation of city and Zemstvo doctors looked freer, local governments usually was sympathetic to the needs of health care and most often did not skimp on the payment of doctors. Factory doctors felt not so free, because they depended on the whims of private entrepreneurs. It should be taken into account, that doctors often worked at several jobs, for example in the city hospital, in the factory reception and in school at the same time. During the wars, all doctors, regardless of their official position, considered themselves mobilized and honestly performed patriotic duty.

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Rozmieszenie automatycznych defibrylatorów zewnętrznych w kontekście występowania ryzyka nagłego zatrzymania krążenia na terenie województwa zachodniopomorskiego

Author(s): Maria Adamczyk,Tomasz Zalewski,Apoloniusz Kurylczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2018

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a condition in which the cardiovascular system suddenly stops. The probability of this condition increases with age and depends on risk factors and prophylactic factors. Early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation can significantly increase the survivability of victims after cardiac arrest. Earlier defibrillation is observed in places with easy access to the defibrillator (AED). Hourly availability and the number of AED devices in the cities of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in relation to the risk of SCA occurrence is insufficient. To facilitate the location of defibrillators, mark them in accordance with ILCOR recommendations and allow 24-hour access to devices. Creation and providing a uniform integrated accessibility system for the whole of Poland can have an impact on increasing survivability in health and life threatening situations in Poland.

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THE RELATIONSHIP OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN ANALYSIS ON TURKISH ECONOMY (1988-2019)

Author(s): Adem Üzümcü,Yasin Söğüt / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2021

Health and education expenditures are named the sources of human capital accumulation. It is claimed that health and education expenditures make a positive contribution to the economic growth process through human capital accumulation. The development of health expenditures in Turkey in the period 1988-2019 and its impact on economic growth is emphasized in this study. In this context, the effects of the health expenditures (HE) and the life expectancy at birth (LEB) on economic growth (GDP) were analyzed with the ARDL co-integration test. As a result, there was a co-integration relationship among the variables in the long run. In the study, a positive relationship was determined between HE, LEB and GDP in 1998-2019 period in Turkey. In this framework indicated that one unit increase of HE leads to an increase of 0.112 units in GDP and one-unit increase in the LEB caused a rise of 0.018 units in GDP. When the effects of HE and LEB variables on economic growth are compared, it is concluded that the HE effect is greater in Turkey. Also, within the framework of Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis, it was found that there was bidirectional causality relationship between HE and economic growth.

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Epidemiile de ciumă în societatea românească (secolele XV–XIX)

Author(s): Toader Nicoară / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2021

The plague, “this great figure of the past,” in the words of historian Bartholomew Bennassar, was one of the most threatening calamities to befall human communities. On the scale of the European continent, the plague manifested itself over a cycle of about four centuries (from the black plague of the fourteenth century to the beginning and middle of the eighteenth century, for Western Europe, and the first decades of the nineteenth century, for the space of Eastern Europe). According to experts, the plague had the worst demographic consequences in pre-industrial societies, killing a third or, according to some statistical estimates, half of European populations. The scourge was caused by a bacillus, Yarsinia pestis, named after the French doctor Alexandre Yarsin, who discovered it in the laboratory at the end of the 19th century. The most common was bubonic plague, with a mortality of about 70–80%, among the contaminated cases, while septic and pulmonary plague reached a mortality rate of 100%. All episodes of the plague were accompanied by other misfortunes, such as collective panic, famine, wars, social violence: robberies, abuses, crimes and arson. Western society succeeded in eradicating the plague on the European continent in the early 18th century, benefiting from advances in the medical sciences, more effective hygiene and treatment measures. The plague haunted the center and southeast of the continent until the third decade of the nineteenth century. Heterogeneous environments, marked by the most diverse beliefs and superstitions, were crossed by panic of proportions, due to the large number of victims. Ecclesiastical and secular discourses showed visions of the causes and consequences of plague epidemics. A series of chroniclers and chroniclers left descriptions, more or less consistent, about the terrible manifestations of the plague in Transylvania and the Romanian Lands. The collective memory has preserved the memory of this scourge in a series of names of places which recall the confrontation with this terrible epidemic.

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YARATICI VE KÜLTÜREL ENDÜSTRİLER VE COVID-19 PANDEMİ DÖNEMİNDE TÜRKİYE’DE KÜLTÜR VE SANAT SEKTÖRLERİNİN DURUMU

Author(s): Zeynep Özarslan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious restrictions on the activities of some of the sub-sectors of the creative and cultural industries. The aim of this study is to examine the state of art of the arts and culture sectors, which are sub-sectors of creative and cultural industries, during the pandemic in Turkey. In this study, the public supports provided by the government and metropolitan municipalities and the supports of the professional associations, trade unions and civil society organizations to the arts and culture sectors, between March-September 2020, are examined through document analysis technique. The supports offered to the arts and culture sectors under the categories of cinema, television, theater, music and performative arts are analyzed regarding the following themes: Financial support, tax reduction or deferral, digital archive support, early ticket reservation, providing offline or online stages required for the artistic performance, proposing structural solution for the problems encountered during the pandemic. The findings of the research reveal that the arts and culture sector are not adequately supported by the government, while partly supported by the local authorities, professional associations and unions during the pandemic. However, they are not sufficient to influence the policymakers to provide adequate support.

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Analogy of the Covid-19 crisis and the Bosnian war-siege; psychological, sociological and political security perspective

Author(s): Faruk Hadžić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The study qualitatively explores the pandemic and Sarajevo War-Siege from the psychological, sociological, and political security perspectives. As a direct indicator of behavioral variability within extreme conditions, the author refers to structural interviews with war-siege participants. The citizens can recognize the 1990s in some manifestations of the pandemic, including crisis staff formation that reflects ethnopolitics (ethnic-political boundaries) rather than instills public confidence. Life in the conditions of radical changes leaves a trace that does not have to be exclusively emotional but cognitive. The state of war-siege meant deconstructing the pre-war way of life and new ways of coping with war conditions. Maintaining routines is a link to pre-war life; continuity of norms and values allows for mental stability maintenance. During the siege, people had an acute perception of space and time. Space was something where the danger came from and the time spent in that space needed to be reduced. We have similar functions during the pandemic, reflecting on people’s thoughts. Those who have adequately gone through the trauma that lasted during the siege have adapted well to “extreme” conditions and can develop protective mechanisms. Human thought focuses on the repetitive and familiar in today’s world, while some extreme event interprets as the exception; such exceptional events are crucial in creating the future. Regardless of the political system’s axis, confidence in the political elites must be sufficient. Prevention of fear and panic in the war’s geographical area should be based on quality peacetime preparation through education and psychological commitment.

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Seniorzy jako konsumenci prywatnych usług zdrowotnych

Author(s): Beata Nowotarska-Romaniak,Julita Czyżewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

The objective of the paper is to analyze the elderly customer segment (above 65 years old) as the consumers of private health services. The demographic and social characteristics of elderly people are presented in terms of such factors as: life expectancy, education level, income, professional activity, as well as objective and subjective assessment of health condition. The paper covers also the consumer needs and behaviors of seniors in the area of health services in recent years, i.e. the frequency and type of services utilized and the structure of expenditures allocated for this purpose. Then, in relation to the services guaranteed by the public system, a comparison of the commercial product offer for the elderly is made. The last part of the article touches the aspect of development of the product offer for the elderly, especially with the use of telemedical solutions.

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ÇOCUKLARIN KORONA SALGINI KONULU RESİMLERİNİN GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL ANALİZİ

Author(s): Sezen Aksu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Definitely, the most important event of 2020 has been the COVID-19 Pandemic, which has affected the whole world and created a change in all aspects socially, economically and psychologically. The way of life in this process, measures taken, practices, prohibitions have caused some effects on children as well as adults, and a number of restrictions have been made from educational life to social life. With this research, it is aimed to reveal the feelings and thoughts of the children, who are seen as the voice of the future, about how they perceive the pandemic through the pictures they made. For this purpose, the pictures of 25 students between the ages of 9-12 who attend Kastamonu Science and Art Center about corona pandemic were analyzed by semiotic method. In the analysis, the “sign, indicator and signage” classification used in Saussure's semiotics method, and the results were described by analyzing the indicators, signifiers, and signifiers that students use the most. As a result of the research, it was observed that the students showed a more egocentric approach, street-park display is at the forefront as a venue, in general, negative emotions, longing for the street, nature, and outdoors stand out.

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Consumption of dental services: Medical tourism in CEE

Author(s): Adrian Lubowiecki-Vikuk / Language(s): English Issue: 3/1/2018

The aim of this paper is to explain the growing phenomenon of the consumption of dental services beyond the place of the patient’s permanent residence. The essence and the scope of the phenomenon are discussed and the main factors affecting its development are indicated. The elements of the service package offered by dental clinics are identified. A critical analysis is conducted of relevant literature items. The paper constitutes an introduction to further research that will take account of medical tourists’ leisure activities, the dental tourism dysfunctions and the specificity of the medical tourism sub-segment in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE).

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Economics of the Financial Crisis: Any Lessons for the Pandemic Downturn and Beyond?

Author(s): Hamid Elyassi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The world economy entered the third decade of this century with uncertainties and challenges of COVID-19 pandemic before it had fully recovered from the lingering aftereffects of the financial crisis. The financial crisis ended a period of overall global economic growth and price stability during which globalization and its principles of trade, economic and political liberalization were widely held as the emerging international economic and political order. In domestic economy, most countries favored supply-side economics and monetary policy in a free-market setting. This paper appeals to economic logic and empirical evidence to critically study external and internal economic processes and policies particularly of major world economies to identify what caused the unanticipated onset of the banking crash and why the ensuing persistent downturn defied remedial measures. It concludes that major trading powers departed from their declared commitment to free trade and its basic rules with no effective institutional safeguards and deterrents. Internally, absence of efficient monitoring and supervision of workings of nominal and real sectors allowed anomalies to develop within the market economy unnoticed. As regards inefficacy of policies against several years of stagnation, the paper discusses asymmetric performance of monetary tools and problematic application of fiscal policy to suggest revisiting supply-side and Keynesian approaches against their past performance and forge an eclectic kit of analytical and policy tools alongside the necessary organizational reforms.

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Приложение на изследователския подход за развитие на научна грамотност при изучаване химичните процеси в обучението по химия и опазване на околната среда – Х клас

Author(s): Yordanka Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

For the future life of young people their scientific education will allow them to live and act adequately in a society influenced by the ideas and values of science. Therefore, in the center of many educational systems an emphasis is placed on forming and developing scientific literacy in students. Inquiry-based approach in education is one of the important means for its formation and development as it puts the students in a situation where they carry out research activity, describe and analyze its results. In this article is presented an attempt to use inquiry-based approach in the study of chemical processes in Chemistry and environmental protection in the10th. class. For its implementation a methodical model for application of scientific approach based on constructivist theories in education is developed. The results of a conducted experimental training for the determination of the expediency of the model are presented. A test is developed for establishing the training of students with an emphasis on scientific literacy. Testing results show that the developed methodical model creates good conditions for the development of scientific literacy.

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Jak SARS-CoV-2 wdarł się do szkół i uczelni, czyli o językowych zmianach rzeczywistości szkolnej i akademickiej w dobie pandemii

Author(s): Piotr A. Owsiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The paper is an attempt at connecting the area of emotions accompanying the learning and teaching process with an analysis of the foreign language interferences. The influences taken into consideration follow from the language contact in the context of the extralingual factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The research area is constituted by the selected foreign language morphemes and lexemes derived from the virus pandemic nomenclature in German language in the school and university reality. The analysis focuses on lexemes which have come into German following the spread of the pandemic. The lexemes are sorted with regard to their structure, the way they are formed, as well as their assimilation grade in the lexical and morphological system of the target language.

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A New Dimension of Risks in Sports: The Cyber Domain

Author(s): Eyal Pinko / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2021

The digital era and the increasing technological reliance of sport are showing a new face of threat and present a new challenge to the sports organizations – assuring the cybersecurity of the organization, the event, the team. While cybersecurity is a central topic during the design and implementation of the security of major sports events for more than a decade, the sports organizations get newly introduced in the domain, and unfortunately, some happen to learn lessons painfully – by suffering a cyber-attack. The present article aims to examine different kinds of cyber threats to which sports organizations are exposed by studying the most common types of attackers, motivation, and the means used for an attack. The applied methodology includes a literature review and case study performed on cases from three types of categories: major sports events; sports administering bodies, clubs, and athletes. The results of the analysis provide systematic information about the most common attackers’ types, motivations, and approaches which can be used as a foundation for further development of cybersecurity risk assessment of sports organizations.

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“Social-Distancing” as a Chance to Revise the Paradoxes of Humanistic Philosophy: Personality Vs. Identity in Online Artistic Practices of the Pandemic

Author(s): Natalia Dorfman / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2021

In the article, the author investigates the correlations between the bounds of individual freedom and external constraints, aiming to view the present pandemic as an opportunity to study the boundaries of freedom. She supports the point of view, which understands the whole period since the end of the Middle Ages till nowadays as a period of constant liberation of human’s creative forces. Nevertheless, she agrees that the philosophy of humanism contains a paradox in itself. The more one affirms oneself, liberating his/her personality – the more he/she loses this inner self. This loss of self results in a feeling of individual isolation and powerlessness when a personality is dissolved in different behavioral patterns adopted from the outside. The author also pays much attention to distinguishing between the notions of personality and identity. She claims that despite the fact that these two concepts are very close to each other and are often used as synonyms, they still are of different nature, and there is a significant difference between them. Based on the understanding of freedom in Immanuel Kant’s philosophy and Erich Fromm’s approach, the author turns to sociological surveys of the artistic sphere in 2020 to show that despite the obvious loss caused by the pandemics, and the fact that art as a professional sphere suffers a deep crisis, the pandemic has unexpectedly become a stimulus for a search of a new combination of “personality” and “identity.” Several lockdowns in Europe and the US have suddenly become the stimuli for more personal freedom, which is found in art as a way to break the chain of causality.

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Reconsidering Language Assessment Courses in Teacher Training Programs During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Ferit Kılıçkaya / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Assessing learners’ performance is crucial as it informs about learners’ achievement levels in addition to their strengths and weaknesses, not only in face-to-face but also in online teaching. The study aimed at investigating the challenges faced by language teachers in assessing learners during online teaching and to offer some suggestions regarding language assessment courses in teacher training programs. The study adopted a qualitative approach to data collection and analysis. The participants included 22 language teachers aged between 24 to 48. Of these teachers, 8 were male, while the rest were female. Their teaching experience varied from 2 to 25 years, with an average of 11.8 years. The data was based on the responses of the participants during semi-structured interviews. The participants were asked to attend ZOOM meetings to be held, considering their availability. The interviews lasted 10 to 25 minutes. The results of the study indicated that the challenges faced by the participants included five major themes: Assessment type, assessment item formats, support, previous training (assessment literacy), and academic integrity. Several suggestions were offered considering online testing and assessment literacy and language assessment courses in teacher training programs.

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Lissa: An EthnoGraphic Experiment

Author(s): Dominika Ferens / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The paper analyzes a recent experiment in the collaborative production of ethnographic knowledge and the use of the graphic novel form as an alternative to the conventional academic monograph. Lissa: A Story about Medical Promise, Friendship, and Revolution (2017) is discussed here as a useful tool in the age of globalization for building recognition of the need to protect the lives of people other than our immediate kin, tribe, race, or nation. The paper argues that both the collaborative research behind the story and the formal experimentation stem from the authors’ sense of accountability to their informants. By telling a story about distant others who are given names and faces, Lissa’s authors encourage readers to develop empathy across borders.

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