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Author(s): Grzegorz Grochowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Grochowski outlines the main characteristics of the transdisciplinary research field that focuses on spectral analysis and its intellectual assumptions. He presents interpretations of the spectre, a key category in this research field, as well as the main scholarly contexts in which it usually appears. Grochowski also discusses the field’s philosophical inspirations, its programmatic references to established intellectual traditions, as well as examples of concrete manifestations in the works of individual writers, which indicate the diversity of the field. Finally, he sketches out the areas in which similar approaches can find practical application and points out the general conditions of their evident popularity.

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POLITICAL ATMOSPHERE IN DORPAT IN EMIL KRAEPELIN’S PERIOD

Author(s): Erki Tammiksaar / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

The period the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926) spent in Dorpat (today Tartu) (1886–1891) had a great effect on his further career as a psychiatrist and psychologist and has been studied and written about in detail (Steinberg, Angermeyer 2001, Engstrom, Weber 2005, Engstrom, Engler 2015, Allik 2016, Engstrom 2016). Kraepelin described the life in Dorpat in his memoirs (Kraepelin 1987), where it follows that before going to Dorpat, he did not know that Germans were in a minority in the Baltic provinces of the Russian empire. Nor did he know anything about the local political atmosphere and what attitude to take towards it as a national of the German state. In 2003, a special book, “Emil Kraepelin in Dorpat, 1886–1891” (Burgmair, Engstrom, Hirschmüller, Weber, 2003), based on the sources available in the Estonian archives was published, which is a valuable addition to the personal memories of Kraepelin. However, it was very difficult for the authors of the book, historians of psychiatry, to estimate the role of Dorpat in the life of Kraepelin. The few Baltic German studies they used (Gernet 1902, Tobien 1930) and memoirs (Hoerschelmann 1926, Hueck-Dehio 1953) do not provide an objective picture of the tense situation in Dorpat on the eve of Russification, the more so that the subject of those sources was quite different. The aim of this article is to shed light on the political atmosphere surrounding Kraepelin in Dorpat and his reactions to it.

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Mięsne eros i tanatos. Motyw gnijącego ciała i brutalnego seksu w poezji JiřegoKaráska ze Lvovic

Author(s): Katarzyna Cupała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2014

The aim of this article is to present the lyric works by one of the most prominent Czech decadent poets, Jiří Karásek of Lvovice. The author of the study has concentrated on the way in which the poet was breaking taboo – for many years his poems were censored. One of the frequent motifs appearing in his creativity was rotting corpses. He also does not spare his readers descriptions of brutal sex, in which the bodies of the lovers are compared to meat torn apart into pieces by sexual intercourse. For the purpose of thorough analysis, the author has used concepts derived from psychoanalysis and philosophy.

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EMOTIONAL CONTENT EXTRACTION AND COMPETITION FOR ATTENTIONAL RESOURCES IN HUMAN VISUAL CORTEX

Author(s): Matthias M. Müller,Valeria Dmitriyevna Bekhtereva / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

In our visual environment, emotional stimuli play an important role. They provide pivotal information about potential danger or threat that trigger defensive actions, or, conversely, prompt approach behaviour when confronted with pleasant and appetitive stimuli. A long lasting debate revolves around the question as to whether emotional stimuli have the potential to attract attention involuntarily, and thus, bias attentional resources in their favour in order to gain preferential stimulus processing. Furthermore, it is not yet known to what extent that competition for processing resources relies on higher-order cognitive processes, such as the extraction of the emotional content of a certain image. In a series of four electrophysiological studies that we review here, we aimed to investigate to what degree attentional resource allocation towards emotional stimuli is linked to the higher-order process of emotional cue extraction. Our results strongly indicated that the speed at which emotional cue extraction can be performed influences the latency of the attentional resource bias in early visual cortex. Moreover, affective images are required to be displayed for sufficient time that allows for emotional content identification, in order to result in neural facilitation for emotional compared to neutral images in early visual areas of the human brain. The present findings open further insights into affective stimulus processing speed and highlight frequency tagging technique that allows extracting the so-called steady-state visual evoked potential as a powerful tool in investigating neural dynamics in visual cortex activity.

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BOŞANMIŞ ERKEKLERİN YAŞAMIŞ OLDUKLARI PSİKO-SOSYAL SORUNLAR

Author(s): Sefa Bulut,Samettin Gündüz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 32/2016

Divorce is considered as form a finalization of the family life. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review about divorced man’s psycho-social problems. One of the main problems appeared that divorced fathers have difficulties to see their children and maintain their relationships. The mothers, who has the custody of their children, hinders and cause problems in order to not show the children to their fathers. Even sometimes mothers moves out of the city to punish the fathers and stop the father-child relationship and communication. This cause a serious of multiple problems for fathers as well as children. By keeping the fathers away, the mothers also punishes their children. Thus, this may cause some serious social and psychological problems for children in the long term. Children who grow up in tense and aggressive environments tends to show behavioral and emotional problems. The same thing is also true for the fathers. Fathers are not immune of psychological problems. They also have to take the negative consequences of the divorce. They have to deal with the social stigma and psychological aftereffects of the divorce. On the other hand, on the contrary of the popular belief, the research showed that the father who has received the custody of their children, were also able to take care of their children and provide quality of life for their children as much as their mother or even better than them.

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OKULDA ZORBALIĞIN AKTÖRLERİ

Author(s): Ayşin Satan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 10/2011

The bullying which commonly exists in schools nowadays has been a threat for the emotional and physical security of the students.In this article, the bullying seen at schools is discussed.The aim is to raise the awareness of students, teachers, adminisrators and parents. Considering this fact, it is a litterateur working which depends on the concept of bullying,types of it,the relation of bullying with the age and sex,the circle of bullying,how the bullying is evaluated by the administrator and teacher,the relationships of both bully and victims with their families and some thinkings deterring the bullying at schools.

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Prezentacja „Prezentacji”

Author(s): Tomasz Swoboda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2016

Gilles Deleuze believed that Sacher-Masoch had a unique role to play. He recognized Sacher-Masoch as a great writer while masochism was for him a particularly important psychosocial feature of modernity – much more complex than a simple opposite of sadism. Reenacting and exposing his symbolic castration, the masochist subverts the traditional version of cultural identity since he shows that it comes from the Other and the Other gives it meaning. The essay places Deleuze reading Sacher-Masoch in the context of the literature of transgression and the twentieth-century changes in the understanding of masochism and human sexuality in general.

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Motywy masochistyczne w prozie i rysunkach Brunona Schulza

Author(s): Henry Węgrocki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2016

The article by Doctor Henry Joseph Wegrocki was published for the first time inPsychoanalytic Review in 1946. It is a psychiatric analysis of masochistic motives thatare present in the short stories and drawings by Bruno Schulz. In the text, one candiscover a rough pencil sketch of a droshky drawn especially for Wegrocki and an excerptfrom Schulz’s letter, in which he writes explanatory comments upon his creativeness and perversion. The paper presents the Polish translation of the text.

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Prezentacja Sacher-Masocha

Author(s): Gilles Deleuze / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2016

First polish translation of classic essay by Gilles Deleuze.

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„Mruży oczy noc ormiańska” – wokół metafory ikonicznego losu w poezji Jerzego Ficowskiego

Author(s): Daria Nowicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

In his work, Jerzy Ficowski – the author of “Odczytanie popiołów”, “Ptak poza ptakiem”, “Demony cudzego strachu” and “Czekanie na sen psa” – concentrates on the borderland in its broad sprectrum. “Tryptyk bizantyjski” – the subject of this study – is a piece in which the author emphasises the need for memory and emphatic writing, which is especially visible in its third part, devoted to Armenian memory. Being a reminder of the tragic history of the forgotten nation, the poem is simultaneously a cry for literary presence and audibility. This cultural, historical and literary borderland, significant in Ficowski’s poetry, appears also in the gesture of rewriting an icon and in the creation of oxymoronic poetry.

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Proces adaptacji jednostki do rzeczywistości wirtualnej i środowiska 3D

Author(s): Marcin Koziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2016

This paper is an attempt to systematize important factors in achieving immersion and psychological presence in virtual reality. The author is trying to build a theoretical model of adaptation to VR. From the psychological point of view introduces adaptation concept and other ideas like: temporal markers, the importance of randomness in VR environment, or “emotional triggers”.

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Pojam identiteta i njegov odnos prema društvenom poretku u knjigama za samopomoć

Author(s): Iva Žurić Jakovina,Trpimir Jakovina / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2016

This paper focuses on an underresearched topic of the notion of identity and its relation to social order in self-help books. First, the theoretical backgrounds assumed to have influenced the notion of identity in self-help books were analysed. Identity as represented in self-help books can be changed, improved, discovered, strengthened and achieved. It is deficient, and self-help books attempt to compensate for that lack through the processes of self-realisation referred to as “tools for achieving happiness”. Along with the relationship between self-help books and identity at the individual level, another specific topic of the paper is the relation of identity in self-help book to society and social order. Sociological and cultural-critical approach was used to analyse possible contribution that self-help books might make to social change. More specifically, it was analysed whether identity advocated in self-help books can empower individuals for active social participation. Two dominant perspectives in cultural, critical and sociological analyses of self-help books were used to that aim. One claims that striving for individual happiness promoted in self-help books is only maintaining the status quo, while the other one suggests that self-help books can act as catalysts of social change. That is explained by the notion that change at the individual level leads to change in the broader social space. The authors concluded that identities are constantly in the process of transformation, which allows a simultaneous existence of subordination to social order and resistance to it.

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ROZUM I WYOBRAŹNIA W LA PSYCHANALYSE DU FEU GASTONA BACHELARDA

Author(s): Marta Ples-Bęben / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2016

The aim of the article is to analyse the relation between the mind and imagination as the main issue of Gaston Bachelard’s book The Psychoanalysis of Fire. The book was published in 1938 and originated Bachelard’s research on the poetic imagination; however, it extended the research into another project of this French philosopher which he refers to as psychoanalysis of objective cognition. That is why The Psychoanalysis of Fire is a unique book among Bachelard’s achievements – two subjects of the research are connected there: scientific cognition and poetic imagination, which in the further years of Bachelard’s activity are separated. In the context of the article’s main aim, there appears also an interesting theme of psychoanalytic inspiration, introduced by Bachelard to his philosophy in two of his works published in 1938, one of which is The Psychoanalysis of Fire itself.

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PROBLEM ODNIESIENIA OBRAZÓW HALUCYNACYJNYCH POJAWIAJĄCYCH SIĘ W KONTEKŚCIE DOSWIADCZEŃ DUCHOWYCH

Author(s): Szymon Nowak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35B/2016

The goal of this article is to discuss a theory of reference for hallucinatory experiences. Firstly, my paper will be concerned with the theory of perception underlying common definition of hallucination. Secondly, I will present three main theories of reference for experiences given in different kinds of altered states of consciousness. These three theories are: neuroscientific, supranaturalistic and psychoanalytical. Consecutively I will present arguments for maintaining that classical theories are examples of semiotic reductionism. In the main part of this paper I will present an anti-reductionist framework for a reference of hallucinatory experience, based on a phenomenological analysis of particular kind of experience not caused by external stimulus, that is, mystical experience. This anti-reductionistic theory will claim that a proper reference of certain kinds of altered states of consciousness is a true symbol.

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Głód autentyzmu

Author(s): Marian Golka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The article deals with the question of how authenticity should be defined and looked for. The search for authenticity is visible in various spheres of life, but especially in tourism. The present analysis is rather theoretical than empirical, and contains two theses. According to the first one it is very difficult to discern the meaning of authenticity which is denied by untruth, lies, hypocrisy, pretentiousness, falsity, insincerity, artificiality, forging and faking. Nowadays, a lot of artefacts of culture are just like that: superficial and not authentic enough. According to the other thesis the search for authenticity is being carried out in the times that have hardly anything to do with authenticity; that is to say, in modern times the world is faked and completely artificial.

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Türkiye’de Psikanalitik Folklorun Öncüsü: Seyfi Karabaş

Author(s): Serpil Aygün Cengiz,Aysun Ezgi Bülbül,Sevinç Gülçiçek / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 80/2014

Seyfi Karabaş who studied on literature of English, French and Turkish comparatively, was interested in folklore when studying on his doctoral thesis titled Structure and Function in the Dede Korkut Narratives. He published some books and many articles on folklore when he was teaching English literature courses at the Department of Foreign Language Education in Middle East Technical University after he returned from United States of America. Seyfi Karabaş was the pioneer of psychoanalytic folklore in Türkiye with his works Bütüncül Türk Budunbilimine Doğru (1981) and Dede Korkut’ta Renkler (1996) in which Dede Korkut stories, traditional Turkish quatrains and folk songs were studied through structuralist method and analysed by psychoanalytic theory. This article tries to achieve two goals: the first one is to understand Karabaş’ personality which affects his academic performance with interviewing his fourteen colleagues and students; and the second one is to examine his books as initiating psychoanalitic approach in folklore studies in Türkiye.

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ADVERTISING EMAILS OPTIMISATION BY EYTRACKING TECHNOLOGY

Author(s): Radovan Madleňák,Eva Kianičková / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2/2016

Today’s marketing image is more dynamic and many times more interesting design-wise than it was in the past. Internet and new information-communication technologies have radically changed the original marketing image. We encounter implementation of marketing activities on a daily basis in various forms, e.g. when browsing webpages and opening own email inbox. Scientific studies in the field of neuromarketing show that the consumer doesn’t perceive exactly the same values the vendors are offering them and they sell using marketing activities. The human brain evaluates how the offer and communication corresponds with their existing expectations. Neuroscience offers an ever improving idea on how the human brain works during the buying process. By mapping active areas of the brain it is possible to discover what will convince the buyer to buy. This article deals with using the neuromarketing method of eye tracking for optimization of ad e-mails. Based on experimental testing the article characterizes the drives of the recipients for opening ad emails and subsequently identifies partial segments of the ad email as well as proposals for their optimisation.

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Filozofsko promišljanje sadomazohizma

Author(s): Iva Šokičić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03+04/2014

Sadomasochism is an essential sexually – social phenomen which requires a philosophical analysis of its psychology and praxis and the aim is to approach sadomasochistic sexuality in terms of social philosophy and psychoanalysis. The paper commences with an explanation of its historical development and continues with contemporary theories of power relations and an interpretation of domination and submission as identities. After the introduction into the basic terminology, most of the attention will be focused on the kinds of BDSM relations and positions and relations between inviduals within the S/M dynamics. Since sadomasochism is far more than a sexuality, it shall be emphasized that it is both physically and psychically (pre)conditioned, and refer to the various ways it is possible to conceptually understand and categorize it. Therefore, the conclusion will present essential connections of sexuality and society, the physical and the psychical of the practitioners of this sexuality and finally the difference of experiencing sadomasochism on the BDSM scene and in the context of the contemporary society.

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Ангелът, джуджето и робът, или детето в литературата

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Ангелът, джуджето и робът, или детето в литературата

Author(s): Françoise Dolto / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2016

The essay is part of Dolto’s major work La Cause des enfants. It is an overview of the way children are represented in western European literature from a psychoanalytical point of view – from Rabelais, through Mark Twain and Tom Hardy to José Mauro de Vasconcelos. Françoise Dolto makes striking observations on issues of paramount importance to the ‘children’s cause’.

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Szaleństwo w kulturze popularnej

Author(s): Jacek Skorupski-Cymbaluk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2017

Teza: Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i analiza sposobów przedstawienia zjawiska szaleństwa w kulturze popularnej.Omówione koncepcje: Wyróżniłem dwa częste sposoby obrazowania szaleństwa w dziełach kultury popularnej: rozumienia szaleństwa jako niedopasowanie społeczne oraz wykluczenie społeczne. Zasygnalizowałem, że gry komputerowe są i powinny być ważnym celem badań. Oprócz tego dokonuję rozróżnienia terminów „chory psychicznie” i „szalony”.Wnioski: Nie istnieją oczywiste kryteria, pozwalające na scharakteryzowanie czym jest motyw szaleństwa w popkulturze, mimo to da się wyodrębnić najczęstsze sposoby przedstawiania tego zjawiska. Gry to medium prężnie rozwijające się, w którym tematyka szaleństwa jest silnie obecna.

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