Assessment of the Relationship between Health and Sustainable Development in the Countries of the European Union

Author(s): Magdaléna Drastichová / Language(s): English / Issue: 06/2020

The social dimension of sustainable development (SD) and those aspects of it related to human health are crucial for SD. By means of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) the European Union countries and other three developed countries were assessed using selected indicators reflecting aspects of health related to SD. Five indicators reflecting these aspects at the macroeconomic level were used. These were a pair of objective indicators, a pair of subjective indicators and one indicator reflecting resources for health care. They were applied in order to cluster the 31 countries for each year in the period 2011 – 2015 and also for the whole period. Four clusters were created for the years 2011 – 2014, three clusters for 2015, and five clusters for the overall period. Switzerland was evaluated as the best performing country in the sample, and Lithuania as the worst. Czechia exhibited a significant shift towards higher sustainability.

Attitudes of the student population and the Serbian intellectual diaspora members about the causes and consequences of the Serbian “brain drain” phenomenon

An Overview of the Results of the Empirical Research

Author(s): Dragana Lj. Mitrović / Language(s): English,Serbian / Issue: 1/2020

Currently unfolding before us is the process of globalization, which has led to the networking of the global society and the intensification of transnational mobility of human educational capital. In the conditions of regional and class division, the process of asymmetrical globalization is also reflected in the unequal labour exchange in the gray matter market between countries belonging to different areas of the global world system. Of course, Serbia today is also under the effect of the aforementioned process. The subjects of this paper are the global, regional and national causes and consequences of the brain drain from Serbia and the innovative-creative potential of the Serbian intellectual diaspora for the development of Serbia and the protection of its interests in the contemporary world. This research is of a multidisciplinary character – sociological-demographical, ethno-culturological and communicological. Following the dictates of the so-called integral paradigm, efforts have been made to obtain valid results for scientific conclusions through a unity of theoretical problematization and synthesis of the results derived from empirical research. The paper consists of the analysis and interpretation of the results of empirical research done on the topic of causes and consequences of the brain drain, as well as the potential of the Serbian intellectual diaspora, conducted on a two-fold sample: one part consisting of the student population of Serbia and the other of the Serbian intellectual diaspora. The focus of the research was on the beliefs of the respondents regarding the motives, causes and consequences of the brain drain happening in Serbia, as well as the motives and the possibilities for the return to the native country. The sample consists of more than 950 respondents (545 students from Serbia and 413 diaspora members). The results of the research have shown that students and members of the Serbian intellectual diaspora hold identical beliefs regarding the perception of the main cause behind the brain drain in Serbia, with both groups citing the economic underdevelopment of the country and low levels of the quality of life, with both of the aforementioned factors influencing the ability to keep cadres within the country or to encourage their return. Of course, this fact is also conditioned by, among other things, the level of Serbia’s involvement in the processes of globalization, as well as by its position in the contemporary division of labour. The very end of the paper also highlights the program of possible measures and recommendations which have an action-oriented character, for the purpose of resolving this problem and creating a new policy regarding diaspora.

AZERBAYCAN'DA ALMAN YERLEŞİMİ

Author(s): Rahiba Aliyeva,Nasib Zeynalov / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 47/2020

In this article studies the German colonial heritage in the town of Goy-Gol. In the research paper being considered to review the historical development of the Helenendorf settlement which is now known as the town of Goy-Gol. This research article is studied the settlement a particularly what was emerged and in which historical period shaping from the viewpoint of architecture, town-planning. In this case study the structures that are the cultural architectural heritage of town are elucidated on the basis of which typology and who designed by. There is carried out classification of architectural structures that are built in the historical Helenendorf. A certain way are considered to review by defining the types of structures on their characteristic features in a typologically. The situation of these structures in the town-planning system and the historic Helenendorf's general urban design nature were studied. Thus, the cultural heritage of Helenendorf, until now which has been researched from a historical and ethnographic viewpoint, also in there now studied by the authors from the architectural-urban aspect.

Based on Environmental Management to Discuss the Effect of Food Service Businesses’ Social Responsibility on Environmental Performance

Author(s): Chih-Hung PAI,Wen-Cheng WANG,Ching-Hwa YU,Hongwei XU / Language(s): English / Issue: 68/2020

When the public gets busy at work, a lot of people are used to eating out to solve the trouble with having meals. It therefore booms food service. Food service presents the responsibility to provide people with healthy food and environment and is the most important and the best place to promote food safety and hygiene. Food hygiene is an important part in nutrition education and reveals close relationship with people’s physical and mental health. Aiming at food service employees in Fujian Province, total 500 copies of questionnaire are distributed, with random sampling, in this study. 348 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 70%. The retrieved questionnaire data are analyzed with statistical software. The research results show remarkable correlations between environmental management and social responsibility, social responsibility and environmental performance, and environmental management and environmental performance. According to the results, suggestions are proposed, expecting to help food service businesses present correct food hygiene cognition, attitude, and behavior, deliver correct information to food service employees, and become the learning model of food service employees. It would improve the public food hygiene and promote national health.

Beitrag zur Anthropologie Spätrömischer bis Spätmittelalterlicher Bevölkerungen Jugoslawiens

Author(s): Živko Mikić / Language(s): German / Issue: 22/1984

U priloženom radu je učinjen pokušaj, prvo, da se na jednom mestu sakupi i interpretira sav antropološki materijal istorijskih perioda Jugoslavije prikupljen i publikovan zaključno sa 1982. godinom i, drugo, da se uz pomoć multivarijabilnih biostatističkih metoda dobije slika o antropološkoj strukturi i etnogenezi stanovništva od rimskog perioda do kasnog srednjeg veka. Tematski, ovaj rad je zapravo nastavak studije o stanju i problemima fizičke antropologije praistorijskih perioda na tlu Jugoslavije. Jedan od glavnih ciljeva ostao je praćenje mikroevolutivnih procesa, pre svega procesa brahikranizacije i dinarizacije stanovništva — paralelnih bioantropoloških procesa najkarakterističnijih za antropogenezu na Balkanskom poluostrvu. Tu, svakako, spada i proces metizacije autohtonog stanovništva sa različitim doseljenicima (npr., romanska retorta, seoba naroda, slovenska ekspanzija). Osnovu za ovu studiju čine 42 raspoložive antropološke serije (pojedinačni nalazi zbog metodoloških pravila nisu uzeti u obzir, a sem toga oni svojim brojem predstavljaju sasvim zanemarljiv deo) sa ukupno oko 5000 individualnih skeleta, od čega je autor obradio 17 serija sa oko 2000 individua (lokaciju videti na karti I). Za razumevanje i diferenciranje elnogenetskih i antropogenelskih procesa neophodno je u najkraćim crtama osvrnuti se na ključne istorijske elemente pomenutog razdoblja (prema Istoriji Jugoslavije, Beograd 1972). Da rezimiramo, jedna od najstarijih etničkih poznatih grupa na teritoriji Jugoslavije bili su Hiti, tj. plemenski savez nastao pretežno u zapadnom delu Balkanskog poluostrva. Vrlo brzo je došlo do neprijateljskih odnosa sa Rimskim Carstvom, pri čemu su Iliri bili poraženi. Osvojene su najpre seveme oblasti istočne jadranske obale, a u nastavku ratovanja — za vreme vladavine Oktavijana Avgusta — ćelo Balkansko poluostrvo je postalo deo Rimske Imperije. Na početku velike suprotnosti između balkanskih starosedelaca i rimskih pridošlica vremenom su se izmenile, tako da je iz antagonizma stvorena jedna vrsta simbioze. Jezik i kultura starosedelaca su, na određen način uključeni u rimsku svakodnevnicu na Balkanu i obrnuto. Stanovnici provincija služili su u rimskoj vojsci, tako da su veliki deo svog života provodili na granicama Carstva, šireći u isto vreme rimski način života i kulturu uopšte. rojevima od 1 do 17), polna pripadnost individualnih skeleta je određivana na osnovu 21 polno-morfološkog elementa na lobanji i postkranijalnom skeletu (1. tuber frontale et parietale, 2. glabela — arcus supercilialis, 3. processus mastoydeus, 4. protuberantia occipitalis externa, 5. squama occipitalis, 6. margo supraorbitalis, 7. arcus zygomaticus, 8. faciès malaris, 9. corpus mandibulae, 10. trigonum mentale, 11. angulus mandibulae, 12. capitulum mandibulae, 13. angulus pubis, 14. pelvis maior, 15. pelvis minor, 16. foramen obturatum, 17. incisura ischiadica maior, 18. sacrum, 19. caput femoris, 20. femur-linea asperae i 21. clavicula). Kod nepotpuno očuvanih skeleta pol je određivan na osnovu očuvanih primarnih elemenata na karlici, lobanji i femuni. Kod određivanja individualne starosti dece (do oko 14 godina života) primenjivana je lista po Kronfeldu (1954). Za period života od 15 do 21, odnosno do 23 godine korišćeni su dijagrami Wolf-Heideggera (1954). Za određivanje smrtnosti odraslih osoba korišćeni su kombinovani klasični metodi (obliteracija šavova Iobanjskog svoda, kompaktnost mase spongioze u glavama femura i humerusa, površinska struktura karličnih simfiziona (naročito važno kod ženskog pola), kao i atricija gornje krunične površine zuba-molara). Iz rimskog perioda potiče svega 6 antropološki obrađenih serija iz Jugoslavije. Brojem su nešto bogatije serije ranog srednjeg veka, koje u osnovi prezentiraju predslovensko stanovništvo. Dendrogram 12 pokazuje koeficijente međusobne sličnosti tog stanovništva na osnovu Penroseove distance. Razgranatost klastera nije signifikantna, nego, naprotiv — relativna homogenost. Svega nekoliko rastojanja parova povezano je na nivou najveće sličnosti, konkretno ispod 2,00: Između serije Ptuj 1946, s jedne strane, Grudine-Čipulić i Nin-Ždrijac, s druge strane, zatim između Radolišta i Svetog Erazma. Skala rastojanja se praktično završava kod koeficijenta 0,720. Jedini izuzetak predstavlja serija iz Daraž- Bošnjaka, koja stoji jako izolovano. Relativno je bogat skeletni materijal iz perioda kasnog srednjeg veka, koji obuhvata pretežno slovenske, ali i druge starosedelačke grupe. Odgovarajući dendrogram (13) ocrtava ispod kritičnog koeficijenta (ispod .200) serije Viminacium- Nad lugom, Sombor i Sentu. Optički posmatrano, u istom dendrogramu jasno se razlikuju dva supklastera. Prvi obuhvata Dobraču (1), Vrbas (2), Brestovik (5), Kalemegđan 1972 (12); drugi Rašku Gora (3), Viminacium-Nad Lugom (6), Sombor (7), Sentu (13), Vinču (4), Pavlovac (8), Kuline (9) i Glavicu (10). Sasvim izolovano mesto zauzima serija Kalemegđan 1968, a koja je pripisana mongoloidima (Mađarima). Kao što je u uvodu već napomenuto, jedan od ciljeva ovoga rada je, svakako, pokušaj tumačenja procesa brahikranizacije. Zbog toga bi se trebalo ukratko osvrnuti i na antropološke nalaze praistorijskih perioda. Još početkom ovog stoleća utvrđeno je da se između seveme i južne Evrope prostire jedan pojas »kratkoglavog stanovništva«. Prema kartama rasprostranjenosti karakterističnih kombinacija osobina (Ripley, Biasutti, Struck) , ovaj pojas recentnog stanovništva zahvata jugoistočnu Francusku, južnu Nemačku, oblast Alpa kao i oblast dinarskih planina u Jugoslaviji. Taj pojas kratkoglavog stanovništva (alpskog i dinarskog tipa) prvi put je u prošlosti pouzdano identifikovan na nalazima iz"perioda gvozdenog doba što je autor i utvrdio u ovoj studiji. Sasvim je pouzdano da je jedan centar brahikranizacije postojao i na Balkanskom poluostrvu. Ali, pojedinačno nađene brahikrane lobanje, npr. sa teritorije Jugoslavije, vezuju se i za ranije praistorijske epohe, konkretno za protoneolitske i neolitske serije u Đerdapu. Zatim se nešto kasnije pojavljuju u starčevačkim slojevima u Vinči kod Beograda i u slojevima II—IV u Smilčiću na jadranskoj obali. U mlađem neplitu i eneolitu Jugoslavije brahikrane lobanje, s obzirom na sadašnji stupanj istraženosti, nisu utvrđene. Uopšte uzevši, ovi periodi su vrlo slabo zastupljeni antropološkim nalazima. Sasvim jasno, u bronzanom dobu na Balkanskom poluostrvu dolazi do izražaja proces brahikranizacije i uporedo dinarizacije. Počeci ovog procesa verovatno sežu u dublju prošlost, koja se, međutim, na sadašnjem stupnju istraženosti ne može sasvim pouzdano odrediti. S druge strane, i etničke pođele na Balkanu poprimaju pouzdane kriterij ume u bronzanom dobu. Sasvim globalno interpretirano, zapadni delovi su nastanjeni ilirskim, a istočni tračkim etno-kulturnim grupacijama. Razlike na dijagramu ispoljene između severnih i južnih jugoslovenskih oblasti u sklopu brahikranizacionog procesa mogle bi da ocrtavaju i etno-istorijske razlike. Naime, severne jugoslovenske oblasti (iznad Save i Dunava) manje su brahikrane od južnih, što može da bude posledica činjenice da je germansko, avarsku i kasnije slovensko naseljavanje u ravničarskim oblastima bilo intenzivnije. Nasuprot ovakvoj situaciji, u južnim planinskim oblastima udeo autohtonog stanovništva (dinarskog antropološkog tipa) u daljem antropo- i etnogenetskorn razvoju u pravcu recentnog stanovništva daleko je viši nego u prethodnom slučaju.

Belarusian Millennials: A Generation Gap?

Author(s): Larissa Grigoryevna Titarenko / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2019

The authors focus on the generation of young Belarusian Millennials represented in this research by the students born in 1995–2000. Their main features include political indifference, everyday use of IT technologies, individualism and rational life attitudes. Taking into account both objective and subjective characteristics of this generation, the authors argue that it demonstrates a significant shift in societal development of Belarus. Under the social and cultural conditions of stability and political conservatism, the ‘silent revolution’ took place: Millennials transcoded the traditional values of the previous Soviet generations. The conceptualization of this phenomenon cannot be made only on the basis of quantitative data not capturing the new tendencies in youth development. The authors combine qualitative and quantitative methods that enhance a possibility to measure new meanings the youth puts into the basic values. This approach made it possible to discover the new youth features that may affect Belarusian development in the near future: its ambivalent self-identification, dominance of pragmatism and individualism. This phenomenon can be considered as a spontaneous reflection to the challenges that Belarus was facing during the post-Soviet transformation.

Between Karel Čapek and a Hard Brexit. Reflections on Robotics and Humanity

Author(s): Derek Sayer / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Karel Čapek introduced the word robot to the languages of the world in his drama R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots), which premiered on 25 January 1921 at the National Theater in Prague. The word itself was coined by Karel’s older brother Josef, a cubist painter who created the stage-sets for the play. Etymology indelibly links robots with unfree labor, since robot comes from robota, the Czech word for the labor services Bohemian peasants owed their lords until 1848, when servile tenancies were abolished. A robot, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is “a machine with a human appearance or functioning like a human,” but the term has also come to be used inversely, to describe “a person who works mechanically and efficiently but insensitively.” [...]

Bezpieczeństwo Polski w cyberprzestrzeni

Author(s): Agnieszka Stępień / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5.3/2016

The development of Internet contributed to the development of the information society. Since the 90’s, the Internet has been developed also in Poland. A virtual world has become an environment for the new unknown risks faced by the Polish society. It is necessary to take steps and create rules regulating functioning in a virtual world.

BOOK REVIEW, Cace Sorin, Fitzek Sebastian (Eds.): ICCV 2020 social report. Covid19 in Romania, data, analysis, evolutions and statistics, Bucharest: Romanian Academy, 2020, p. 273

Author(s): Sebastian Fitzek / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

Border Trouble: Ethnopolitics and Cosmopolitan Memory in Recent Polish Cinema

Author(s): Simon Lewis / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2019

The border shifts and population exchanges between Central and East European states agreed at the 1945 Potsdam Conference continue to reverberate in the culture and politics of those countries. Focusing on Poland, this article proposes the term “border trouble” to interpret the politicized split in memory that has run through Polish culture since the end of the Second World War. Border trouble is a form of cultural trauma that transcends binaries of perpetrator/victim and oppressor/oppressed; it is also a tool for analyzing the ways in which spatial imagination, memory, and identity interact in visual and literary narratives. A close analysis of four recent feature films demonstrates the emergence of a visual grammar of cosmopolitan memory and identity in relation to borderland spaces. Wojciech Smarzowski’s Róża (“Rose,” 2011) and Agnieszka Holland’s Pokot (“Spoor,” 2017) are both set in territories that were transferred from Germany to Poland in 1945. Wołyń (“Volhynia,” released internationally as “Hatred,” 2016) and W ciemności (“In Darkness,” 2011), also directed by Smarzowski and Holland respectively, are set in regions that were under Polish administration before the war but were transferred to Soviet Ukraine in 1945. All four productions break new ground in the memorialization of the post-war legacy in Poland. They deconstruct hitherto dominant discourses of simultaneity and ethnic homogeneity, engaging in Poland’s wars of symbols as a third voice: anti-nationalist, but also refusing to essentialize cosmopolitan identity. They show the evolution of border trouble in response to contemporary political and cultural developments.

Boredom, Apocalypse, and Beyond. Reading Havel through Patočka

Author(s): James Krapfl / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2018

What is the power of the powerless today? By drawing on the philosophy of history that informed Havel’s landmark essay, this piece presents notes for a possible sequel. It assesses the contemporary state of what Havel’s mentor, Jan Patočka, called “technological civilization,” particularly with respect to the growing linkage Patočka perceived between boredom (a product of this civilization) and orgiastic violence. Reflecting on the Havelian panoramas of our time and the ideologies associated with them, the piece situates our present in the multimillennial Patočkan history of human beings’ relation to meaning, violence, and responsibility. Following the logic behind Patočka’s and Havel’s Cassandra-like warnings from the 1970s, the piece concludes by confronting the increasing probability of global catastrophe, but it takes inspiration from their work to outline a program of responsible hope.

Car-sharing – krok w stronę elektromobilności

Author(s): Adriana Skorupska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2018

Car-sharing (wynajem aut na minuty), zyskujący coraz większą popularność w Polsce, staje się innowacyjnym elementem transportu miejskiego. Miasta powinny jednak stawiać na car- -sharing elektryczny, co może stanowić ważny krok w rozwoju elektromobilności w Polsce oraz skuteczny sposób na poprawę jakości powietrza. Wsparcie samorządów dla tego środka komunikacji miejskiej to także okazja do promocji polskich miast na forum międzynarodowym jako liderów w transporcie niskoemisyjnym, sięgających po nowoczesne rozwiązania.

Car-sharing: A Step towards Electromobility

Author(s): Adriana Skorupska / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2018

Car-sharing, more and more popular in Poland, is becoming an innovative element of public transport in cities. However, to make the expansion of car-sharing (rentals by the minute) an important step towards the development of electromobility in Poland and an effective way to improve air quality, cities should focus on electric car-sharing. Local government support for this initiative would be a promotional opportunity for Polish cities in international forums as leaders in low-emission transport and focused on innovative solutions.

Centre for Studies in European Integration Working Papers Series

Frequency: 4 issues / Country: Moldova, Republic of

CSIE Working Papers is a peer-reviewed academic online journal with four issues a year. Being launched by Center for Studies in European Integration, it offers an opportunity for young researchers to publish their scholarly papers, the results of their research activity, to get a feedback from the other researchers, to improve the methodology and to validate the results. Additionally, it encourages the exchange of the latest academic research and provides all those involved in research and practice with news, research findings, case examples and discussions.

Challenges for the German Greens

Author(s): Lidia Gibadło / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2019

The German Greens managed to strengthen their position in Bavaria and Hesse in 2018. At the federal level, they achieved the second-most support in the polls. These successes were fostered by the weakening of the CDU, the CSU and the SPD and, at the same, preserving the image of the party as an alternative for centre-left voters. For it to strengthen further requires the acquisition of new groups of voters and the expansion of its structures, especially in the east of Germany.

Chaplain of Solidarność and Philosopher of Hope

Author(s): Gerald J. Beyer / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2019

Józef Tischner’s deep commitment to pastoral ministry and his involvement with Solidarność make him an outstanding example of an engaged Christian philosopher who witnessed to the Gospel through rigorous academic work and actively promoting social change. Tischner’s description of the ethic of Solidarity, which helped overturn the Communist regime in Poland, also provides insight into the moral foundations of democracy. This article focuses primarily on his theological anthropology and its connection to some of his integral ideas concerning social change and the virtue of hope. First, the article explores some of Tischner’s thinking on hope. Next it considers how Tischner’s views about hope and the nature of the human person led him to conclude that nonviolence can bring about meaningful and lasting social change. The article contrasts Tischner’s ideas with those of the twentieth century U.S. theologian Reinhold Niebuhr. Like Tischner, Niebuhr also had major influence in the public sphere. However, his more pessimistic view of human nature led him to conclude that nonviolence cannot be an effective tool in the struggle for justice. Thus, Niebuhr serves as an interesting counterpoint to Tischner, revealing more clearly the link between hope, the human person, and social change in Tischner’s thought.

Christopher Steed “A Question of Worth: Economy, Society and the Quantification of Human Value”

Author(s): Wojciech Rafałowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Cities in the Polarised Socio-Economic Space of Poland

Author(s): Robert Perdał,Paweł Churski,Tomasz Herodowicz,Barbara Konecka-Szydłowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 34/2019

The process of socio-economic development is subject to changes resulting from the interaction of contemporary socio-economic megatrends which modify the influence of development factors and affect the polarisation of development in space. The measures to date, adopted as part of the cohesion policy and intended to decrease the differences, have not produced the desired results. This leads to the search for new solutions which include place-based intervention. Here, a special role is played by the largest cities performing the function of development poles. They can positively affect the development of the surrounding area. The work aims to identify the importance of cities in terms of socio-economic inequalities in Poland. The analysis is carried out at the local level and covers the years 2004-2016. The research includes three stages. What is discussed in the first is the role of cities as development poles. The second presents an analysis and classification of spatial differences in the level and dynamics of the development of the largest cities. The third stage determines the influence of these cities on the surroundings.

Condiții de viață și aspirații ale foștilor rezidenți ai Căminului Spital Cighid

Author(s): Claudia Bacter / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 03+04/2018

Child institutionalization has been and continues to be an issue at the level of our country and not only. Children’s placement in institutions affects their development in all as-pects. After reaching adulthood, many of those children who have gone through such an expe-rience face difficulties in having an autonomous life, in integrating into community and into the labour market. The purpose of this paper was to capture some relevant aspects of the lives of some young people who had been institutionalized in the Cighid Hostel Hospital for Minors with Severe Disabilities, Bihor County. The study focused on highlighting the implications of institutionalization on the young people and the factors which determined their integration, even though they were labelled as ‘hopeless’. In the study 9 young people with mild and moderate mental deficiencies were included, who were institutionalized in the communist period at the Cighid Hostel Hospital and who, at present, benefit from the services of the Romanian and Alsterdorf German Association of from Oradea. The focus group method was used. The dis-cussions focused on collecting information on the following areas of interest: aspects of the young people’s lives in the communist period/aspects of their lives in the period after 1989, how do these young people perceive institutionalization, school, their work, the support net-work, friendships, these young people’s life itinerary, wrong/inappropriate attitudes towards people with disabilities (prejudices, discriminatory actions), how they perceive their future. Our study results sustain that institutionalization determines young people’s development, with re-percussions throughout their lives. Nevertheless, the study outlines a positive image of young people, who demonstrate responsibility and wish to contribute, as much as they can, to the continuous improvement of their lives and of those from their entourage. All these aspects are possible only with a constant support from the community services and from the specialists assisting these young people.

Conferinţa de cercetare în construcţii, economia construcţiilor, urbanism şi amenajarea teritoriului. Rezumate ale lucrărilor

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Romanian / Publication Year: 2019

Includes abstracts of the papers presented in the research conference on constructions, economy of constructions, architecture, urbanism and territorial development