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Aim of this academic study is to examine and evaluate internet addiction and depression in terms of gender, academic success and times being spent on the internet among high school students. This research is based on 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grade students on the academic year of 2016 – 2017 in schools of Northern Cyprus Turkish Republic. The population of the research is consisted of 85 female (42.5%), 115 male (57,5%), a total of 200 students. In the research, as a means of gathering information, Beck Depression Scale (BDS) and Internet Addiction Among Youth has been created and used by the researchers. Methods of ANOVA, t, and correlation test technique has been used to analyze data. As a result of the analyze, we concluded that internet addiction level does not vary according to gender; however, level of depression varies significantly. Depression level of female showed being significantly higher compared to depression level of male subjects. When we look at the academic success of the participants, it has been determined that, there are significant differences. In case of internet addiction, academic success varies significantly between a little bad and good ones. Some participants have over 8 hours of time spent in a day on the internet, and it has been determined that level of addiction among participants who spend 5 to 8 hours on the internet compared to participants who spend 1 to 3 hours on the internet in a day. We concluded that there is a positive correlation between depression and internet addiction.
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The paper deals with the issue of the psychoactive substances use prevention and resocialization of juveniles convicted and the role of personal constructs in this process. It is proved that facing danger, threat or a challenging event motivates individuals, juveniles convicted, to adapt or reduce stress by use of coping strategies. Among the coping resources authors consider personal coping resources, in particular, perceived self-efficacy, a personal sense of control, and selfregulatory efficacy. From a social-cognitive viewpoint, the key ingredients of any psychological treatment in the psychoactive substances use prevention should be the identification of high-risk situations that stimulate psychoactive substances use, the development and cultivation of perceived self-efficacy, and the application of adequate coping strategies.
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The rapid developments in the internet and information technologies have managed to bring people closer, even though there are distances between them. It has become easier to reach desired products, services or people and to meet different people who share their opinions in different environments. This structure, which enables individuals to be more social, has also enabled faster sharing of information. In this way, people have been under the influence of this structure. In these structures called social networks; The participants, who met with different opinions, ideas and rules, could easily reach each other in this network structure and moreover, they developed some life styles in their own lives thanks to the communities. In this study, which factors in determining the preferences of young people use technology in their secondary age range studied in Turkey is to be considered. In this study, in order to reveal the relationships, statistical analyzes were applied to the data collected by one-to-one questionnaire technique and the relationships between the variables were tried to be revealed. In this context, a survey was conducted and the aims of the students to use social media were determined. The analyzes were performed with SPSS 23 program and the results were interpreted.
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The article is based on ethnographic fieldwork and discusses the production and distribution of the Slivovitz, as well as the links between the local fruit economy and the state structures. The author shows how and why certain social actors decide to use the plums from the local orchards. She also answers how the informal / illegal intermingles with formal / legal in Łącko. She proposes considering the illegal in a more dynamic category of dialectics between the legal and the illicit.
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Coping flexibility is one of the crucial traits determining individual adaptive ability, which is associated with precise adjustment to environmental requirements in a stressful situation. One of the elements that assist in this adjustment is coping flexibility which relies on finding a strategy appropriate for the particular circumstances in which it is to be applied. People who are flexible in coping are characterized by sensitivity to subtle signals coming from the environment, which allow them to change their behavior and act in a more adaptive way. Flexibility in coping has not yet been studied in the Western population of children and adolescents. Due to the lack of methods that could record all signs of flexibility, it was reasonable to start work on a questionnaire that would measure this construct. To provide an equivalent to the Flexibility of Coping with Stress Questionnaire (FCSQ-14) for adults, the Flexibility of Coping with Stress Questionnaire for Adolescents (FCSQ-14A) was developed. Based on the results of pilot studies, assessment of competent judges (CVR < .6), and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) a tool containing 14 items – which examines three dimensions of flexibility: a repertoire of coping strategies, coping competence, and reflexivity – was created. The psychometric properties of the final version of the questionnaire were verified in terms of reliability and validity on a group of adolescents (N = 288), ages 14 to 20 (M = 16.50, SD = 1.58), in accordance with validation standards. The results showed that FCQ-14A is a valid and reliable method: most values of Cronbach’s α coefficients exceed the value of .7, absolute stability is satisfactory, as is both the internal and external validity. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in a group of adolescents for a three-factor solution showed that the model is adjusted to the data on an acceptable level (RMSEA = .057; GFI = .94; AGFI = .92).
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The liberal approach of the Polish society to people who consume alcohol changes dramatically when someone turns out to be addicted to alcohol. In relation to alcohol dependent patients moral rigidity along with judgmental attitude dominates. Alcoholism is not the only type of addiction. In relation to people addicted to drugs, the negative attitude in society is also expressed. Health harm and social problems, driven by alcohol and drug addiction, have been profoundly accumulated in the long term care social welfare facilities. Based on the Polish Constitution and relevant laws employees of social welfare homes are obliged to respect the rights of residents. Nonetheless, the Polish Ombudsman (the Commissioner for Human Rights) revealed numerous examples of violations of the residents’ rights. This phenomenon is particularly intensified in the case of addicted residents of long term care social welfare facilities. In addition, alcohol and drug addiction nursing facilities drives antisocial behaviours towards non-addicted vulnerable residents. Nevertheless, the rights of non-addicted residents to be protected from harm resulting from alcohol and drug addiction of other residents have been profoundly neglected. The aim of the paper is therefore to comprehensively describe the problem of addiction in social welfare homes, give the most striking examples of breaking the rights of residents and suggest some solutions aimed at better protection of the rights of both addicted and non-dependent residents of social welfare homes in Poland.
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This article analyzes the phenomenon of using computer games by young people. The aim of the own study was to learn and analyze the motives, emotions and problems related to the involvement of youth in gaming. The research method used was the diagnostic survey and the technique used was collective interview. The study involved 316 students from primary school (from the fifth to seventh grade) and junior high school (second and third class) from the Warmian-Masurian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodships.The results of the study show that students motivate to play, above all, the desire to entertain and enjoy playing, but games are also a way for them to counteract boredom. Participants also pointed out utilitarian motives related to games, such as the opportunity to acquire new competences or learn new skills. Young people experience mainly positive emotions while playing, but a significant number of students indicate that they feel anger during and after playing. The participants were able to characterize the person who, in their opinion, uses games excessively.
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Based on archival analysis our paper presents the research which, for the first time, examines the role of opium in some of the nation-states emerged from the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire — Bulgaria, Turkey and Serbia (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia); tracing the period before World War II. During the interwar period 43% of the opium on the international market came from the contested Macedonian region that was split between Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Greece after World War I. Following the Yugoslavian-Turkish agreement this percentage increased to 80%, while the Balkans became part of the notorious French connection. By using the methods of Histoire croisée, our report attempts to show the interrelations within the Balkan states in relation to opium politics, the porous new national borders, ethic collaboration and rivalry in the (il)legal opium trade business.
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Reason for writing and research problem(s): Empirical studies of drug abuse on a representative sample of high school students in Belgrade show that this behavior manifests itself in three forms: “Only use drugs” (6.4%), “Use drugs and distribute it” (11.27%) and “Only distribute drugs” (2.8%). The total percentage of students who abuse drugs in any of these three modes is 20.5%.Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): This percentage was the reason for analyzing a number of drug abuse prevention programs that are being used in the practice of many countries. Methodology: The applied method was the analysis of the content of specialized electronic databases and those papers that describe prevention programs specifically designed to prevent drug abuse. The greatest attention in the analysis is focused on a) forms of preventive intervention and b) the degree of their effectiveness. Limitations: Detailed analysis makes possible to identify those interventions that can provide reliable and valid results with high probability. The results of these analyzes, however, can not be considered generally valid, because these prevention programs have been created and applied in different social conditions. General Conclusion: The paper particularly insists on the use of preventive interventions that have a high degree of effectiveness. The most important result of the analysis is doubtless evidence that using certain preventive interventions, drug abuse can be reduced to a significantly lower level.
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Judicial decision-making has been long studied, particularly sentencing, from a number of perspectives. Many researches have focused on the factors affecting the decision-making process, analysing from judges’ personal characteristics to court context. This article addresses lay theories of crime as viewed by judges. Forty-nine judges participated in this study, answering a questionnaire about causes of criminality and justifications for crime. Results show a large variety of answer with judges positioned in both sides of the scale. Drug abuse is especially relevant when judges assess causes of criminality and justifications for crime. Regarding causes of criminality, the results suggest that judges’ rationale is based on a complex set of social environment characteristics, opposing the dichotomy internal characteristics versus external situational causes, identified in previous studies. Justifications for crime were organized into three major groups: drugs, uncontrolled behaviour and survival. Age and political orientation affected these assessments, but gender was found irrelevant.
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Purpose: This study examines the robustness of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) general theory of crime by examining whether or not low self-control predicts juvenile delinquency among adolescents residing in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is hypothesized that Bosnian adolescents with lower levels of self-control will be more likely to have engaged in juvenile delinquency (risky behaviors, property violence, and violence perpetration) than Bosnian adolescents with higher levels of self-control. Design/methodology/approach: The current study relies on self-reported survey data from International Self-Report Delinquency Study 2 (ISRD-2). In Bosnia and Herzegovina, students from seventh and eighth grade from 37 primary schools across the country were surveyed (N=1756). Findings: Results from a series of multivariate statistical analyses indicate that low self-control predicts juvenile delinquency among Bosnian adolescents after controlling for important op-posing theoretical and individual characteristics. Theoretical and practical implications stemming from these results are discussed.
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Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): This topic is specific and imposes a number of other problems that can be the basis for further studies, concerning the conditions of imprisonment, administration, distrust, rehabilitation and overall attitude of the society towards this population. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): The aim of this paper is to show the position of addicts while serving a prison sentence, their role in the informal system and the reasons of their difficult re-socialization. Methodology/Design: The situation of drug addicts is presented through the analysis of reports and experience of professionals. Through descriptive and statistical method their true position while serving a prison sentence is shown. Study represents conditions on territory of Republic of Srpska. Research/paper limitations: Limitations of this study are presented in its subject, because this is an area that is sensitive and “taboo” topic. Results/Findings: The problem of addiction is specific and in the informal prison system they easily become victims. Institutional correctional treatment is increasingly becoming a seduction administration of offenses and monitoring of criminal behavior of addicts. General conclusion: Person who have been convicted, serve their sentence in the middle of seemingly legally regulated environment, and they are exposed to a number of negative effects of deprivation.
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Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): The need to improve prevention of spectator violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): To examine the shortcomings of current legislation regulating alcohol intoxication among sport spectators and offer recommendations to overcome them. Methodology/Design: A review of legislation at different administrative levels in BiH regulating the control of alcohol intoxication among sport spectators, and an analysis of their implications in light of well-established facts about the relationship between alcohol and violence. Research/paper limitations: Paper does not review empirical evidence on the effectiveness of existing measures due to absence of research on the subject. Results/Findings: Due to reliance on spatial and/or temporal limitations for alcohol consumption, and the subjective assessment of alcohol intoxication, existing measures provide inadequate mechanisms for the prevention of alcohol intoxication and resulting behaviors among sport spectators. General conclusion: Current legislation does not provide adequate measures for the control of alcohol intoxication among sport spectators. Introducing blood alcohol concentration testing for sport spectators may significantly improve the prevention of spectator violence. Research/paper validity: Paper identifies the shortcomings of the existing legislation regulating prevention of alcohol intoxication among sport spectators, and offers scientifically based recommendations to overcome them.
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The current paper addresses the population of youngsters that listen to music labeled as “alternative”, analyzing a possible link between them and specific risk behaviors such as: drug consumption and self-harm, also taking into consideration aspects of their social life. Even if we assumed that there should be a correlation between our respondents and some risk behaviors, we suspect that this connection is in fact a consequence of the lifestyle they already have, rather than the music they are listening to. In support to our hypothesis, a quantitative study was conducted that addresses 171 respondents, all of them identified as “alternative music” listeners. As expected, the results show that there is indeed a correlation between some of the musical genres analyzed and specific risk behaviors, but we also discover various problems in their social life, suggesting that music is not the only factor behind their behavior.
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This study was carried out to determine the male students’ brands of alcohol, the prevalence of alcohol use and consequences on schooling among adolescents in gender-specific secondary schools in Onitsha Education Zone. The descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The study was carried out in Onitsha Metropolis and all the boys public secondary schools were used in the study. The population consisted 936 senior secondary class 2 (SS2) male students in the 4 boys secondary schools in Onitsha Metropolis. Through random sampling technique, 50 students were sampled from each of the 4 schools giving a total sample size of 210. A researcher-developed instrument was used for data collection titled “Alcohol Use Questionnaire (AUQ)”. Validity of the instrument was determined by three experts in the Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of the instrument was determined using the Cronbach Alpha and an alpha coefficient of 0.81 was obtained which was considered high, therefore, the instrument was considered reliable for use. Results indicated that even at secondary level of education, male students have choice brands of alcoholic drinks. Though most of the students indicated that they are low to moderate drinkers, alcoholic consumption was perceived to have negative impacts on the students’ attention to their studies. It was recommended that parents, counsellors and the media should be involved in the fight against alcohol use among secondary school students through productive intervention program.
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Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database that contains information about movies, TV series, internet contents and has 83 million registered users. Ready-made keywords are used to categorize films according to their subjects and to make it easier to reach the movies that are sought after. One of these ready-made keywords is “Date rape drug”. It is seen that it is the subject of many films such as horror, thriller, drama, and comedy. The use of drugs in movies about rape has led to the need to put forward the question of what these drugs are and their role in the story pattern. For this purpose, 52 films obtained by selecting the ready-made keyword “date report durg” in IMDb database were examined. Four of these 52 films with the highest IMDb score in their genre were included in the study. In terms of Turkish cinema, İffet and Kayıp Kızlar were analyzed. In this study, the properties and effects of drugs that facilitate sexual assault are compiled, and how sexual violence is depicted, the representation of the female figure, its role in the films are examined.
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Alcohol misuse does not just adversely affect individual who uses alcohol, but also family system where the individual live in. Because of dysfunctionalities of people with alcohol problem such as lack of responsibility and disruption in roles, family home environment may become more chaotic and unstable. In these conditions, non-alcoholic family members may develop problems as well. In the present review, it is aimed to examine how the alcoholic parents influence their children in means of psychosocial and behavioral outcomes. Family is the most important factor for children socialization process and positive family environment is necessary for children’s well-being. Children learn and develop some basic skills such as sense of self, coping strategies and how to regulate their emotions in family environment thanks to their parents. By examining the effects on children of alcoholic parents (CoAs) and by being aware of risk and protective factors, those children’s wellbeing can be protected. To know damages parental alcohol abuse on the family and how resiliency might be enhanced, the importance of a family centered preventions and treatments to protect family peace is increased.
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The aim of this study was to analyze digital addiction and aggression of e-sports athletes according to various variables. Analyzing the correlations between the phenomenon was an another aim. The study was designed as a quantitative correlational survey research, and 379 E-sports athletes (Xage= 22.50±5.72), who participated in at least one E-sports competition, participated in the study. The data were collected with personal information form, Aggression Scale (Çelik and Otrar, 2009), and Digital Addiction Scale (Kesici and Tunç, 2018). The data were analyzed with SPSS 26. In the statistical tests used in the study, firstly, Skewness and Kurtosis values were examined in order to understand whether the data met the prerequisites of the parametric tests. As a result of the tests, it was decided to use multiple variance analysis (MANOVA) and Pearson correlation tests. According to analyzed results significant differences were found in the variables digital addiction and aggression of E-sports athletes according to individual features, high school student E-sports athletes scoring higher in digital addiction and aggression as well as participants who are acting a different sport scoring lower in digital addiction and aggression. Besides positive significant correlations were found between the variables. As a result, this study showed that individual features make difference in E-sports athletes’ digital addiction and aggression levels. Besides digital addiction and aggression positively correlates each other.
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Shavki-zāde Suleymān Efendi, who was thought to have died in the early 18th century, is an Ottoman scholar who lived in a period when tobacco use became widespread and prohibitions were relaxed after severe prohibitions. This period corresponds to the fatwa of Shayh al-Islam Bahâî Mehmed Efendi (d. 1064/1654) regarding the permissibility of tobacco and the state's official taxation of tobacco (1688). During this period, discussions on the provision (hukm) of tobacco use continued intensely, and many treatises were written for and against. Shavki-zāde is one of the authors who wrote a treatise on the subject. He states that in discussions about the use of tobacco are used improper evidence and insulting style. He states that in order to prevent smoking and to prevent chaos, many unfounded claims have been made in these works, such as the absence of narration (nass) on the subject and neglecting judgment by analogy. He says that these discussions left people in confusion, therefore, wrote a short treatise to reveal the truth about the issue in the light of the Book (Qurʾān) and the Sunnah and the views of the mujtahids. Shavki-zāde avoids a generalist provision about tobacco and he deals with the following issues separately in the treatise: Prohibition of tobacco users from coming to the mosque; whether tobacco is one of the dirty things (habāith); the provision and bindingness of the head of state's order on tobacco; evaluation of some of the claims of those who defend the prohibition (hurmat) and permissibility (ibāha) of using tobacco; the effect of smoking tobacco on fasting. In this article, Shavki-zāde's treatise about tobacco was introduced and its content was discussed in detail, and finally, edition critical text of the treatise was included.
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