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The Lack of Decentralization of Data: Barriers, Exclusivity, and Monopoly in Open Data

Author(s): Carla Hamida,Amanda Landi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Recently, Facebook creator Mark Zuckerberg was on trial for the misuse of personal data. In 2013, the National Security Agency was exposed by Edward Snowden for invading the privacy of inhabitants of the United States by examining personal data. We see in the news examples, like the two just described, of government agencies and private companies being less than truthful about their use of our data. A related issue is that these same government agencies and private companies do not share their own data, and this creates the openness of data problem. Government, academics, and citizens can play a role in making data more open. In the present, there are non-profit organizations that research data openness, such as Open Data Charter, Global Open Data Index, and Open Data Barometer. These organizations have different methods on measuring openness of data, so this leads us to question what does open data mean, how does one measure how open data is and who decides how open should data be, and to what extent society is affected by the availability, or lack of availability, of data. In this paper, we explore these questions with an examination of two of the non-profit organizations that study the open data problem extensively.

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Specific Aspects of the Church’s Contribution to A Society’s Development in the Past and Present

Author(s): Daniel Gligore / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

‘Love for God’ and ‘love for all men,’ which include ‘the whole law and the prophets,’ are constantly preached by the Christian Church. From its beginnings, the Church has contributed permanently to society by promoting a relationship based on love between people and nations, taught the people to live a disciplined life, guided them to the knowledge of God and His edification, to science, to culture, diligence, and other biblical values essential to human life. Therefore, this paper is meant as a reassessment of these values in the contemporary context. KEY WORDS: Church, teaching, knowledge of God, Gospel, society development

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Law as a Drive for Social Development in Philippe Malaurie’s Thinking

Author(s): Ligia-Roxana Rotaru / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper defines the concept of law and its role in the development of a society, in Philippe Malaurie’s thinking. In this endeavour, this paper offers a historical sketch of personalities who, through their ideas on legal science, have contributed—to a lesser or a greater extent—to the harmonious development and the progress of society.

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Gender Differences in the Health Status of Elderly People

Author(s): Marius Nechita / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Even though there are particularities within every age group which can be applied to the entire population, the seniours constitute the population’s most heterogeneous segment and their functioning differs more from one person to another in comparison with the case of other age groups, due to the different aging rhythm, genetic heritage, psycho–spiritual profile, life experience, familial and socio-cultural context that the person lives in, and the events experienced in one’s life. The existing studies point out that there is a great variability and individuality in what concerns the experiencing of the aging process and, implicitly, regarding the experiencing of the various needs and their satisfaction. Therefore, this paper attempts to focus on the elderly and explore the health care status based on gender.

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The Use of Movies in Youth Ministry: A Different Approach to the Image–Driven Culture

Author(s): Teodor Ioan Colda / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this paper is to once again explore the use of movies in a church context youth ministry, with an accent on the diverse benefits which can be achieved. The author will do so by integrating adjacent aspects, relevant to the topic, as: pop culture, image–driven culture, generational research. Finally he argues for a different way of integrating movies as a resource for youth ministry, by using them in the counseling process of ministering to troubled youth.

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Transformational Processes in Organizational Life: Symbolic Imprinting and Symbolic Triggers

Author(s): Dina Aslamazishvili / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Organizational life is multi-focused symbolic reality today, new and existing employees learn, transfer and transform in working experience. Managerial actions give both real and symbolic results. Symbolic contexts, like influence, commitment, shared values, mission clearance in project teams and others, create challenges. The paper discusses symbolic imprinting and symbolic triggers in organizational life, and shares the first cut results of the study through the metaphoric mechanics among business school students with fresh working experience. Symbolic imprinting constitutes stamping in memory some transferring values and meaning interpretations, and symbolic triggers are the external environment signs and images, which make imprints work out in specific thinking, behavioral, and communication mechanisms. Transformational processes – learning, growing, development, - are realized within the symbolic context. Symbolic imprints and triggers transfer specific concept of the organizational life, freeing up the meanings and important orientations for ‘homo symbolicus’.

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CHILDREN’S LIFE, SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Radmila Krstić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The feelings of happiness, love, pleasure, tranquility and fulfillment begin to fade away slowly. It doesn’t take a lot to feel like this, but these feelings are sometimes so distant and unreachable. Does every child know what these words mean, or has he only read them somewhere? Does every child live in happiness, warmth, and love, or is it just their imagination and dreams which will never come through? All people are, in fact, big children who miss laughter, play and song, and everyone sometimes wishes to be a child again, in a way to avoid problems and make up for something he might have lost in childhood.

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The Ambassador Program: A Framework for Recruiting and Engaging Flexible Volunteers

Author(s): Ike Obi,Alexus Jimson-Miller,Michaela Hahn,Darik Hall / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Volunteers are vital to the mission of nonprofit organizations. However, most nonprofits are struggling to recruit the volunteers they need to support their goals. Due to this difficulty, many of these organizations are seeking innovative techniques for recruiting and engaging volunteers in ways that are enriching, meaningful and productive. On the basis of this need we surveyed 55 participants, interviewed 10 users and conducted literature reviews on 30 materials to uncover insights into the best method for recruiting and retaining volunteers. Findings from the study revealed that most of the respondents were interested in a flexible and open-choice approach to volunteering. It also showed that the respondents would like to participate with their friends and that they wouldn't mind a reward for helping out such organizations. Based on these findings, we developed a flexible volunteer framework that could be implemented by nonprofits or any other organization that needs help recruiting volunteers. This paper should provide a clear understanding of the process, its benefits, and how to incorporate them into their current volunteer, recruitment, and engagement strategies.

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Dynamics in Nigerian Land Administration System and the Inevitability of Decentralization

Author(s): Nelson Madumere / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The heterogenous nature of the Nigerian society underscores the emergence of pluralistic legal and land administration system. An evaluation of the historical synopsis of the Nigerian land administration system and reforms reveal the inevitability of statutory recognition of these practical realities and their implications. The adoption of the Nigerian Land Use Act of 1978 and its land nationalization agenda implied a sharp deviation from the status quo. Understandably, this policy choice was informed by the need to provide lasting solution to problems associated with pluralistic legal and land administration systems in Nigeria. However, the continued existence of these problems and the emergence of fresh constraints clearly underscore the ineffectiveness of this policy choice to the achievement of desired goals, particularly as it relates to customary tenurial arrangements. Thus, the urgent need for a paradigm shift. In respect of above concerns, this paper develops a novel and decentralized land administration model along the pre-existing zonal blocs; reflective of practical realities and social dynamics of the Nigerian state. Such would provide for the eventual adoption of innovative, more realistic and zone-specific land administration system reflective of practical realities and social dynamics of the Nigerian state, thereby providing equitable and secure land rights for all Nigerians.

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Narrating in Difficult Times Introduction to a Dual-Self Model

Author(s): Le Thao Chi Vu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In times of difficulty, people rely on their narrating self, not only to release what they are going through but, more importantly, to express an intention of how they want to live given the presence of a particular problem, thereby living accordingly upon that intention. The Narrating Self is not the problem solver. Instead, it is the living supporter.

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Garden Therapy: The Health-Enabling Capacities of Nature Contact

Author(s): Iva Pires,Dana Křivánková,Jana Dvořáčková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

We live in a world where new information and knowledge technologies and increased mobility simplify everyday life. However, at the same time, contact with the natural environment is shrinking. More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas with high population densities and, in many cases, with a little or no access to the quality green spaces. One of the consequences is that there is an increasing disconnection from nature and its sensory stimuli while the noise, air and visual pollution negatively affects the health and reduces the quality of life in urban areas. The "healing" capacity of nature is being increasingly discussed as well as the need of reconnection with it and its therapeutic, spiritual and psychological benefits. The garden therapy defined as a treatment and relaxation through contact with nature is attracting more and more attention, both, from academic field as well as from practitioners of different areas. Among others, a social care and health care, particularly in the case of the children with autism, hyperactivity, with lack of relational capital, psychiatrists (in the case of dementia) but also an architectural landscaping (Which characteristics must the gardens have to fulfill these benefits?). An interdisciplinary approach is needed in order to discuss concepts, benefits, potentialities and ways to implement these therapies. We will be presenting the results of a research project - With Nature to Mutual Understanding - developed by a consortium of seven European countries, on the potentialities of garden therapies to develop communication, social and entrepreneurial skills of the target groups (e.g. minorities, people with learning disabilities and physical and mental health problems, migrants and refugees).

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Media Consumption Trends: Comparing Millennials and Generation Z

Author(s): Hadiza Wada / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This study compared and analyzed the preferences and practices of two generations of news and information seekers. The two generations are the millennials born between 1980 to 1999 (now 20-39 years old) and generation Z, born at the turn of the century 2000-date (19 years and below). With the proliferation of misinformation, disinformation and fake news overshadowing professional media, the purpose is to identify consumption trends across these two generations as well as learning whether these generation of future leaders and decision makers are equipping themselves with reliable information from professional media sources in order to build a sound knowledge base. The respondents’ media preference and use was therefore studied. Survey method was employed, to gather the necessary data retrieved from 300 questionnaires distributed. The results show the older generation, millennials, exhibit more confidence in their sources (Radio and Television being most popular) at 42% and only 9% getting some information off social media, versus generation Z with highest percentage using internet as news source at 54%, and 23.5% using social media. The study revealed an obvious trend among the generation Z for increasing use of new media and social media as news sources, even as they revealed that they cannot guarantee their sources’ reliability.

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Horizontal Inequality in Urban India: A Human Development Perspective

Author(s): Paramjeet Chawla / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the current global scenario, India stands at the 130th position in the human development ranking for 2018, wherein the major challenge highlighted is that 26% of this human development remains lost due to inequality (UNDP 2018). Even though the notion of ‘vertical’ inequality remains a pertinent issue across the globe, the issue of inequality across social groups in India, arising from a historical discrimination and segregation, continues to remain a deep-seated worry for India’s overall development. The level of well-being of the individuals remains directly linked to the groups’ standard of living. The statements mentioned are also supported by evidence on social group inequalities, wherein the India Exclusion Report 2014-15 states that 59% of the Dalits are employed as labourers in Rural India, 46.5% of the Adivasis are falling in the same category, as against the overall rural population in which only 40% of the individuals are labourers. It is also important to note that, urban inequality remains the major driver for rising inequality in India, thereby requiring an in-depth understanding of inequality (India Inequality Report 2018). This paper focuses on understanding horizontal inequalities across the major social groups in India, Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and the unreserved/ general category in the urban spaces for India. The evidence for horizontal inequalities is scattered, and there remains a lack of quantification and consolidation of evidence for inequalities across social groups. This paper aims to measure horizontal inequalities with a human development perspective, for urban spaces in India utilizing the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) (Round 2), and therefore create actionable evidence for matters of gaps and linkages that remain in the capability’s achievement for all the social groups in India.

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The Effects of Migration on Germany

Author(s): Petronella Képes / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Migration from third world countries toward the European Union is one of the biggest challenges that the European Union has to face. It represents political, economic, and societal risks as well as new opportunities. Depending on the weights one attaches to the ups or the downs of migration, the overall effects of migration are dubious. There is also a problem even with the term migration because people use it in several meanings: one of the goals of this paper is to dispel the misunderstanding around the definition. A previous research focused on the probable effects on Germany's population of immigration coming from the third world simply as a function of the number of immigrants. The purpose of the current paper is to elaborate further this simple model by introducing education. Namely, if the willingness to have children also depends on education, how will Germany’s population react to immigration, how the distribution of subpopulations will change. The paper presents possible scenarios by using evolutionary game theoretical tools.

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Refugees’ Perception of Racism: A Case Study of Iranian Refugees in Sweden

Author(s): Chnoor Maki / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This research is based on a case study regarding Iranian refugees in Sweden and it strives to find out how Iranian refugees have experienced racism in Sweden; if they have been exposed to racism or not? The aim of this study is to give voice to marginalized people so we might discover the hidden aspects of racism that might not be obvious for any researcher. The data for this article is based on semi-structured interviews that have been conducted with Iranian refugees in Sweden in 2017. Most of the participants in this study were Iranian refugees who have been in Sweden for less than 5 years, at the time of this research. In this paper, drawing on 13 semi-structured interviews, I show that in Sweden, racism emerges in two important levels; individual level and structural level. Furthermore, I show that racism is not limited to a specific group; different ethnicities and nationalities are prejudiced against each other. In addition, the discourse of “them” and “us” exist amongst refugees and immigrants. This distinction has been built upon supposed “cultural superiority” of Swedes which brings about a distinction between immigrants and Swedes in this case

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Considerations on the Vices of Consent at the Conclusion of the Civil Legal Act in Romania

Author(s): Cristian Dan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Any civil patrimonial report born, modified or extinguished and of great value is concluded by one person, in the case of unilateral acts, or several persons in the case of bilateral or multilateral acts. The legal act, however, in order to be valid, ends with the observance of the essential conditions to produce its effects in exactly as the parties agreed at the time of their manifestation of will. However, even with the best of intentions, there are situations where the act is affected by certain vices of consent such as error, and other times when at least one of the parties pursues a hidden interest and uses certain malicious maneuvers or even violence to cause the other party to conclude a legal report. In these circumstances, if the vice is proved, the act thus concluded entails the sanction of relative nullity. The paper aims to analyze each of the vices of consent to the conclusion of legal acts from the perspective of civil law related to the legislation in force in Romania and the fundamental law of the Romanian state, viewed from the perspective of other branches of law closely related to civil law. Some conclusions at the end of the paper will aim to combine the four vices of consent and explain its entire content.

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The Impact of Privatized Media on National Development and Programme Quality: A Nigerian Case Study

Author(s): Hadiza Wada / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This work studied the trends set so far by privately owned radio stations after almost thirty years of operation in Nigeria. The Nigerian professional media history goes back a long way, with the recording of the first modern style newspaper in 1859. Radio came in the early 1930s, and television in 1959. But it was not until August 24, 1992 with the proclamation of a military decree No. 38, more than a century later, that media professionals in Nigeria were able to officially register privately owned radio and television stations through the National Broadcasting Commission. It’s been almost thirty years of privatized media operations, but not much empirical studies have been conducted to measure the impact of privatized media on the industry, trends established so far, as well as impact on the nation’s economic, political and social development. A survey of employees of two private radio stations was conducted. Program quality in comparison to government owned media was rated very high by the respondents, while ownership influence in programming decisions was a major hindrance, so also financing problems. Data was analysed within the framework of developmental media theory. It was recommended that the government generate and commit to solid short, medium, and long term development plans for the media to complement with advocacy and programming content. And for the stations to find alternative ways of fundraising to allow them function more in line with their professional calling and expectations, while serving public interests.

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General Principles of Legal Devolution Exceptions

Author(s): Adriana Tulus / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As far as my choice for this subject is concerned, I should say that I chose it because I considered that it concerns one of the most important institutions in succession matters being necessary in order to establish both the order of the coming to the inheritance among the classes of heirs, but also the priority of the coming to the inheritance of the relatives of the deceased who belong to the same class of heirs. The general principle of legal devolution means that basic rule, which is capable of wide-ranging application; a guiding idea, common to all legal relations aimed at legal development. The devolution of the inheritance is the attribution of the inheritance to certain heirs. By inheritance representation, a legal heir of a more distant degree, appointed representative, ascends, by law, to the rights of his ascendant, appointed representative, in order to reap the part of the inheritance which would have been due to him if he had not been unworthy of the deceased or deceased at the time of the opening of the inheritance. With regard to the term of “successors” and that of “heirs”, in the new Civil Code they designate the same person: the one called to the inheritance, but the term heir is preferred. The successor is sometimes used as a synonym for the term “heir”, but it is also used with a distinct meaning, also existing in the old Civil Code: that of heir who accepted the inheritance, who is in a situation of individuation with the other successors.

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From Homo Oeconomicus to Homo Praeventicus

Author(s): Julia M. Puaschunder / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Standard economic models primarily captured human beings to be rational utility maximizers in the homo oeconomicus model. Behavioral economics addressed human decision making fallibility in a wide range of studies including laboratory and field experiments as well as big data. The currently ongoing COVID-19 crisis now underlines the importance of a healthy work environment. The medicine of the future is believed to prevent diseases instead of just treating their consequences. There is an expected shift from modern medicine’s focus on acute treatment to address the inherently-underlying preventive measures that diseases would have a more favorable trajectory or are even avoidable at all. The homo praeventicus model may focus on preventing diseases and working in advance on favorable immune conditions that avert negative outbreaks of pandemics or determine a healthier state when falling sick. The homo oeconomicus offers as a remedy to chronic diseases and a reduction of a global cost escalation for medical care. Because we have to live with environmental burdens on our health, a change of direction towards prevention is recommended and the implementation of homo praeventicus models envisioned.

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Synthisophy – Integrating the Wisdoms of History into Present Culture. Part II - Summary of Chapters 16 through 30

Author(s): Andre Houle / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper is an introduction to synthisophy: roots, mission, description and conclusion.

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