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The Power of Oratory in Modern Leadership

Author(s): Petru Ionescu / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2014

Today, more than ever before, modern leadership calls for a greater interest in message composing and conveying from the perspective of persuasive communication. High performance requires varied, extensively elaborated capacities used with maximum impact at the proper moment. Now when the communication means are rather developed and varied and quite easily accessible by anybody, besides the other capacities a real leader should feature, oratory or the art of (public) speaking takes its place back and redefines its part in relation to these modern means of conveying messages precisely by recurring to the “human” essence of the communication relation. Amid the hundreds, thousands of electronic messages, face-to-face interaction fetches that bundle of feelings and emotions the bits and hertz still fail to convey.

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Infodemia w pandemii. W kierunku infodemiologii

Author(s): Katarzyna Materska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2021

The purpose of this paper is to present a preliminary concept of an infodemiological approach to solving information problems that carry, and are likely to carry, emerging and as yet unknown threats. The analysis of the pandemic, infodemic, and related misinformation was limited to the sphere of issues related to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic and the disease caused by it, termed, according to the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) recommendations, COVID-19. The research was conducted using the desk research method and critical analysis of scientific literature. Infodemic was presented as a context of behaviour of information prosumers, and factors of information users’ susceptibility to disinformation were indicated. Key actions to support “information resilience” to disinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic are outlined with examples from the WHO, European institutions, the European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO), and fact-checking platforms. The “infodemiological” approach – innovative on the ground in Poland – certainly requires further research and in-depth analysis.

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EMOTIONS IN THE LANGUAGE OF THE MEDIA

Author(s): Olga Białek-Szwed,Aneta Wójciszyn-Wasil / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The objective of this article is to present major aspects of linguistic studies of emotions. The studies rely on cognitive linguistics methodology, which encompasses both the spoken and written language, as well as non-verbal communication. Communicative aspects are of great importance, making it possible to observe the interaction between language and emotions. Emotionallycharged lexis and so-called “hate speech” are exemplary manifestations of linguistic emotional expressions. Contemporary studies of language used in the media concentrate on an analysis of means of linguistic expression, cognitive definitions and mechanisms which generate emotions. The results of this study can be applied to various types of the media, they can help the media reach their target audience and engage the audience in the presented message.

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EMOTION-GENERATING MECHANISMS IN TELEVISION PROGRAMMES

Author(s): Joanna Sosnowska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The aim of this article is to present the mechanisms of mediatisation of emotions in TV broadcasts in relation to the messages concerning the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The pandemic time has radically changed the way television works. The production of many TV programmes has been suspended around the world, and the way journalists and editorial staff work has changed, yet the viewership during the pandemic grew all over the world, despite negative emotions being generated. The study relies on a qualitative analysis of the emotion-generating mechanisms in the audiovisual image. The research material was TV programmes about SARS-CoV-2 in March–June 2020. The research tools used permitted an analysis of the content of the message and its formal side (sound, image, graphics, music). The final results were divided into two areas of emotiongenerating mechanisms: formal (forms) and thematic (content). The analysis shows that especially negative emotions were evoked in TV programmes during the pandemic: threat, sadness and fear. At the level of form, the following mechanisms were revealed: visual enhancement, gradation, giving meaning, contrast and generalization. In terms of content mechanisms, one can observe the mechanism of drama, content accumulation (blocking), exposure, variable dynamics of positive and negative content, and narrative mechanisms. The observed mechanisms of generating emotions may also lead to manipulation of the recipient through the repetition of negative information or the use of authorities. The conducted analysis confirmed the importance of combining form and content as well as strength, rhythmization and repetition of specific messages in the audiovisual message. The article may be the basis for research on the relationship between emotions and cognition, as well as research on the reception of audiovisual content.

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MECHANISMS OF GENERATING EMOTIONS IN AUDIO-BASED MEDIA

Author(s): Aneta Wójciszyn-Wasil / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Audio-based content is considered to be extremely intimate and easily evoking emotions in listeners. The aim of this article is to determine the affective mechanisms used in audio productions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis focuses on radio programmes of public and commercial radio stations and the broadly defined audio media segment: podcasts and streaming services from Europe, the USA, and Australia. The content created during the so-called first wave of the pandemic (March–June 2020) was considered. Sound recordings are analysed in terms of four aspects related to the structure of audio content: words, music, acoustic effects, and silence. This study aims to present the perspective of a broadcaster who designs the audience’s affective reactions and the unique nature of radio journalists’ work during the pandemic. The study confirmed the use of mechanisms intended to intensify and regulate emotions in audio productions in all of the analysed areas. This is especially true for emotionally-charged lexis, voice expressions, selection of musical repertoire and solutions applied in sound editing. The importance of silence as an acoustic equivalent of distance, void and isolation is emphasised. We put forward a list of mechanisms behind generating and modulating emotions in audio-based media. The study shows how sound, as diverse as it is, conveys emotions in the media.

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Forms and functions of jokes disseminated during the Covid-19 pandemic in Jordan

Author(s): Ahmad Tawalbeh,Rula Abu-Elrob,Emad Al-Saidat,Mamdouh Alenazy / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

People in Jordan have suffered the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. The Jordanian government took some pre-emptive measures to curb the spread of the virus, including the announcement ofindefinite curfew and nationwide strict lockdown. Humorous texts appear to be the people’s keyto escape from life stress, minimise the pressure of unpleasant situations and increase pleasure.Jordanian humour attracts our attention to find out what it does during the Covid-19 pandemicand investigate its structure. To pursue this aim, a sample of 50 jokes and memes were collectedfrom Facebook and WhatsApp in 2020 and analysed using the General Theory of VerbalHumour (GTVH). The researchers conducted a systematic and detailed analysis of the datarelying on the six knowledge resources postulated by the GTVH, which are script opposition,logical mechanism, situation, target, narrative strategy and language. The analysis showed thathumour can be viewed as a tool to release the tensions caused by Covid-19 restrictions onmobility and lockdown. It also revealed the people’s comments on different aspects of their lifeduring the pandemic, including but not limited to social contact, economic status and education.In most of the analysed texts, humour is playful and serves the function of decommitment. Thisstudy offers insights into Arabic humour discourse, showing how jokes may serve the emergingcontext and encourage conducting studies on humorous texts in various settings to show whatroles they would play.

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The Influence of Media in Constructing and Deconstructing Political Imagery

Author(s): Maria-Magdalena Lăpădat / Language(s): English Issue: 76/2022

Mass-media and the internet have long surpassed their meagre prerogative as being just a simple purveyor of information, transitioning towards its new objectives of establishing trust, influence and even intimidation or control in its relation with its citizens, with the receivers of what is now strategic and weaponised information. The media is no longer a vector of objectivity, nor does it formulate that assertion any longer. Media conglomerates have become quite outspoken in embracing or rejecting one ideology or the other, one candidate or the other. Therefore, objectivity has been abandoned to the detriment of subjective purpose. Major media players will choose to either carefully construct the positive image of a candidate or a party while at the same time, often viciously and unjustifiably, attacking the opposite candidate or the rival political movement. Simply supporting one candidate is no longer the norm and the socalled dirty adds and biased reporting of our contemporary political era expose an intricate mechanism that, however, has a simple purpose, namely, to lower certain percentages and elevate others in terms of public perception and favourability.

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Formulating Written Feedback For Staff Mentees – An Aristotelian Approach

Author(s): Hieu Kieu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This article reflects on the intricacy of providing written feedback from a mentor to a mentee in the Study Group Fellowship Scheme, an international education provider in partnership with more than 50 universities and colleges across the world. Using Aristotle’s rhetoric principle of ethos, logos and pathos, it argues that appropriate use of open-ended questions in combination with the situatedness of being ethos-centric, logos-centric, and pathos-centric can be a useful approach centralising the mentee in their learning and developing process.

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ВІД БІЛОРУСЬКОЇ КРИЗИ ДО УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ПЕРЕМОГИ

Author(s): Yaroslav Polishchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 01/2023

The article is devoted to assessing the reflections of Belarusian and Ukrainian intellectuals on the dramatic events of 2020–2023 - the 2020 revolutionary uprising in Belarus and Russia’s full-scale invasion on February 24, 2022. Three important aspects are represented in the article: 1) the stance towards the past and the critical revision of the Soviet legacy; 2) the question of the national language, the extent to which it functions, and the prospects for its development; 3) the right to indi- vidual expression of one’s views, which is revealed in judgments about the existing situation and in the vision of the future. Some common features are noted in Belarusians’ and Ukrainians’ reflections on these events, as well as differences also being delineated, which are deepening with the passage of time.

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Perspektywa intersekcjonalna w pedagogice międzykulturowej

Author(s): Urszula Klajmon-Lech / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

A meeting with the Other is related to the attitude of interest, dialogue, cooperation and understanding. However, negative reactions to otherness may give rise to different attitudes as well. These include discrimination and exclusion. In this article, the problem of multiple discrimination is addressed and intersectionality is presented as both an important method in intercultural research and an idea worth raising and developing in the practice of intercultural education. Multiple discrimination pertains to people who experience two or more forms of oppression at the same time (due to gender and disability; due to disability and residence place; due to ethnic origin, gender and place of residence, etc.). Intersectionality introduces a new quality to intercultural studies. As a research paradigm, it enables a critical analysis of these areas of exclusion and discrimination which have so far been shown mainly from the perspective of the needs and views of majority groups. Intersectional analysis can also become useful in educational practice: in preparing individualized assistance programs for people affected by discrimination, as well as in creating preventive projects to keep stigmatization and discrimination away.

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Theoretical framework media and political economy of communication

Author(s): José Antonio Villalobos-López / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2022

This article is presented with a deductive method orientation, with a paradigm of hermeneutic order, based on experience, carried out under an exclusively qualitative approach, which will serve as a scaffold for a next study of digital media. Communications are a means or mechanism of organization for coexistence in society. The political economy of communication has its origin in the theories or critical approaches of Frankfurt and cultural studies, which has analyzed the role of the owners or concessionaires of large radio and television corporations, highlighting the bias they have given to the dissemination of information and culture, orienting it towards the defense of their ideology or their commercial interests, thus leading to the alienation and training of large masses of audience. In these modern times, the massification of the media is the result of technological convergences, where three disciplines or spaces are at work: information technology, telecommunications and the Internet, which is the axis or center of the new communications ecosystem. Social networks allow feedback between sender and receiver of news, transforming the unidirectional communication process provided by conventional media.

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Role of media information in managing mass emotions in social communications of modern Ukraine (a brief overview as a statement of the question)

Author(s): Alevtyna Demutska / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2022

The study's main objective is to prove the presence of practical attempts in managing the third component of the mass communication message in modern Ukrainian social communications. It is the mass-emotional component. In previous studies, the author proved that the nature of social communications in the modern digital society is based on the unity of mass information, mass interpretation, and mass emotions. Therefore, it is essential to find actual attempts on the part of the organizers of certain political discourses to manage mass emotions in social communications with the help of the media. The main conclusion of the study is that the scientific assumption regarding the presence of attempts to manage mass emotions through audiovisual and digital domestic media in social communications was confirmed. However, it is vital for further investigations of the scientific problem of how to manage the mass emotions functioning in social communications. The methods used during the research to achieve the goal were content monitoring, comparison, generalization, and analysis of texts.

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Making up Real Media Reports’ Sample on COVID-19 for Use in Experimental Studies

Author(s): Volodymyr Volodymyrovych Rizun,Yurii Dmytrovych Havrylets,Alla A. Petrenko-Lysak,Sergii Viktorovich Tukaiev,Daryna Ivaskevych,Yuliia Yachnik,Anton Popov / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2022

The article reveals the procedure of selecting real media reports (RMR) on the COVID-19 pandemic in experimental studies. We assumed that RMR during the pandemic and several lockdowns had a real impact on people from different social groups. To monitor messages about COVID-19, we used the online service "Software product LOOQME" The algorithm to form the RMR sample was as follows: (a) search for all media messages available on the platform, (b) analysis of selected RMR by online service, (c) forming of an experimental content sample and its embedding in the experiment. The method of selecting RMR considered in this article includes a theoretical rationale for RMR; broad thematic selection of RMR using media monitoring systems; forming an experimental content sample with the use of parameters and selection criteria; additional procedure for rating the selected RMR according to a particular criterion with the participation of experts

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Headlines of media texts: hidden contradictions

Author(s): Nataliya Shumarova,Iryna Marynenko,Vladyslav Mykhailenko / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2022

This inquiry aims to determine the ways and means through which the accuracy category manifests itself in the news genre and to identify internal contradictions formed by the interaction between logical and semantic components of the expression. The objectives were as follows: to determine how the accuracy category is presented through the categories of subject, time, and place of action, what are the transformative possibilities of these categories in the field of adequate transmission of meaning, which linguistic means actualize the accuracy category or, on the contrary, “blur” it. Continuous sampling, analysis and synthesis, transformational, and descriptive methods were used in the research process. We confirm that the subject in the headline is delivered explicitly and implicitly in the conclusions presenting the research results. “Nonsubjectivity” is realized using indefinite (non-personal) forms of the predicate or can be determined through a locus. For news headlines, the locus is an essential component, its place in the sentence can adjust the semantic accents of the statement. The time category in analyzed titles is almost always explicit. The accuracy category is most clearly manifested in direct indications of time and place and in two-syllable sentences where the subject of the action is specified.

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Bireylerin afet hazırlık inançlarının, demografik veriler, umutsuzluk ve kadercilik eğilimleri bağlamında incelenmesi

Author(s): Gönül Gökçay,Ayşe Çevirme / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2023

This study was designed to examine individuals’ disaster preparedness beliefs in the context of demographic data, hopelessness, and fatalism tendencies. The study was planned in a descriptive and correlational design. A total of 563 participants aged 18 and above who agreed to participate in an online survey were included in the study. Data were collected using a socio-demographic information questionnaire, a general disaster preparedness belief scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Fatalism Tendency Scale. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 package program, and the significance level was set at p < 0.05. Independent samples t-test, ANOVA (Post hoc, Bonferroni, Tukey, and LSD tests), Pearson correlation analysis, simple linear regression, and hierarchical regression analysis were used to test the data. The mean age of the participants was 25.94 ± 10.19. Participants scored an average of 77.13 ± 22.74 on the disaster preparedness belief scale, 8.84 ± 3.79 on the hopelessness scale, and 66.23 ± 13.91 on the fatalism tendency scale. In the study, family structure was found to influence individuals’ disaster preparedness belief levels. Hopelessness levels were influenced by family structure, place of residence, living in an earthquake-prone area, perception of being prepared for disasters, and receiving education on disasters and their management. Fatalism tendency levels were influenced by gender, education level, marital status, and receiving education on disasters and their management. A weak positive relationship was found between disaster preparedness belief and hopelessness and fatalism tendencies. It was found that hopelessness and fatalism tendencies explained 14.5% of individuals’ disaster preparedness belief. In the study, individuals exhibited moderate disaster preparedness belief, low hopelessness, and moderate fatalism tendency. Factors influencing individuals’ disaster preparedness belief include hopelessness and fatalism tendencies. In light of the results, taking into account individual characteristics, despair, and fatalistic tendencies, it is crucial for the society as a whole and policymakers to undertake significant responsibilities in increasing individuals' belief in disaster preparedness.

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Türkiye’nin koronavirüs ile mücadele politikasında Sağlık Bakanlığı covid-19 bilim kurulu uygulaması

Author(s): Ahmet Alanlı,Osman Kürşat Acar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2023

A new epidemic, called Covid-19, that caused deaths in China in December 2019, emerged and affected the whole world. On March 11, 2020, the diseases caused by the Covid-19 virus were declared as a pandemic, that is, a global epidemic, by the World Health Organization (WHO). The first case of Covid-19 virus in Turkey was detected as of March 10, 2020. As a part of the policies implemented by the government in the fight against crisis management in Turkey, a Science Board was established under the Ministry of Health. In the Covid-19 process, the decisions that were put into effect with reference to the recommendations of the Ministry of Health Science Board came to the fore. In this study, the role of the Ministry of Health Science Board, whose foundations were laid down in the Pandemic Influenza National Preparation Plan before the Covid-19 virus, was tried to be determined within the scope of the model developed by Krick. Qualitative research method was used in the study, data compiled from newspaper news, policy texts and internet sources were analyzed by document analysis method. As a result of the results obtained from the findings, it has been determined that the recommendations made by the Covid-19 Scientific Committee in Turkey are more in the symbolic use that aims to legitimize and establish trust, rather than the (instrumental) use to produce concrete policies.

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Predsednički izbori u SAD 2016. godine: društvene podele i izborne strategije glavnih predsedničkih kandidata

Author(s): Nevena Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 25/2023

This paper aims to research social divisions in the United States of America in the context of the 2016 presidential elections, as well as the campaign strategies of the main presidential candidates of the Republican and Democratic parties, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. Therefore, in addition to public opinion research, we will also consider speeches from party conventions, three presidential debates and party program platforms in order to examine whether and to what extent the candidates responded to voters preferences. First, we will talk about social cleavages in political science, starting with the “freezing hypothesis”, through “silent revolution” to authoritarian populism and “cultural backlash”. We will then put all of this in the context of the 2016 US elections, to identify issues that divide American society and look at how these issues were communicated and what positions the presidential candidates took. The main conclusion is that there is a noticeable trend of growing party polarization in the USA, that Donald Trump’s success is the result of long-term changes in American society, and that thanks to the confrontation of presidential candidates, who took different political positions on issues that divide American voters, these elections were an indicative example of a populist and authoritarian response to socio-political changes and generational changes, as well as a good case study for insight into the cleavages in American society.

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A multidisciplinary perspective on the knowledge economy and society

Author(s): Joanna Małecka / Language(s): English Issue: 49/2023

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The skilful acquisition and use of available knowled­ge resources can be a factor in increasing the effectiveness of management processes. It directly influences the level and effectiveness of priorities. The aim of this article is a comparative study of the existing relevant literature with a multidisciplinary perspective on aspects of the knowledge economy and society. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The data presented in the article are based on a relevant literature review (both book and article publications) and provides a spectrum of comparisons of views, theories and publications from the fields of organisational forms, knowledge models and KM, as well as the social dimension of qualitative modelling theory. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The time of being the best is over. The era of being exceptional has begun. It is through the skills, knowledge and competences of employees as key elements influencing development that a competitive advantage can be secured. Knowledge is seen as a strategically important resource in this aspect. RESEARCH RESULTS: The results provide a review of the achievements in individual fields, as well as selective task and function areas in the academic dimension. Particular attention was paid to the perception of the issue of qualitology (1970s). Models of knowledge management KM, social capital are juxtaposed, and the importance of the socio-economic influences observed in terms of the behaviour, expectations and choices of a modern society (often referred to as a consumer society) is highlighted. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Due to the relatively short period in which the described issues have functioned, any results and research attempts made in this area are interesting and valuable. Particularly cross-sectional works, which enable a clear compilation of the progress of individual theories against economic practice and the possibility of determining the future direction of their development.

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Selective knowledge concealment – the influence of culture and mental models vs. the ability to share knowledge

Author(s): Radwan Kharabsheh,Joanna Małecka / Language(s): English Issue: 49/2023

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Knowledge management (KM) issues support the possibility of achieving competitive advantage. However, it is not a simple process, as knowledge sharing does not come naturally. Hence, there is a need for research on individual, team and organisational antecedents using a wider range of methods. Investigating the causes of selective knowledge concealment is the main objective of the article, as well as the impact of organisational culture and the determinants of knowledge concealment or sharing by employees.THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with managers and employees to collect empirical data, while thematic content analysis was used to analyse the collected data and draw conclusions.THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Perceptions of the world and of organisations are shared by people from a given environment. Mental models take into account the multifaceted nature of the phenomena under study: perception, focus and experience. The beliefs held by employees are important because they imply management actions at all levels: tactical, operational and strategic.RESEARCH RESULTS: Employees do not hide their knowledge automatically but selectively. They subliminally assess the value of the knowledge sought, the value of the seeker, the immediate situation and wider contextual and organisational factors. Interestingly, respondents surveyed were more likely to share knowledge with foreign colleagues from a different national culture than with colleagues of the same nationality and cultural background.CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: A number of recommendations of an applied nature were presented in the article. It is important to create a common willingness to share knowledge among employees. A skilful increase in social capital should foster a decrease in the concealment of valuable knowledge and at the same time increase the extent of sharing. An efficient reward system, individually designed for the needs of the organisation, could support this process.

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TEORIJA U PROSTORU URGENCIJE: DA LI DOLAZI DO PREOKRETA?

Author(s): Petar Protić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2020

U jeku pandemije teoretičari uvode zanimljive pojmove kojima nas uveravaju da je sasvim moguće promišljati, barem, dimenzije prostora koji naseljavamo. Možda već na osnovu malog uzorka „krize“ možemo pretpostaviti da ovih dana dolazi do preokreta koji, s jedne strane, uvećava razlike i usložnjava odnose moći a, sa druge, nudi mogućnost jedne osvežene autonomnosti, slobode i solidarnosti, odnosno lične i kolektivne reafirmacije. Da li karantinski mode d’être pretpostavlja i jednu vrstu preokreta u mišljenju?

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