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Age Variations and Sexual Dimorphism in Adiposity and Body Composition Among Tribal Adolescents of Kharagpur, West Bengal, India

Author(s): Gopal Chandra Mandal,Saheli Biswas,Pijush Kanti Roy,Kaushik Bose / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2021

Objectives. Although tribals constitute around 8.6% of the total population of India, detailed information on their body composition is scanty. Thus, our objective was to evaluate age variations and sexual dimorphism in adiposity and body composition among rural tribal adolescents of Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 788 tribal adolescent boys and girls, aged 10-17 years of Kharagpur, West Midnapore, West Bengal, India. Height (kg), weight (cm) and skinfolds were measured following standard method. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was derived. Body composition measures including Percent Body Fat (PBF), Fat Mass (FM), Fat Free Mass (FFM), Fat Mass Index (FMI) and Fat Free mass Index (FFMI) were computed using standard equations. Results. All the variables showed a significant age trend in both sexes. Age-combined significant sex differences existed in mean BMI and all body composition measures. Girls had significantly higher mean values of fat measures (PBF, FM and FMI) whereas boys had significantly higher mean values of non-fat measures (FFM and FFMI). In both sexes, age had significant correlations with BMI and the five body composition measures. Similarly, all body composition indicators were significantly correlated with BMI in both sexes. Conclusions. There were significant age and sex variations in body composition measures. Girls had significantly more fat mass whereas boys had more lean body mass. All body composition measures increased significantly with increasing age as well as BMI. Attainment of puberty could be a mediating factor causing these age variations and sexual dimorphism.

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Phraseologische Strukturen in Hermann Kinders autobiografischer Krankheitserzählung „Der Weg allen Fleisches“ (2014)

Author(s): Christian Thienel / Language(s): German Issue: 73/2020

Hermann Kinder’s novel contains a conspicuous number of phraseological elements, which is unusual for the writing style of this author. The article describes the accumulation of phraseological and idiomatic material and its usage as a literary stylistic resource. The analysis focuses on the relation of the linguistic appearance and the aesthetic function of the phraseologisms. Therefore, the article intends to contribute to an interdisciplinary method of interpretation, linking linguistic and literary studies. It also includes psychoanalytic concepts to describe the author’s specific linguistic expression of his autobiographical experience of illness. The aesthetic function of the phraseologisms and idiomatic phrases changes in relation to the novel’s progress. In the beginning, collocations increase the cohesion of the text in order to create an image of health. When the disease becomes more and more evident, the emotional affection of the protagonist is being controlled by formulistic linguistic elements. In addition, the author unmasks the pragmatic automatism of the medical language and the failure of its empathetic function by ironically evoking the ambiguity of idiomatic phrases. As a contrast, the narrator refers back to a comforting symbolic language by using linguistic patterns of fairy tales as an imitation of phraseological components. As a result, the analysis indicates that the inclusion of phraseological material in this literary pathobiography seems to provide a linguistic space of shelter for the suffering protagonist.

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Macroeconomic Effects of Trade Tariffs: A Case Study of the U.S.-China Trade War Effects on the Economy of the United States

Author(s): Sandra Žemaitytė,Laimutė Urbšienė / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2020

This paper explores the macroeconomic effects of trade tariffs in the context of the recent trade conflict between the United States and China. The focus is laid on two trade war scenarios, and one of them takes into account the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global trade flows. After deploying the partial equilibrium SMART model, the authors conclude that solely due to the trade war with China, in 2020, the US total trade balance will improve by 41,020 million USD (0.21% of real GDP), while 43,777 million USD (0.22% of real GDP) of the US imports will have to be sourced from other countries. The US trade intensity with China and welfare will decline. However, our study has found that the potential economic consequences of COVID-19 will reduce the relative effects of the trade war. The study has revealed that the United States economy will benefit from the trade war, which can be explained by a relatively weak China’s retaliatory response. Nevertheless, the US agriculture and automotive sectors will suffer most.

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Demografske promjene i mirovinski sustavi u Europskoj uniji: primjer Hrvatske

Author(s): Ante Samodol / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2021

The paper relates the issues of general depopulation and population ageing within existing and new pension systems in a changing macroeconomic environment of the European Union. At the EU level, the paper analyses and presents demographic factors and the consequences of demographic and macroeconomic trends. The demographic and economic assumptions upon which most existing EU pension systems are based have changed significantly. The paper researches the case of Croatia: natural growth and migration balance as demographic potential, and changes in the working population as economic potential. Unlike official public policies, it is suggested here that low employment is not a problem of demographics or pensions, but mostly an economic one. Croatia's pension potential is studied on employment distribution, wages, and pensions. Using empirical data, levels of inequality in employment and wages were calculated. In addition to low salaries and pensions, Gini coefficients show that Croatia has no inequality in the distribution of wages and that it has moderate levels of inequality in the distribution of pension payments in Pillar II and Pillar I. It was also found that Croatia does not use the available demographic potential to fulfil its economic potential through higher productivity, employment, wages and pensions, and that a significant problem lies in the material deprivation of the population. According to the Croatian experience, demographic problems are declarative and cannot be solved separately and outside the context of the pension system. Negative demographic trends are most often directly related to the deficits of the pension system, while pension problems and reforms are justified only by negative demographic trends, which closes the circle, and the problems persist.

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Contribuţia societăţii naţionale de Cruce Roşie la cucerirea şi păstrarea independenţei naţionale (1877-1918)

Author(s): Radu Coroamă,Constantin Dumitrescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/1978

Les auteurs de l'ouvrage mettent en évidence la contribution remarquable apportée par la Société Nationale de la Croix Rouge de la Roumanie au noble effort de notre peuple pour la conquête de l'indépendance d'Etat pendant les glorieuses années 1877—1878 ; 1916—1918. On mentionne que toutes les mesures d'organisation prises par la Société Nationale de la Croix Rouge ont eu comme but la préparation dans les meilleures conditions de celle-ci, pour pouvoir assumer les tâches qui lui revenaient pendant la guerre. La Société Nationale de la Croix Rouge a été un véritable catalyseur des masses : elle a contribué à la levée des donations destinées à soutenir les troupes et certains de ses membres ont pris part effectivement à la guerre (soignant les malades et les blessés) faisant preuve d'abnégation, d'esprit de sacrifice, de patriotisme ; d'ailleurs pour leur héroïsme beaucoup d'eux ont été décorés. Pendant les années de la première guerre mondiale, la Société de la Croix Rouge de la Roumanie a agi dans des conditions extrêmement difficiles sur le territoire temporairement occupé et en Moldavie, soignant les malades, les blessés, les invalides, les orphelins... Par cette vole les auteurs de l'ouvrage rendent hommage à tous ceux qui ont déployé une activité soutenue dans le cadre de la Croix Rouge ne se ménageant en rien pour conquérir et maintenir l'Indépendance nationale.

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The Relationship Between Consumer Behaviour, Attitudes and Acceptance of Public Policy Tools Advancing Sustainable Food Consumption

Author(s): Anna Wielicka-Regulska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Research background: The great importance of food consumption for the sustainability of food systems means that active public policy in this area can have a lot of positive effects. Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to present the challenges facing the agri-food sector and to study consumer attitudes towards seasonal and organic food, local food, urban agriculture, food waste and meat consumption, carbon footprints and how these attitudes relate to the acceptance of public policy tools (a tax on junk food, a green public procurement, a deposit on plastic bottles, a tax-free donation of food to public benefit organisations, a fee for wasted food for large retailers) that could transform food distribution and consumption. Research methodology: cardinality tables and interdependence analysis using Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient Results: The study revealed that most respondents buy seasonal food when possible and limit meat consumption to some extent. They are rarely influenced by the impact of food on the climate. Most people are in favour of offering dishes based on local food in public institutions with catering (hospitals, schools, prisons, etc.). Most respondents were negative about gardening for food production. Involvement in local food was associated with a higher acceptance for green public procurement and higher VAT on junk food. Novelty: Both the range of considered policy instruments and the analysis of their acceptance in the context of selected behaviours and attitudes have not been previously studied and make up a new area of inquiry essential in the debate on sustainable food consumption.

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The Importance of Well-Being and Satisfaction With Life in Reading- Comprehension and Mathematical Abilities in Deaf and Hearing Individuals

Author(s): Yahir Gonzalez,Diego-Oswaldo Camacho-Vega / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2021

Objectives. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate if there are significant differences in reading-comprehension and mathematics between deaf and hearing individuals, identify if the level of Psychological Well-Being and Subjective Well-Being is related to higher mastery in reading- comprehension and mathematics, and finally, determine if self-perceived disadvantages in reading and mathematics by deaf individuals are related with their mastery in reading and mathematics tasks. Material and methods. A mixed-method was conducted including correlational and topological analysis of speech. The sample was constituted by 58 volunteers: five deaf individuals (age M =28.4) and 53 hearings (age M =18.75). Participants responded to the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Ryf ́s Scales of Psychological Well-Being after solving the Adults Reading Evaluation and the Buenos Aires Mathematics test. Results. Higher scores were found for the hearing group in reading and mathematics. No correlations were found between Satisfaction with Life and reading and mathematics neither between Psychological Well-Being and reading and mathematics for both groups. The qualitative analysis indicated that deaf individuals perceived no differences in their reading-comprehension and mathematics skills regarding hearings, but they scored significantly lower than hearings. Conclusions. This study corroborated results from previous research about the differences in reading- comprehension and mathematical abilities between deaf and hearing individuals. This study identifies that differences between deaf and hearings might be more related to other factors such as the lack of awareness of difficulties in reading-comprehension and mathematics, while satisfaction with life and psychological well-being appears to be related to employment difficulties.

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Učinci pandemije izazvane koronavirusom na gospodarstvo – svjetska i domaća iskustva i lekcije

Author(s): Mira Šunjić-Beus,Danijela Martinović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 117-118/2021

Pandemija izazvana koronavirusom ostavila je nesagledive posljedice po zdravstveni sustav i gospodarstvo diljem svijeta. Zemlje su se na različite načine suočile s novim I dotad nepoznatim izazovima. Neke zemlje su više a neke manje uspješno implementirale mjere s ciljem zaštite pučanstva i gospodarstva u cjelini. U ovom članku prezentirane su posljedice pandemije te mjere koje su implementirane diljem svijeta. Predstavljena su i iskustva i učinci provedenih mjera u Federaciji BiH i nižih razina, s posebnim naglaskom na mjere potpore malim i srednjim poduzećima. Moguće je zaključiti da zbog ograničenih financijskih mogućnosti te podjele nadležnosti nije bilo moguće implementirati sve potrebite mjere; pojedine mjere podrške poduzetnicima pokazale su se uspješnima, no bilo je i mjera koje nisu bile pravodobne i nisu obuhvatile sve subjekte kojima je pomoć bila potrebna. Iz dosadašnjih iskustava vidljivo je da vlasti moraju usmjeriti značajnija sredstva za potporu gospodarstvu te je prijeko potrebnu višu razinu koordinacije i suradnje među različitim razinama vlasti u Bosni i Hercegovini.

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The Role of the Global Capability Framework within the Strategic Communication Profession in an Emerging Post COVID-19 Context: A South African Perspective

Author(s): Dalien Rene Benecke,Clarissa Muir,Deidré Porthen,Helena Van Wyk,Neeltje M. Du Plessis / Language(s): English Issue: 27 (1)/2021

This paper presents the findings of a South African pilot study based on the Global Capability Framework (GCF) and aimed to explore the perceptions of senior Public Relations and Strategic Communication academics and industry leaders of the influence COVID-19 had on their personal capabilities to practice communication; determine their assumptions about the Global Capability Framework and its application within given contexts; and reflect on the future of the communication profession in South Africa. The focus was on the role of the individual Public Relations and Strategic Communication professional as leader and influencer in their respective context. The participants consisted of 10 senior academic and industry leaders who engaged in qualitative interviews. Data was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis as identified by Braun and Clarke (2006, p.82) which include “identifying, analysing, and reporting patterns [themes] within data.” The findings of this paper contribute to the current understanding of Strategic Communication practice and the influence that COVID-19 had on personal practice of both industry and academic participants. This pilot study revealed a limited awareness of the GCF but unequivocally confirmed the relevance and value of the framework and its contribution to both the academic and industry practice. Although many of the participants indicated an awareness of GCF, it was evident that a Strategic Communication mindset is required when the principles of the framework are applied within their respective contexts. Participants reflected on the various crises they encountered but one industry participant specifically reported on the need to implement a transformational approach to address the strategic change required to deal with such disruptive events. Both the academic and industry participants also highlighted the detrimental effects the pandemic had on the mental health of practitioners, academics and students. However, the adoption and effective use of technology in navigating the disruptive influence of COVID-19 was explicit in portraying its advantage to industry.

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PROGNOZA KONSEKWENCJI KRYZYSU ZWIĄZANEGO Z COVID-19 W OPINII EKSPERTÓW

Author(s): Piotr L. Wilczyński,Natalia Adamczyk,Mirosław Matyja / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2020

Z inicjatywy prof. Pawła Soroki powołany został zespół badawczy, którego zadaniem jest opracowanie raportu o skutkach kryzysu wywołanego przez wprowadzenie stanu prawnego zwanego pandemią COVID-19. Szczegółowe informacje na temat raportu znajdują się na stronie internetowej zespołu: raportokryzysie.pl. Dzięki uprzejmości koordynatora projektu, Przegląd Geopolityczny ma możliwość opublikowania części wyników badań zespołu dotyczącej kwestii geopolitycznych, jeszcze przed ich ogłoszeniem w formie publikacji książkowej.

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ŚWIAT PO PANDEMII - NOWA RZECZYWISTOŚĆ CZY CYFROWY GUŁAG

Author(s): Dorota CZAKON-TRALSKI,Bogdan Pliszka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 36/2021

Na progu dystopii czy antyutopii? 1 stycznia 2020 roku w Chińskiej Republice Ludowej rozpoczął pracę system Beidou (Li Wang, 2016). W założeniu jest to system nawigacyjny pomocny w transporcie i podróżach, podobnie, jak amerykański system GPS i rosyjski GLONASS. O ile jednak dla dwóch ostatnich pozycjonowanie osób czy pojazdów jest głównym, a często jedynym zadaniem, Beidou jest częścią zdecydowanie bardziej totalnego Systemu Zaufania Społecznego (SZS, chiń. 社会信用体系, shèhuì xìnyòng tǐx). Już od 2015 roku rząd chiński we wspólpracy z podmiotami prywatnymi prowadził próby zastosowania systemu w kilku chińskich miastach. Poza satelitarnym pozycjonowaniem każdy mieszkaniec Chin poddany jest nadzorowi kilkuset milionów kamer ulicznych. Prawdopodobnie w skład systemu wchodzą również kamery przemysłowe zainstalowane w zakładach pracy. Użytkownicy przestrzeni publicznej są pozycjonowani i śledzeni niemal na każdym kroku. Dodatkowo System Zaufania Społecznego wyposażony został w aplikację rozpoznawania twarzy (Domański, 2018).

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ON SOCIAL EUROPE AFTER COVID-19

Author(s): Martin Aidnik / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Europe, the old world, was the epicentre of Covid-19 after its initial emergence and incubation in China. Having resulted in vast human misery, the pandemic raises necessary questions about the future direction of Europe – what kind of Europe will emerge from the devastation – and, moreover, will the eruption of the European societies be used as an opportunity for changing, i.e. recalibrating Europe? The overarching concern of this article is social Europe, i.e. Europe with a commitment to ‘good society’, conducive to human wellbeing. The article analyses the response to the virus in Europe and by the European Union. It contextualizes the response within the framework laid by the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 and the handling of the sovereign debt crisis of 2010. Thereafter, I turn to the ‘Manifesto for the Democratization of Europe’ by leading French social thinkers from 2018, in order to discuss the reconstruction of the eurozone governance. I envision an alternative role for the European Central Bank: instead of continuing with the unsuccessful Quantitative Easing (QE) strategy, the ECB should use its capacity to pay people of Europe a temporal universal basic income, which could later be made permanent. Both the manifesto and universal basic income stand in tension to the status quo, yet remain firmly on the horizon of the possible – and necessary to restore human well-being to the guiding principles of the European political economy.

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Varia. Suffering in Mental Illnesses. Contemporary Philosophical Perspectives upon Subjectivity, Corporality and the Abatements of Personal Autonomy

Author(s): Codruța Liana Cuceu,Horațiu Traian Crișan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Within this paper we will offer a short overview of the conceptual distinctions offered by three different contemporary philosophical perspectives, namely phenomenology, embodied cognition and applied medical ethics which prove to be useful in approaching the issue of suffering involved in mental illnesses. The aim of this article is to argue that the suffering experienced in mental illnesses can be expressed firstly as a “pathology” of subjectivity or as a difficulty occurred in structuring the subjective mundane experience. Secondly, we will attempt to explain how suffering in mental illnesses can be conceived as dysfunctionalities in the experience of the lived body’s intermediation of the subject being-in-the-world. Finally, the purpose of this article is to demonstrate that suffering in mental illnesses also employs a social component, by affecting personal autonomy and by distorting the decision-making process of the sufferer.

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Медицинский дискурс в романе Ю. О. Домбровского «Обезьяна приходит за своим черепом»

Author(s): Igor A. Kravchuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

The article explores the poetics of Yu. O. Dombrovsky’s novel The Monkey Comes for its Skull (1943–1959) through the prism of medical discourse, which occupies a prominent place in the structure of the work. Every appeal of the novel’s characters to medical discourse indicates a situation of communicative shift, the breakdown of connections between words and things. Thus, “medicalization” becomes one of the symptoms of the new paradoxical reality of occupied and post-war Europe. Contrary to the Enlightenment paradigm, a medical view of the motifs of human actions does not reveal the truth, but on the contrary, leads away from it. For Dombrovsky’s work, ancient Stoic philosophy with its understanding of wisdom as therapy of the soul, the completeness of self-control and absolute spiritual freedom is also important. Sooner or later, each of the characters has to remain one-on-one with his own conscience and moral dilemmas, while auxiliary discursive practices cease to be an effective means of social camouflage. The ideological composition of the work corresponds to a specific narrative technique and motif structure, which is characterized by the use of genre techniques of detective and spy novels. In general, the novel The Monkey Comes for Its Skull offers the reader an alternative to “new prose,” with its demonstrative rejection of fictionality, its accent on documentary, factography. Dombrovsky prefers to overcome the “literariness” of literature from within the prevailing genre and aesthetic conventions, synthesizing and transforming various types of discourses, including medical ones.

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Zabójstwo eutanatyczne jako anormalna sytuacja motywacyjna

Author(s): Magdalena Kowalewska-Łukuć / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35 (3)/2021

The article deals with the issue of the possibility of classifying some cases of euthanasia as the so-called abnormal motivational situation of the perpetrator. Therefore, with the literature on the function of motivation under criminal law as a basis, the article attempts to discuss the essence of an abnormal motivational situation using the concepts of motivational background and motivational conflict, and to translate these factors into the features of a prohibited act under Art. 150(1) of the Criminal Code. Moreover, using the interpretation of Art. 150(2) of the Criminal Code and views of criminal law scholars, the article analyses the function of Art. 150(2) of the Criminal Code and tries to demonstrate the legitimacy of a further reduction of criminal liability due to the abnormal motivational situation of the euthanasia’s perpetrator.

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COOPERAREA CELOR DOUĂ MALURI ALE NISTRULUI ÎN DOMENIUL SANITAR PE PERIOADA PANDEMIEI COVID-19

Author(s): Mihai Melintei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

COVID-19 has brought unprecedented global challenges and created additional risks to the Transdniestrian conflict negotiation process. The Transdniestrian region's limited contacts with the international community have not prevented the spread of the virus, and the lack of international cooperation and the often strained relations between Chisinau and Tiraspol have led to a dilemma over how to deal with the pandemic crisis. However, in some respects, the pandemic situation has created a unique opportunity to catalyze the parties' negotiations to jointly address pandemic issues. The parties managed to find modus vivendi in order to overcome and counteract a spectrum of problems. Refraining from political positions that risk undermining cooperative response efforts against the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19), officials on both banks of the Dniester have begun collaborating directly in the health field in areas such as: training medical staff; humanitarian medical assistance; distribution of vaccine lots; implementation of vaccination certificates. However, the issue of importing medicines into the Transdniestrian region remains open.

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Ядерные компоненты концептосферы ‘Medicine’ в современном английском языке

Author(s): Anastasia Alexandrovna Golubykh / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

The conceptual framework ‘medicine’ within the English lexicographic, scientific, educational, and mass-media discourse was considered in this paper. The research was motivated by current medical innovations accompanied by word-coining contributing to the renewal of nuclear concepts and their semantic content within the conceptual framework ‘medicine’. The nuclear concepts of the abovementioned conceptual framework focusing upon semantic, synonymic, and hyper-hyponymic features of medical nouns in English were studied and systematized. For this purpose, the methods of data collection, description, and classification of the empirical materials with elements of semantic and conceptual analysis were used. The key aspects of the modern conceptual framework ‘medicine’ were identified. It was discovered that the conceptual framework ‘medicine’ in the modern English lexicographic, scientific, educational, and mass-media types of discourse is basically actualized through the following nuclear concepts: ‘diseases’, ‘diagnostics and treatment methods’, and ‘drugs’. Interestingly, the nuclear concepts in all types of the English professional discourse enrich and develop the conceptual framework ‘medicine’ with medical terms related to the corresponding professional markers, synonyms, hyponyms, and hyperonyms. The results obtained provide both a valid background for better explanation, translation, and application of medical vocabulary in terms of modern lexicographic, scientific, educational, and mass-media communication strategies.

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Poklicne bolezni in z delom povezane bolezni v Sloveniji

Author(s): Nina Vodopivec / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 3/2021

The author links the current systemic lack of regulation of occupational diseases in Slovenia to the socio-political changes and transformations of political relations that have taken place in the last thirty years – to the paradigm of self-responsibility in the feld of health and work and to the social understanding occupational diseases and work-related illnesses. She also focuses on the history of the occupational health and safety profession. She does not look at occupational health and safety from the biomedical viewpoint but rather fom the political-economic and socio-cultural perspective. She explains occupational health as a political and social phenomenon related to people‘s structural vulnerability. In her exploration of the experiences of work-related illness and injury, the author draws on ethnographic research with textile workers.

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What is the Government Really Pursuing by Introducing Quarantine Measures in the Conditions of COVID-19? The Case of Ukraine

Author(s): Vitalii Nitsenko / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2021

New challenges in the COVID-19 pandemic for Ukraine turned out not to draw the authorities (President, the Cabinet of Ministers, and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine) with people, enhancing support in difficult economic conditions, support for small and medium-sized businesses, and the introduction of quarantine and enhancing control in all spheres of the people life.

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Institucinė pagalba šeimoms, auginančioms vaikus su negalia, socialinės įtraukties kontekste: vaikų dienos centrų analizė

Author(s): Laura Gardziulevičienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2 (51)/2021

The article examines the availability of institutional support for families raising children with disabilities. The aim of the study is to identify opportunities for social inclusion of children with disabilities in the children’s day center. Families raising children with disabilities are unable to function fully in public life due to the lack of access to services. Access to services and assistance, for the most vulnerable groups, depends on the attitude of state social policy makers, financial resources, cooperation, public involvement and, ultimately, the family’s own readiness to participate in public life. The methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparative analysis of scientific literature were used in the research. The research revealed that the mechanism of children’s day care centers operating in Lithuania does not correspond to the model of creating an inclusive environment. Therefore, political decisions are needed on the development of services and the development of social inclusion at both the state and municipal levels, taking into account the needs of families raising children with disabilities. The practical significance of the study is that the study is useful for improving the accessibility of social services for families with children with disabilities and developing the concept of social inclusion.

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