DAĞILAN YUGOSLAVYA DÖNEMİ ve SONRASI KOSOVA TÜRKLERİNİN SİYASİ DURUMU

Author(s): Taner Kotle / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 8/2010

Josip Broz TİTO’nun 1980’de ölümünden sonra, Yugoslavya içinde 20 yıl sürecek olan dağılma sürecinin başladığı tarihtir. Tito tarafından oluşturulan Sosyalist Federatif Yugoslavya Cumhuriyetleri içinde tırmanan etnik milliyetçilik, başta dini,siyasi ekonomik görüş ayrılıkları dağılma sürecinin kanlı bir biçimde tamamlanmasına neden olmuştur. Dağılma sürecinde ilk olarak Slovenya ve Hırvatistan Milletvekillerinin Belgrad’ta Yugoslavya Parlamentosunu protesto ederek terk ettiklerinde Yugoslavya’da tansiyonun birdaha düşürülemediği kanlı savaşların başladığının en büyük işaretiydi. Sırplar ise bütün bu gelişmelere rağmen Yugoslavya’nın tek varisi oldukların ve SFYC temsil ettiklerini idda etmekteydiler ve Yugoslavyanın bölünmesine asla izin vermeyeceklerinin federasyonu oluşturan herhangi Yugoslav devleti tarafından federasyondan ayrılma talebinde bulunulursa buna karşı gerekirse JNA-Yugoslavya Halk Ordusu tarafından müdahele edeceklerinin belirtiyorlardı. JNA-Yugoslavya Halk Ordusunun % 75 Sırp subay ve askerleri oluşturuyordu.Bu bakıma JNA Sırpların kontrolü içindeydi.20 yıl sürecek olan dağılma süreci içinde 1980-1999 Yugoslavya içinde gerçekleşen Slovenya, Hırvatistan, Bosna ve Hersek, Kosova Savaşlarında bizzat JNA-Yugoslavya Halk Ordusunun silahlarıyla donatılmış olan Sırplar girdikleri köy kasabaları yerlebir etmişlerdir.

Аболиционизмът и механизмите му за взаимодействие с гражданското общество в Нова Англия през 30-те и 40-те години на XIX в.

Author(s): Borislav Momchilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The article highlights various approaches and mechanisms of abolitionist movement and its influence over civil society in New England during 1830s – 1840s. Such type of study is important for bygone events, their explanation, and interpretation for placing them in the modern world. Different types of interpretation provide an opportunity for reflection on the construction of a modern civil society in New England. Research on this issue is undoubtedly a reflection on historical recursion providing an updated look at the events.

„Основите на мира“ от 19/31 януари 1878 г. – първото руско-турско споразумение за създаване на Българска държава (или защо Санстефанският прелиминарен договор не е началото на Нова България)

Author(s): Petko St. Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

In this article, the text of the protocol on the acceptance of the preliminary Bases of Peace, signed by representatives of Russia and the Ottoman Empire on January 19, 1878 in Adrianople, was published in Bulgarian. The analysis of the document shows that this is the first inter-state agreement at the end of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877 – 1878, which envisages the establishment of an autonomous Bulgarian state (Principality of Bulgaria). The boundaries of the Principality are determined according to the principle of the majority of the Bulgarian population, but cannot be less than the limits set by the Constantinople Conference of the Great Powers in 1876.

Футболният стадион – център на фенската активност

Author(s): Kremena Iordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The aim of this text is to trace the importance of the football stadium for the football fans and the characteristic ritual behavior they use as a way out of everyday life.

Военновременна София и подготовката за въздушна отбрана (пролетта на 1941 г. – лятото на 1943 г.)

Author(s): Radoslava Maslarska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

Since the Kingdom of Bulgaria had joined the Tripartite Pact on 1 March 1941, until the middle of 1943, ordinary Bulgarians lived with an illusion of a “symbolic war”. Life was much more difficult than the pre-war years, traditional Bulgarian goods gradually disappeared from the market, and measures were taken to defend against an external attack, especially an airstrike. The real war that would demolish the capital and throw the country into chaos was drawing close, despite the fact that few people were aware of that until that moment.

The Ongoing Challenge of Pressure Groups in the 2011 Events of the Middle East

Author(s): Saad Abudayeh / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

Щрихи от дейността на Найден Геров в навечерието и по време на Кримската война (1853 – 1856)

Author(s): Anna Chankova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2018

Nayden Gerov was a Bulgarian linguist, folklorist, writer and public figure during the Bulgarian National Revival. The article aims to shed new light on the activities of Nayden Gerov before and during the Crimean war (1853 – 1856). In 1857, Gerov became “First Vice-Consul” of Russia in Plovdiv. As such, he strove to further the Bulgarian national cause, helping young Bulgarians to receive scholarships abroad.

The Double Consciousness and Disability Dilemma: Trauma and the African American Veteran

Author(s): Sharon D. Raynor / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

Daniel Morrison and Monica Casper contend that disability studies and its cultural locations have been remarkably silent on matters of the traumatic origins of many disabilities, on the ongoing relationship between shocking events, their abrupt and chronic impact, and experiences of disability. This article explores how critical disability studies must intersect with critical trauma studies to address how the African American Vietnam war veterans who, traumatized and disabled by war and conflict, are further marginalized by societal constraints of race, class and gender. This essay focus on an understanding of W.E.B. DuBois’s ideology of double-consciousness, critical race theory and cultural studies and how they can emphasize the intersection of war injury and disability with a tremendous regard for the lived racial, class and socio-economic oppressions that contributed to what military service and disabilities of the African American Vietnam veteran reveal about masculine identity.

‘Gezi Spirit’: Narrative Fragments and Modes of Articulation. Ethnography of Post-Protest (Istanbul 2013–2015)

Author(s): Zornitza Draganova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This text is based on an ethnographic study on the protests and civic initiatives that initially took place in 2013 but then continued with varying intensity throughout the following years. While applying the method of participant observation during the Gazi events’ and conducting interviews with individuals who had taken part in the protests, a main goal of this study is to grasp the transformation in the identification, articulation and presentation of important and secondary topics and problems that had been brought forward throughout the public discussions. The initial motivation of this study is the idea that after the first demonstrations and clashes, the interpretation of the political projects’ turbulence, of the reinvention of urban spaces, of the success or failure of diverse protest and resistance practices, gradually modifies the way the aforementioned events and ongoing processes are being thought and talked about. The research questions the respondents’ participation in protests, the constitution and disintegration of communities, the ‘diagnosis’, ‘prognosis’ and ‘rationale’ elements in respondents’ and informants’ micro-discourses and their acts in relation to diverse initiatives. The text attempts to systematize the observation data and the collected ‘narrative fragments’ within four ‘modes of articulation’: transformative, subjective, argumentative, and topological.

Cultural Identity as Security and a Philosophy of Development for Africa: Reflections on Amilcar Cabral

Author(s): Philip Ogo Ujomu,Felix Olatunji / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The paper looks at the problem of national and human security in many parts of Africa today, seen in the inability of most governments to guarantee the adequate protection, peace and well-being of the citizens due in part to foreign dominating ideas. Cabral in his cultural and political thought offered philosophical insights and applied culture to the analysis of security for modern Africa. His theory of security is build upon the struggle for liberation from the colonial ordinance and his philosophy of identity is based on a combination of theory and praxis in the pursuit of reality. This requires the unearthing of the deep cultural roots and causes of things. This harmonization of interests is not just between men and men, but also between men and nature. The question is; what principles and values can best facilitate the crucial sense of security in most African societies?

Модел за оценка на риска от извършване на шпионаж в организационната единица

Author(s): Anton Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The report examines a possible version of a model/matrix for assessing the risk of espionage in a given organization. Various factors are reported and risk weights are proposed. When applying the matrix, it is possible to facilitate the general assessment of the security risk of a given organization, and in particular to support the investigation of espionage under Art. 104 of the Criminal Code. The utility of the proposed possible model would also be high for information security officers in various organizational units, according to the Law for the Protection of Classified Information.

Манипулирането на информацията като оръжие

Author(s): Ivaylo Ignatov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The article summarizes the results of a research on the sources on the Internet from which users are most often informed about what is happening around them. The main purpose of the research itself is to determine what is the presence of the official institutions of Bulgaria in the global network, to what extent their information sites are ranked in the leading positions in the results of search engines and the reasons for the obtained results. Some conclusions and proposals are made in relation to the possibility of creating certain attitudes in society through the use of search engines on the Internet for tendentious, manipulative and incomplete presentation of information.

Przejęzyczać się ku życiu (o poezji Joanny Mueller)

Author(s): Jakub Skurtys / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (21)/2023

The article is focused on the poetic work of Joanna Mueller. The author is interested in how the issue of the form-of-life is functionalized in her poetry and how her critical project, focused precisely on the modern category of life, translates into strictly literary activities. He begins with a polemic against the accusations of the conservativeness of Mueller’s poetics and her apparent experimentalism, referring to romantic gestures of defending subjectivity rather than its neo-avant-garde transgression, and tries to show how this stance actually is coupled with the feminist, new-materialist struggle for the form-of-life and the unveiling of immaterial labour. The stakes of Mueller’s poetic game, then, are not a poem that articulates social anger or acts as a dialectical negation of the capitalist system but an affirmative lagging that accommodates and secures a precarious life.

SOCIAL CONFLICT, POPULAR PROTEST, AND VIOLENCE IN WWI BULGARIA

Author(s): Kristian Stefanov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

WWI created a global economic crisis, stimulating mass popular protests in all belligerent countries that undermined the state’s legitimacy and triggered the emergence of violence, reminiscing the coercive character of interwar European politics. A central component in this protest on the rear was women’s protests against the misery that ultimately culminated in a series of violent hunger riots denunciating the war effort and political elites. The present article follows this trend in the Bulgarian wartime experience by analyzing the transformation of economic hardships into women-led popular protest. The study focuses on the protesters’ political language and symbolical tactics to politicize everyday social suffering by framing it within the broader context of national solidarity and the war effort. The article argues that the wartime crisis exacerbated the pre-war class conflicts and stimulated mass popular dissent that empowered the women “in the rear” to challenge the state’s authority, insisting on economic redistribution and peace.

“La historia que nos ha sido arrebatada”: crisis de representación de la memoria y la historia en „Entrada libre” de Carlos Monsiváis

Author(s): Alejandro Ramírez Méndez / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 23/2023

In Entrada libre (1987), Carlos Monsiváis, ruminates about the importance of civil resistance in Mexico after decades of political instability, corruption, and violence. The cruel actions of the ‘dirty war’ left an unstable democratic system and an absent-minded population, which was still trying to understand the violent repression against left-wing groups. Under these conditions, Monsiváis questions the role of civil society in the production of mechanisms of resistance and reconciliation against a large history of abusive treatments and misuses that generated crisis in the country. This essay rethinks the representation of memory and history in the chronicles of Carlos Monsiváis. This project analyzes how the depiction of an the everyday life becomes an alternative method of expression for the a society in resistance, as well as a reevaluation of the meaning behind “historia nacional” and memory as the foundation of the perspective of time in Mexican society.

Ideas for Civil Society and Association through the Prism of Public Law

Author(s): Boyan Todorov Georgiev / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2024

The need for association and cooperation in its primary forms is existentially determined, embedded in the human psyche and morality before it becomes a rationally realized expediency and long before it becomes a right. The right of association is a fundamental right referred to in the group of political rights and freedoms, economic rights, and personal rights. This right combines the liberal idea of individual freedom with the collectivist idea of uniting the efforts of more people to achieve certain goals; exercising the right of association is an expression of free will. The principle of solidarity is exploited by hegemonic state doctrines and governments – communitarian, totalitarian, religious-fundamentalist, nationalist, modernizations, which call for the solidarity of tolerating restrictions, the renunciation of freedom in the name of certain collective goals, as well as in the doctrines and practices of revolutionary violence. The Code of Administrative Procedure provides wide participation of organizations in the various proceedings, both before the administration and in judicial administrative cases.

In-between the Narratives: Freedom and Fear through the Pandemic. The Mystery of Health

Author(s): Lyuboslava Kostova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

This article deals with the concepts of narrative psychology and ethics and aims to clarify the connection between different social actors and their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper explores the two main aspects of these reactions: freedom and fear. Through the Hegelian paradigm of a thesis, antithesis, and synthesis, these basic individual and social sentiments will be interpreted in their mutual interconnection and subjectivity. The devil manifests himself hiding in the extremes and God – in the golden middle because love is a union of opposites, so Hegelian dialectics is at its best here. In accordance with public health policies and regulations, their impact on the everyday lives of individuals, groups, and nations will be analysed through the lenses of specific notions of authenticity and globalisation. Describing differences and finding similarities will be useful in recreating new space between the narratives where health will reveal itself as a mystery, involving our emotions, prejudices, trust, and entire multidimensional presence as grounded spiritual beings. The main questions to address here will be whether it is possible to use our capacities and stories to initiate significant social change and transformation, where fear, anger, or freedom may bring us to understand who we are and what our existential purpose is. To approach its objective, the article will evaluate online data collected from Internet pages and forums worldwide, thereby connecting seemingly contradictive positions. Only through rebuilding the collective psyche can traumatic narratives be rewritten and social cohesion restored.

When No One Is Watching: Ideology, Influence, and Networks of Ultras and Hooligans in Romania – Notes of Investigation

Author(s): Max-Anton LÖSCHE / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2024

Football subcultures like those of ultras and hooligans are infamous for their proximity and welcoming attitudes towards far-right and right-wing extremist actors and ideologies in Eastern Europe. Romania makes no exception. While not all ultras or hooligans can be categorized as far-right or right-wing extremists, this article takes a close and in-depth look into the political expression, mentalities, and networks of the Romanian football subculture. Through research from the inside of the social-media channels, stadiums, and events set up by the groups analyzed in this paper, the author focuses on three main elements: political expression and opinions of Romanian ultras and hooligans, their networks in Europe, and the threat they pose to the democratic society through violence. The article concludes that taking the developments in the football subculture seriously means to understand the three mentioned elements as a dangerous synthesis that can become a threat, one that is overlooked or generally downplayed by the State authorities.

The Political Mobilization of African American Churches: Forms, Models, Mechanisms

Author(s): Paulina Napierała / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2023

African American churches are famous for their political involve-ment and advocacy efforts on behalf of their own ethnic group. However, while some of them have been heavily involved in various forms of political activity, others have avoided it, focusing mainly on matters of the spirit. In this article, I will present the origins and various forms of Black churches’ political engagement, but foremost I will analyze the debate concerning the mecha-nisms of their political mobilization, trying to answer the question regarding the key factors, which according to researchers, influence churches’ activism. Different research perspectives will be considered, and special attention will be paid to the comprehensive model by Eric L. McDaniel.

Sexting Among Youth: A School Social Worker’s Perspective

Author(s): Patricia Luciana Runcan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The term sexting, born in 2005, is still in its prime. Relying on a rather large number of image types (contextual, inoffensive sexual, joke, offensive an unethical sexual, private selfies, or public selfies), sexting among youth may have many causes. This paper is an attempt at providing a school social worker’s job description by answering questions such as: Who Sexts young people? What categories of young people are sexted? Where does sexting occur? When does sexting occur? How are young people sexted? Why are young people sexted? What are the Consequences of Sexting? And What Should Schools Do?