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Intention to Purchase Alcohol by Adults in the Country in Transition: The Effects of Health Consciousness, Self-Efficacy and Religion Importance

Author(s): Mindaugas Sinkevičius / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2016

The major trend in modern societies is towards encouragement of the reduction of alcohol use; however, this is not always in line with the various contexts and occasions. Individual factors may present rather non-homogeneous groups that often exert totally opposite influence on the intention to purchase alcohol. This research aims to examine the phenomenon of adult intention to purchase alcohol in Lithuania as a country in transition influenced by an individual’s health-consciousness, self-efficacy and religion importance. The nature of these factors is very different; their essence may lie in a rather individualistic concern about personal health, or can be linked with rather distant, but strong personal beliefs, priorities or lifestyles. Therefore, this research aimed to explore these effects. A total of 487 completed questionnaires were collected to perform the research. The findings reveal that health consciousness and religion importance have a significant influence on alcohol purchase intention among adults. However, self-efficacy proved to be of low influence.

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Alkoholio kontrolės įstatymo pakeitimai žiniasklaidoje: atvejo analizė

Author(s): Vaida Kalinkaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 82/2018

Political science and mass communication studies have proven long ago that media outlets can affect public opinion. This is especially important when political choices are made. The media can determine how the public will react to changes. In our case, we delve into a potential threat of a biased public opinion (favorable to certain business subjects, politicians or others parties) being formed. This relates to the media outlets or organizations stepping over the boundaries of ethics for a chance to make a profit from certain interested individuals, organizations or companies. This study addresses the problem of how the changes in the legislation of alcohol control have been reflected in the Lithuanian online newspapers 15min. lt, Delfi.lt and Lrytas.lt. Our study object pertains to how the changes in the law of alcohol control are being reflected. The aim of this article is to examine how these changes of law have been reflected in Lithuanian media. A qualitative case study was conducted using content analysis. The results of the research show that the abovementioned Lithuanian online newspapers reflected a rather one-sided evaluation of the law changes. Most of the changes were reflected in a negative way; there were more negative than positive publications informing about the changes. Although similar tendencies have been identified in all the online newspapers, Lrytas.lt happened to stand out. There were publications that had no clear sources of information; the authors of the publications were not mentioned as well. Furthermore, there were publications criticizing not the changes themselves but certain members of the parliament. The appliance of ethical norms was deemed to be more characteristic of Delfi.lt and 15min.lt.

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ORGANIZED CRIMINALITY - CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL THREAT

Author(s): Cătălin Peptan / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2019

CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY IS CURRENTLY EXPERIENCING AN UNPRECEDENTED EXACERBATION OF THE NEW, INCREASINGLY SOPHISTICATED AND OFFENSIVE FORMS OF ORGANIZED CRIME, WHICH CREATES SPECIAL DIFFICULTIES IN THE PREVENTION AND COMBATING OF TRADITIONAL MEANS. ORGANIZED CRIME HAS ALREADY BECOME THE MAIN ENEMY OF THE STABILITY OF THE INTERNAL SECURITY EQUATION, PART OF THE GLOBAL PHENOMENON CALLED MARY KALDOR'S THE "NEW WAR".1 IN THE MODERN SOCIETY, THE ORGANIZED CRIME KNOWS A PERMANENT EXPANSION OF THE VARIETY OF WAYS OF MANIFESTATION, AIMING TO MAXIMIZE THE PROFIT OBTAINED FROM THE CONDUCTED, LEGAL OR ILLEGAL TRANSACTIONS, INCLUDING BY THE "RECYCLING" OF THE OBTAINED FUNDS, USING ALL THE POSSIBLLITIES TO REMOVE THE OBSTACLES THAT ARE IN THE WAY, THE ULTIMATE GOAL BEING THE ACQUISITION OF INFLUENCE AND POWER AT THE SOCIETAL LEVEL. ANALYZING THE CURRENT CONTEXT OF ORGANIZED CRIMINALITY, THE AUTHORS ADDRESS SOME KEY POINTS: ORGANIZED CRIMINALITY REPRESENTS A MAJOR RISK TO MODERN HUMAN SOCIETY; THE PHENOMENON OF ORGANIZED CRIMINALITY HAS AN UNPRECEDENTED EVOLUTION AND DIVERSIFICATION, AS WELL AS A GROWING SPECIALIZATION, BOTH IN THE SO-CALLED "TRADITIONAL" CRIMINAL FIELDS (SUCH AS DRUG TRAFFICKING, ILLEGAL MIGRATION, THE PROLIFERATION OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION, TRAFFICKING OF HUMAN BEINGS, ETC.) , AS WELL AS IN DIRECTIONS THAT HAVE EXPERIENCED AN "EXPLOSION" IN THE RELATIVELY RECENT PERIOD (CYBERCRIME, TERRORISM); THE NEED TO PERMANENTLY ADAPT THE CRIMINAL LAW, TO THE MEANS AND METHODS OF KNOWING, PREVENTING AND COUNTERACTING THE PHENOMENON OF ORGANIZED CRIME, USED BY THE INSTITUTIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEFENSE OF PUBLIC SECURITY AND ORDER.

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UPOTREBA DROGA KAO OBLIK DEVIJANTNOG PONAŠANJA MEĐU MLADIMA – SOCIOLOŠKA PERSPEKTIVA

Author(s): Šahim Kahrimanović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 6/2021

Deviance and simultaneous use of drugs is explained and interpreted from several theoretical angles. Great importance in understanding this phenomenon and its presence, use and utilization among young people, has been done in the field of medical, social, psychological, biological and other sciences. Our interest in this article is focused on sociological discourse, on understanding the causes and consequences of deviance and the social character of drug use. Sociology, as a science but also as a practice, does not focus on the mistakes of individuals and the personal consequences that arise from those mistakes, in order to explain the phenomenological aspect of this phenomenon and the social problems that arise. It explores the structural and cultural factors that lead to such behaviors and problems, most commonly among the younger population. In this article, we will explain the most important sociological perspectives, as well as sociological theories, which treat deviant forms of behavior, this type of social pathologies, that is, drug use and addiction.

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TENDENCJE KONSUMPCJI WYROBÓW ALKOHOLOWYCH W EUROPIE W LATACH 2016-2019

Author(s): Izabela Surtel,Piotr Jałowiecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

The paper presents the results of research on the determination of the trend of consumption of pure alcohol per one person in the years 2017 - 2019 and an analysis of the appropriateness of applying the division of Europe into regions according to the UN M49 classification. The study was conducted for European countries, divided into Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe and Eastern Europe. Holt's exponential double smoothing method was used in the forecasting process. As a result of the conducted research, general downward trends of the phenomenon in the discussed period were demonstrated, as well as the possibility of using territorial division according to the average volume of total alcohol consumption in individual European countries.

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HEALTH ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS OF FIRST-YEAR UNIVERSITY OF WARMIA & MAZURY STUDENTS: A CALL FOR IMPLEMENTING HEALTH EDUCATION AT UNIVERSITIES

Author(s): Robert Podstawski,Elżbieta Wesołowska,Renata Gizińska,Andrzej Sołoma / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Despite the growing interest in health and the abundance of health-promoting programs and campaigns, there is a noticeable lack of such undertakings at colleges and universities. This is worrisome, considering the fact that the first-year of studies is the last phase of education in which it is possible to promote and establish a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the health attitudes and behaviours of first-year university students. A total of 700 first-year male students aged 19-20 attending the University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland) took part in the study by filling out anonymous questionnaires concerning health behaviours and attitudes regarding physical activity, nutrition, tobacco and alcohol use, stress and pro-health activities. The results indicate that physical activity of the respondents was limited to participation in the obligatory physical education classes during high school and while at university. Moreover, the students were concerned more about personal hygiene and appearance than physical fitness and proper nutrition. The majority of them did not have a regular schedule of meals and did not take vitamin supplements. The percentage of respondents who declared drinking alcohol regularly (once a week) and even every day is quite worrisome. One out of ten students reported losing consciousness multiple times as a result of binge drinking and over a third blacked out at least once during the first few months of their studies. Although only a small margin of the students surveyed can be considered to be addicted to smoking, nearly half of them admitted to smoking occasionally. Although a significant portion of students expressed a fear in stress generating situations during their studies, the majority possessed a very limited knowledge of stress coping methods. The research results indicate a clear need to implement adequate health promoting programs at the university level of education to help counteract the observed negative tendencies.

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HOOKAH AND B&H YOUTH: TOWARDS A SUBCULTURE?

Author(s): Adisa Ahmetspahić,Damir Kahrić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The basic role of this paper is the representation of the new emerging subculture among the Bosnian youth population, and that is hookah bars. This paper presents some theoretical depictions of hookahs in popular culture, definitions of subcultural trends and the connections formulated between hookahs and subcultures, but this paper also relied on a descriptive research, a survey which analyzed the notion of whether or not hookah bars are the new subculture in Bosnia. The paper concludes that hookahs can be perceived as a phenomenon heading towards a subculture, as well as the idea that hookah bars remain a fashionable part of young people’s lives in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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SELF-REGULATION, NORMATIVE BELIEFS, ALCOHOL USE AND CONSEQUENCES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FROM EASTERN EUROPE

Author(s): Ondrej Kalina,Oľga Orosová,Vilma KRIAUCIONIENE,Andrea LUKÁCS,Michal Miovský / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

This study aims to explore the associations between descriptive normative beliefs (DNB), alcohol use and negative consequences and test whether self-regulation (SR) moderates this relationship. The data was collected online from 1621 first-year university students in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania and Slovakia. The AUDIT, self-regulation questionnaire and questions regarding DNB were used. DNB were found to be positively associated with drinking across all the samples. The associations between DNB and alcohol use as well as between alcohol use and negative consequences were stronger among students with lower SR. The protective effect of SR on alcohol use and consequences combined with the theory of social influence may improve intervention accuracy and make it a promising target for intervention among young adults.

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SOCIJALNI UZROCI NASILJA NAD STARIM OSOBAMA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Sena Družić,Smaila Balić-Rahmanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 19/2021

The paper discussed a complex and insufficiently researched social phenomenon, namely violence against the elderly. The aim of the research was to describe, investigate and explain the social causes of violence against the elderly, and to offer proposals for solving the phenomenon of violence against the elderly in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The following methods were used in the research process: a descriptive method, a content analysis method, general scientific methods (statistical, comparative) and a survey research method. In terms of research instruments, a survey questionnaire for the elderly population, a survey questionnaire for professionals, a structured and unstructured interview were used. The sample of respondents consisted of 500 elderly people and 50 professionals employed in the judiciary, prosecutor's office, ministry, police, social work centers, nursing homes, health centers and NGOs, from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research results show that there are risk causes that contribute to violence against the elderly, visible in the increased cultural differences between generations in one family, and if they live in families with a history of violent behavior and a history of intragenerational and intergenerational conflicts. The social status of families, in which the elderly live, is extremely bad and does not give the possibility of a quality life to the elderly in the third age. The research results indicate that we should work on the adoption of normative legal solutions in the field of protection from violence against the elderly and their application. In order to make this happen, comprehensive education of professionals through multisectoral cooperation is necessary.

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AKILLI TELEFON KULLANIMI VE UYKU İLİŞKİSİ

Author(s): Hasan Latif,C. Gazi Uçkun / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 52/2021

İn this article, researches on the relationship between smart phone use and sleep are included. Researches have shown that the majority of young people use smartphones before going to sleep and include their smartphones in bedtime, as a result of which various sleep problems (late sleep, decrease in sleep time, wake up during sleep, wake up late, fatigue during the day and lack of motivation, body resistance decreases, inertia increases, etc.) The recommendations are discussed in the conclusion section.

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CONDUCEREA UNUI VEHICUL SUB INFLUENŢA SUBSTANŢELOR PSIHOACTIVE ÎN CONTEXTUL CONSUMULUI DE CANABIS

Author(s): Eduard Constantin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2021

Psychoactive substances are the substances provided in the content of Law no. 194/2011 on combating operations with products likely to have psychoactive effects, other than those provided by normative acts in force, the substances mentioned in special laws no. 143/2000 on preventing and combating illicit drug trafficking and consumption and no. 339/2005 on the legal regime of narcotic and psychotropic plants, substances and preparations. Cannabis, as a narcotic plant, is listed in Table II of Law no. 339/2005, respectively in Table III of Law no. 143/2000, as a risk drug, and tetrahydrocannabinol, pure extract from the cannabis plant, is listed in Table I of Law no. 339/2005, in the category of psychotropic substances, respectively in Table I of Law no. 143/2000, as a high-risk drug. The psychoactive effects of cannabis are mainly generated by the cannabinoid scientifically called delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Driving on public roads a vehicle for which the law requires the possession of a driver's license by a person under the influence of psychoactive substances, as a result of the consumption of cannabis or tetrahydrocannabinol, in its pure state, is incriminated by art. 336 para. 2 of the Criminal Code, the deed being punished with imprisonment from 1 to 5 years or with a criminal fine. By Decision no. 101/2019, on the occasion of solving an exception of unconstitutionality regarding the provisions of art. 336 para. 2 of the Criminal Code, the Constitutional Court found that the legislator understood to incriminate the act of driving a vehicle under the influence of psychoactive substances in any situation after the consumption of such substances, irrelevant concentration detected in the body, the exception being rejected. The usual ways of cannabis use are smoking and ingestion. Regarding the ability to drive, cannabis use can generate some dangerous effects for road safety such as aggression in traffic (increased speed, dangerous overtaking or violation of traffic rules), lack of a correct perception of speed, distances, significance of signs or road markings, lack of distributive attention in handling the vehicle, delayed reaction to unforeseen or urgent factors or events, impaired visual function and general health (fainting), contributing to increased risk of serious road accidents with victims. Cannabis use can decrease the ability to drive a vehicle.

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ПРОБЛЕМА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ В СУЧАСНОМУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ

Author(s): Oksana Tur,Viktoriia Shabunina,Volodymyr Ivanovich Maslak / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2021

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the problem of personality alienation in cyberspace of the information society, aimed at identifying such behavioral aspects of personality that would indicate the presence of traits, qualities, or criteria of Internet addiction or the likelihood of their occurrence. The methodology of the study was general and special methods of studying the issue, the use of which allowed achieving this goal. The set of applied methods made it possible to clarify the logical sequence, the plurality of areas of influence of the information society on the individual, and the further transformation. The main principle was historicism, which involves the consideration of any phenomenon in its self-development under the influence of various factors. The historical-structural method is used to clarify the features of self-identification in the information society. The historical-system method is aimed at analyzing society as a whole and the changes within it caused by transformational processes. Quantitative methods were used to process the results of sociological surveys and questionnaires, as well as to diagnose the process under study. The scientific novelty of the study is the expansion of ideas about the issue of alienation of an individual in the modern information space. Thanks to a sociological study conducted by the authors, it was hypothesized that Internet addiction can occur not only in adolescence but also the middle-aged people can get into the conditions of transformation of their personality. Conclusions. The beginning of the XXI century was marked by the emergence of the phenomenon of complex psychosocial relations between the individual and the information environment that surrounds him. The extraordinary opportunities that a computer gives to a person, on the one hand, open up a boundless field for creativity, and on the other hand, create and consolidate alienation between people, dramatically change basic values, ideals, and evaluations. The transformation of the individual in the modern information society demonstrates the decline of spirituality, the technicalization of life, and the transfer of priorities to the virtual environment.

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HOW EFFICIENT ARE THE WEB-BASED LEARNING METHODS IN ANTIDOPING EDUCATION OF ROMANIAN ELITE ATHLETES?

Author(s): Claudia Berbecaru,Monica Stănescu,Andrei Miclei / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2020

Providing antidoping education is one of the most important characteristics of the specialized institutions in this field. In the past, they focused on actions aimed at testing athletes in order to detect prohibited substances. Currently, the national antidoping agencies, independently or in partnership with different educational institutions (pre-university, university), or with non-formal education entities, have diversified the methods and means by which antidoping education is carried out. Web-based training methods in antidoping education is one of the new trends in this educational field specific to high-performance sport. The obvious benefits of these methods have prompted antidoping organizations worldwide or nationally to develop and use a number of online tools, such as antidoping e-Learning platforms ADel (Alpha, Coach true, Online Sport Physician Kit, Ado Kick Start, Parents' Guide to Support Clean Sport), edu.anad.ro (platform of the Romanian Antidoping Agency ), e-Learning Germany (platform of the German Antidoping Agency), e-Learning England (platform of the Antidoping Agency of England), iLiftClean Education Platform (platform of the International Weightlifting Federation). The paper aims to highlight the level of knowledge of antidoping training programs relying on web-based learning methods, among Romanian athletes. In this regard, a survey (questionnaire) was applied, based on the following: knowledge of online antidoping education tools, the frequency of platform access, and the level of efficiency perceived by the athletes who use them, the advantages and the disadvantages perceived by athletes, etc. The research was carried out on a group of 150 athletes, aged 15-35 years, practicing one of the following sports: athletics, cycling, artistic gymnastics, handball, swimming, judo, wrestling, tennis, volleyball, biathlon, bob, ice hockey, speed skating, sledding, ski jumping, downhill skiing, mountaineering, cross country skiing, snowboarding. The conclusions of the paper highlight a number of particularities of the antidoping education applied to Romanian athletes and allow the formulation of recommendations that will improve the interventions of the NADA educational actions.

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HOW DID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC CHANGE OUR ONLINE BEHAVIOR?

Author(s): Amina Duraković / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Around the globe, the COVID-19 pandemic and measures that were taken against the spread of the virus drastically changed the lives of billions of people. Work and education were forced into online space overnight, pushing people into learning new skills. COVID-19 changed the way we make and spend money, interact with others and spend our free time. But how? This paper aims to review relevant literature on this topic and give a holistic view of this phenomenon. Issues of interest that will be explored in this paper are teaching and learning, shopping, gambling, gaming, social interactions, and leisure activities. In the light of new social norms, internet addiction will be also discussed. An unparalleled event like this brings unparalleled opportunities. The world will never be the same again, but the changes brought by the deadly virus don’t have to be negative. This pandemic gave us a glimpse of our digital future and lessons we learned from it should be used to improve it.

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Na mapie rodzicielskich doświadczeń: matki i ojcowie osób z etykietą dewianta

Author(s): Renata Szczepanik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article focuses on parents of adult children who face social disapproval because of the offences they committed or their behavioural problems caused by addictions. There are very few studied devoted to this topic. When delinquents’ parents are considered in research, they are usually classed as “close family”, however I demonstrate that parents of delinquents merit special consideration. Drawing on the existing research, I demonstrate that there are universal problems faced by imprisoned delinquents or people with addictions, however, I argue that there are some problems specific to parents of such people. One such problem is questioning the competence of parents, particularly mothers, that resulted in the delinquent behaviour. Another problem is depriving parents of the right to disenfranchised grief resulting from separation from the delinquent child. And finally parents of delinquents experience an internal conflict within their value system and their emotions.

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Primeiro Comando da Capital and Comando Vermelho

Author(s): Kamil Jański / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2022

The era of the military junta left a legacy of draconian laws and inhumane prison conditions. The lack of effective reforms led to the rise of the prison gangs Comando Vermelho in the city of Rio de Janeiro and Primeiro Comando da Capital in the city of São Paulo. Ineffective state government policies based on relocation of problem prisoners and initial denial of their existence not only accelerated the expansion of the CV and PCC gangs in the prisons themselves but also enabled them to infiltrate the favelas. Members of the Comando Vermelho and the Primeiro Comando da Capital gangs took advantage of inequalities and racial discrimination that had existed since colonial times to maintain a negative image of the state and white elites while gaining support and potential recruits. The cocaine boom of the 1980s and the associated development of the narco-business provided the gangs with a lucrative source of income, but at the same time became a flashpoint between them, generating conflicts. Parallel with the emergence of organized crime, a multidimensional phenomenon called narco-culture arose and began to permeate popular culture. Though it, members of gangs and drug cartels sought to legitimize and gain social acceptance for narco-business, drug consumption, and their own criminal operations at the expense of lowering the authority of the state.

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INTERACTIONS AS SOURCE OF THE CHANGE OF BEHAVIOR IN ADDICTION AND RECOVERY FROM ADDICTION. AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

Author(s): Claudia Varga,Ion Copoeru / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Based on the findings about the importance of social support network in the success of treatment and long term recovery, this article will provide an insight of the successful elements in addiction individual and group counseling interaction through which addicts manage to overcome the denial of addiction, to accept the recovery program, to go through the stages of recovery, and to identify appropriate research methods for understanding the phenomenon of interaction in recovery from addictions. This exploratory study will attempt to identify an innovative perspective of the aspects pertaining to the recovery from addiction which are susceptible to be disclosed primarily by using methods inspired by the analysis of interactions. The method used in research is qualitative focus group with addictions counsellors and people in recovery, working in a counseling center. Using the application of ELAN software to annotate and transcribe interactions from the video and audio recordings, it will situate the research on addiction and recovery from addiction in the larger field of investigations on communication processes in human interactions in various cultural, social and professional contexts.

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UTICAJ KLADIONICA NA POREMEĆAJE U PONAŠANJU MLADIH LJUDI U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Sarina Bakić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 7/2022

Impact of betting on behavioral disorders among young people in Bosnia and Herzegovina is reflected individually but also has a significant social character and leave un indelible marks within entire community. This article will in the theoretical sense explain the phenomena of betting culture, what this phenomenon implies, what are the causes of this culture’s popularity in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in what way the betting reflects on behavior among young people. An attempt will be to describe social, cultural and psychological profile of young people that regularly bet, whether it is a matter of entertainment or material reasons, that in generally terms can result in serious consequences, such is pathological addiction. Author of this article considers that this problem is not adequately researched particularly from the aspect of young people and their everyday life culture, when they invest their time and money on betting. In the sociological context, it is vital to get the cause of this phenomena and its effect on society as a whole.

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ZLOUPOTREBA PSIHOAKTIVNIH SUPSTANCI I RIZIČNA PONAŠANJA MLADIH U SAVREMENOM POTROŠAČKOM DRUŠTVU - PRIKAZ SLUČAJA

Author(s): Slađana M. Dragišić Labaš,Milana M. Ljubičić / Language(s): Bosnian,Serbian Issue: 7/2022

Cross-cultural research indicates high risk factors for substance abuse and alcohol dependence by young people in the modern society. These include: cultural norms that encourage alcohol consumption (dry and wet culture), the availability of alcohol, a lack of preventive measures in the community, problems in the school environment (negative school climate), a lack of parental monitoring, positive family attitudes towards drinking, the presence of alcoholism in the family, etc. Abuse of alcohol and other PAS is associated with crime, drunk driving, poor school performance or low academic achievement, risky sexual behavior, mental problems, etc. This paper analyzes two narratives of young persons with alcohol addiction (with additional use of cocaine) examining macro and micro risk factors for the occurrence and development of alcoholism. In both cases we find the following risk factors - living in an "alcoholic" environment, a lack of primary prevention within community, early initiation, primary family alcoholism, mental and / or physical abuse of the mother by the father, problems in the school environment. Risky behaviors associated with the use of alcohol that were present in both cases are drunk driving, and in one case frequent fights and occasional drug dealing.

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POČETAK KRIMINALNE KARIJERE PENOLOŠKIH POVRATNIKA U CRNOJ GORI

Author(s): Branka Žugić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian,Montenegrine Issue: 7/2022

There are very few studies that examine criminal careers, that is studies of changes in the patterns of behavior of offenders over time. This research is focused on only one segment of the criminal career of penological returnees - its beginning. The aim of the research is focused on the phenomenological presentation of the criminal beginnings of penological returnees: the age at which the first criminal offenses are committed, the type of the first criminal offense and sociological factors that marked the criminal beginnings of penological returnees. A qualitative-quantitative research method was applied, on a sample of 100 respondents who were serving their sentences in the Prison for Long Sentences in Podgorica. The data were obtained from the analysis of prisoners' self statements and the analysis of prisoner's files. According to the data from the files, the average age of penological returnees when they first committed a crime was 23 years, and in most cases, the first crimes were property crimes. According to self-reports, 69% of respondents committed the first criminal offense which they were not prosecuted as a juvenile, and the average age when they committed the first criminal offense was 13 years. The lowest age that appears in self-statements as the beginning of committing crimes that have not been prosecuted is 8 years, and the highest is 18years. According to the self-statements of 50.73% of respondents who reported that they committed crimes as minors, as a debut crime they committed a violent crime. Sociological factors that marked the criminal beginning of penological returnees in Montenegro are: disruption of family structure or domestic violence (51%); drug abuse (69%); problem with education (63%). Knowledge of criminal careers are applicable to a wide range of social response policies including prevention, rehabilitation, but also disabling for criminal behavior. The analysis of continuous monitoring of antisocial behavior provides data thanks to which potential perpetrators of crimes can be identified at an early age. Also, according to the results obtained by the research of the beginning of a criminal career, many ways to reduce the volume of delinquency can be suggested.

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