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Discrimination represents the prohibition or restriction of fundamental human rights and freedoms, becoming the reason for aggressive or undignified behavior, influenced by a lack of respect and consideration. In this context, the young people's perception of the phenomenon of discrimination based on religion or national origin in a multicultural educational environment is of interest. In connection with this, we conducted an opinion poll among Romanian, Russian, and Indian students studying at the „Nicolae Testemițanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy. According to the results, the problem of discrimination based on religion or national origin is not peculiar to young people, who are much more flexible in their behavior and thinking. They neglect ethnocentrism, stereotypes, and prejudices and realize that the peaceful coexistence of people belonging to different cultural backgrounds requires a tolerant environment.
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Local people are one of the important drivers of tourism. They have a significant role on tourist behavior for having a positive destination image and repeat visits. This situation emphasizes the importance of the communication of the local people with the tourists. Tourism perception of the local people is seen as an indicator of its contribution to tourism development. The local people’s positive perception of tourism will enable tourists to be satisfied with this region and contribute to the touristic development of the region. It is thought that tourists from the local people who can develop effective communication skills and positive tourism perception will also be satisfied. In this context, the aim of the research is to determine the relationship between communication skills and tourism perception. In the scope of the research, a questionnaire was applied to 500 people residing in the city of Sinop. The data obtained were evaluated with the SPSS program and the relationship between the communication skills of the local people and their perception of tourism was tested. According to the results, a positive and negative relationship was determined between the communication skills of the local people and the sub-dimensions of tourism perceptions. Some suggestions were made according to the results of the research
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Znanost, istraživanje i tehnološki razvoj su prioriteti politika i aktivnosti Europske unije (EU). Cilj je jačanje znanstvenih i tehnoloških osnova industrije EU kako bi postala konkurentnija u svjetskim razmjerima. U tom smislu EU podstiče univerzitete, znanstveno-istraživačke institute i preduzeća u njihovim visokokvalitetnim istraživačkim i tehnološko-razvojnim djelatnostima, te podupire napore koje ulažu u međusobnu suradnju.
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U referatu je predstavljen sistem naučnoistraživačke i istraživačkorazvojne djelatnosti u Republici Sloveniji. Uslovi punopravnog članstva u EU donijeli su nove sistemske i suštinske izazove. U referatu su predstavljene glavne crte strateških dokumenata i smjer razvoja naučnoistraživačke i istraživačkorazvojne djelatnosti u Sloveniji. Predstavljen je i sistem formiranja i implementacije naučne i istraživačke politike i glavni instrumenti financiranja djelatnosti.
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The first chapter of the book has multiple goals. It introduces the topics and the chosen title Geography of Barriers and discusses why it is important to study it. It shows how the above-mentioned accessibility of space, services and information depends on various types of barriers. Their influence on policies of accessibility in public space frames the whole book. Thinking about barriers is not limited to the dimension of streets or squares, but considers the broader meaning of barriers: in public buildings, institutions, services, websites, information systems, applications, etc. A barrier does not have to be material, it can be of social, communication, or technological nature. Our book distinguishes among three types of barriers. The first type is represented by those annoying material high curbs, missing guide, unlabeled earthwork, etc.—i.e., the barriers of our everyday life. When talking about examples of removing the first type of barriers, we already consider the second type—so-called political barriers one encounters in the introduction of policies of accessibility. The last type of barriers is devoted only peripheral attention, being represented by so-called post-socialist barriers, i.e., barriers stemming from the meaning of disability in a post-socialist society.
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The chapter talks about the development of disability studies and its key points such as the intersection of activism and academia, the social model of disability, or interconnection of various disciplines. The ways of thinking about ability, disability, normal and abnormal bodies and people, are highly formed by the society—by education, media, expert and lay discourses ranging from medicine to social policy—and influence how cities, streets and houses are designed. Therefore, the aim of disability studies is to change the discourses and modes of behavior so that they are more inclusive. The chapter discusses beginnings of this field at the interconnections of activism and academia, and its difficult position in the Czech Republic, where it is not an established major at any university. Here, especially the public discourse revolves around the medical model of disability that sees the core of the problem in one’s impairment, instead of focusing on disabling processes leading to discrimination, which the social model of disability, pivotal for disability studies, does. However, the chapter also discusses various critiques of the social model.
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IoT, big data analytics, and machine learning advancements have made the concept of a smart city a reality. The goal of a smart city, as we all know, is to give efficient answers to its residents using modern technology and data analytics collected by sensors. The idea of a smart city was something SF for many people in the 20th century, that was anyway pictured just in the popular media. Cities are becoming smarter not just in terms of how we can automate regular operations for individual people, buildings, and traffic systems, but also in terms of how we can monitor, comprehend, analyze, and design the city in real time to increase efficiency, equity, and quality of life for its population. A smart city goes beyond utilizing digital technology to improve resource efficiency and reduce pollution. It entails improved urban transportation networks, updated water and waste disposal facilities, and more energy-efficient lighting and heating systems. It also entails a more involved and responsive local government, safer public areas, and addressing the needs of older people. In this paper we will approach the actual smart city, what is it today; how they developed in recent years, the domains where is implemented (traffic management, healthcare, and public safety for example) and the future of smart cities in the whole world.
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The article deals with the impact of public policies co-financed by the European Structural and Investment Funds in the programming period 2014 – 2020 on the development of municipalities, cities and regions. Based on the experience of the programming period 2007 – 2013, the territorial dimension was also included into the Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Czech Republic in the current period. The territorial dimension is understood as an opportunity to support the competitiveness of specific types of territories and also as a tool for balancing territorial disparities. The territorial dimension links the sectoral and regional focus of support tools and activities. The fulfilment of the territorial dimension in the programming period 2014 - 2020 takes place through integrated projects and integrated tools. Integrated tools used in this programming period are integrated territorial investments, integrated territorial development plans and community-led local development. Despite the delays in the start of the programming period, all integrated instruments are used in the second half of the programming period and their impact can be analyzed. The article specifies the range and the benefits of integrated tool implementation and recommendations for the preparation of the next period based on the current implementation process.
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Tourism is an important phenomenon that shapes human society. It affects not only the economy but also has significant social, cultural and political implications. In specific cases, it also has an important center-making function. This is also confirmed by the story of the Piešťany Town which, thanks to the development of spa tourism, has changed from a small rural settlement with a dominant agricultural activity to a world-famous spa town with a wide range of economic activities. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the impact of tourism on the social and economic development of the town based on the study of historical materials, statistical data processing, field research and evaluation of the questionnaire survey of the enterprise environment. The stagnation in the number of overnight stays, long-term decline in the number of foreign visitors and changes in their composition and preferences result in a decrease in the number of accommodation facilities and beds. There has been a decline in employment in tourism facilities. The proportion of inhabitants leaving for work has increased. Along with the intense suburbanization process, these changes has led to a decline in the population of the town and its aging. Therefore, the town has to seek also other economic activities which would reverse this unfavorable development.
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Since Slovakia's accession to the EU, European funds have become an important source of financing for regional development, which are provided on the basis of elaborated regional development programs at various hierarchical levels. The Environment area has become an inevitable priority area of each such document responding to the current state and quality of environmental components in accordance with sustainable development. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the allocation of funds for the Environment priority area in the Nitra Self-governing Region during 2014 – 2018. The funds were identified for individual measures according to the districts of the region while the focus of projects and sources of their financing were also evaluated. Several methods were used, such as system analysis (grouping and evaluation of information), comparative analysis in creating own databases, mathematical-statistical methods, etc. During the individual years, an average of more than 50 million euros were addressed to the Nitra Self-governing Region. The largest districts of the region (Nitra, Levice and Komárno) received the most funds (59.7 %). In 2018, more than half (52.9 %) of funds came from the European Structural and Investment Funds from the Operational Program Research and Innovation and 37.8 % from the Operational Program Quality of Environment.
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There are many factors that affect the development of social policy in a country, and the development of social policy in countries differs from each other. While social policy in Western countries is shaped by a joint effort by social policy actors, the dominant actor in the development of social policy in underdeveloped or developing countries is the state. In the Ottoman Empire, as a result of the state's intervention in social problems being prohibitive rather than protective, having the characteristics of an agricultural society and weak industrialization, social classes could not be born and strengthened. The absence of social classes could not create the necessary conditions for the emergence of social policy. In the transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey, there was a smooth transition rather than sharp changes in the economic and social fields. In this context, the state is the leading actor in the development of social policy in the Republic of Turkey, as it was in the Ottoman Empire. In Turkey, the development of social policy has been limited due to the problems that arose in the first years of the republic and in the following periods. This study, it is aimed to classify the historical development of Turkey's social policy in the 20th century according to certain periods and to reveal the main developments in social policy that took place in this period.
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Damir je i ovo jutro ustao kasno. Dugo se budio. Pogled mu pade na harmoniku. Kako ju je nekada samo volio. - Hoćeš doručkovati? – pita ga majka. - Pusti me – odgovara Damir ljutito oblačeći jaknu i patike. Laganim korakom izlazi iz zgrade. Zastaje i razmišlja. U školu svakako više ne ide. U tri škole je pokušao. I ništa. On je za to najmanje kriv. Kada god bi krenuo u školu, neko je naišao da ga odgovori taj dan.
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Proces komunikacije se odvija verbalno i neverbalno. Počinje kada se jedna osoba obraća drugoj zbog potrebe da nešto iskomunicira i podijeli. Čovjekova sposobnost da komunicira riječima razlikuje ga od ostalih živih bića jer se komuniciranjem čovjek prepoznaje, idenitificira i oblikuje svoju civilizaciju. Komunikacija se sastoji od dva dijela: govora i slušanja. Ljudi su uglavnom okupirani govorom i ne razmišljaju o slušanju.
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The book “Gender Stereotypes: Sounds Familiar?” is a part of the project An Initiative for Creative Dialogue and Education. Together with the group “Brkate” and comic book author Jakov Čaušević, TPO Foundation Sarajevo designed the comic book edition: Bogey Femiteaching. The aim of Bogey Femiteaching is to challenge prejudices on feminism and gender equality, and to question the position of women in contemporary BosnianHerzegovinian society through the use of comics genre and humour. Our choice for the comics genre is twofold. It has potential to engage young people with a variety of subjects, while simultaneously acting as an educational tool in an encouraging and non-intimidating manner. Initially, our team aimed only at publishing twenty comic stories and to present them to the wider public – especially young people, through setting up an exhibition. However, we decided to take the project a step further due to the positive interaction and the great interest young people showed during exhibitions. This experience also led us to conclude that the comics genre is an ideal form for an interdisciplinary approach to education. It provides a great motivating tool for all those who are not as interested in the traditional educational methods, such as books for example.
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František Josef I. (1830–1916) patří k nejdéle panujícím vládcům v dějinách lidstva. Je symbolem epochy, které říkáme františko-josefínská a které může v Evropě konkurovat snad pouze epocha viktoriánská. Ve střední Evropě je František Josef chápán jako člověk symbolizující epochu modernizace se všemi pozitivy a negativy, která změny do života lidí přinášely. Svým osudem symbolizuje také rozporný postoj člověka k novému způsobu života v moderní společnosti, řada tragédií a nezdarů provázejících jeho vládu i osobní život dává celé epoše silný lidský rozměr. Během období, kdy seděl František Josef I. na rakouském (rakousko-uherském) trůnu, se vystřídali v čele svých zemí: tři němečtí císařové, čtyři ruští carové, dvanáct nejvyšších státních představitelů Francie, osmnáct amerických prezidentů. S odstupem času veřejnost zapomíná na císařovy chyby a neúspěchy a problémy, které nedokázal uspokojivě vyřešit: národnostní vztahy, ústavnost a demokratizace poměrů v říši, sociální napětí ad. Zvyšuje se tak vliv dobové propagandy, která císaře líčila jako moudrého a dobrotivého otce obyvatel říše, který se cítil být prvním služebníkem státu, obětoval se pro říši a jeho režim se snažil být i v maličkostech korektní a neúplatný. Cílem výuky je blíže se seznámit s osobností císaře Františka Josefa, nahlédnout cestou badatelského vyučování hlavní problémy jeho epochy a provést na základě této znalosti kritiku císařovy sebeprezentace. Zkušenost se státní propagandou pozdního 19. století bude pro studenty užitečná při kritické interpretaci propagandy pozdější i současné.
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Failure to find adequate solutions for democratic development established on the basis of the market economy results primarily in economic, and based on it, other dependencies, which leads to a spiral development with negative consequences for these countries. The most recognizable are: sociopolitical dependence, economic, technical-technological and the necessity of joining one of the security alliances. Democracy and transition for these countries offer many options, and joining one of the alliances or associations is conditional in many ways. Insufficiently strong international entities are subject to various disturbances that they try to overcome independently within the framework of international relations, with the help of the international community or individual countries in the immediate and distant environment. The sublimation of historical, geographical, political, economic and securitydefense problems of underdeveloped countries clearly indicates that they are multiple dependent on international organizations and highly developed countries, but also that their power of absorption is not great when accepting some new values, so transition periods last quite a long time.
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In order to understand the causes of juvenile delinquency, we must look at the theoretical assumptions of criminogenic factors that lead to this deviant phenomenon among young people. In principle, all theories fall into three categories according to their origins and theoretical beliefs: biological, psychological and sociological. Not wanting to diminish the importance of other theories, and due to the structure and scope of the matter, in this paper we will deal primarily with sociological theories that are related to social factors and the dysfunctionality of a society in general. What all sociological theories have in common is that they see crime and juvenile delinquency as a socially conditioned phenomenon, and those who commit crimes as psychophysically healthy people who committed a crime due to the action of socially unfavorable factors. In using sociological theories for the emergence and development of deviations, one should be careful, because many have rightly asked the question: Why do those factors that favor sociological theories not affect the majority of citizens of a community, if unfavorable social factors are the only reason for the emergence of deviations in society?
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The old conceptual approach known as the "traditional paradigm of education", according to which the professor or teacher thinks and orders, and the students only execute, is becoming a thing of the past. The environment is too dynamic and full of changes for the classical approach to learning and teaching to remain viable and usable in human life. It follows that everyone, both teachers and students, must learn, that is, be ready for the integrative process of lifelong learning. Lifelong learning implies the integration of formal, non-formal and informal learning in order to acquire opportunities for continuous improvement of the quality of life. Young people who are educated within the institutions of the education system in Bosnia and Herzegovina are forced to constantly change and improve their own habits, abilities and skills in order to be as competitive as possible on the labor market.
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