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Askeri Darbe Algı, Bilgi ve Tutum Ölçeği (Adabtö) Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Author(s): Sevda Gülsah Yildirim,Eren Yürüdür / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2017

The aim of this study is to develop a measurement tool to elicit adult perceptions of the impacts and consequences of military coups, their knowledge on the causes of interventions, and attitudes towards military coups in general. This measurement tool called Military Coup Perception, Knowledge and Attitude Scale consists of three basic parts. In the first part, there are 27 items under the heading 'Expressions on the effects and consequences of military coups', 32 items under the heading 'Knowledge on the causes of military coups' in the second part and 23 items under the heading 'General attitudes towards military coups' it consists. The measurement tool is prepared with Likert scale of 5 (5-Totally agree, 4- Agree, 3- Neither agree nor disagree, 2-Disagree, 1-Completely Disagree). An internal consistency coefficient analysis was carried out to determine the reliability of the current study. It was found that Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for effects and consequences is .664; for knowledge of reasons is .893; and for general attitudes is .860. As a result, it was observed that psychometric features of our scale is within acceptable limits.

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Autoritarna ličnost: Psihoanaliza antisemitizma i predrasuda

Author(s): Bojan Todosijevic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2008

The Authoritarian Personality is one of the most influential studies in social psychology, yet it has been subjected to different, often contradictory interpretations. This paper argues that the most important element of the authoritarian personality theory is the analysis of the psychological functionality of prejudice. Using psychoanalytic conceptual tools, the authors described the psychological logic behind apparently contradictory prejudices, and the function of prejudice in personal psychological ‘economy’. In this way, Adorno et al. ‘psychoanalyzed’ both prejudice and the prejudiced. The first part of the paper presents the original research, with the particular focus on the less familiar aspects. The second part reviews the reactions to the Authoritarian Personality, and analyzes some of the better known criticisms and objections. The paper ends with the review of recent research trends inspired by Adorno et al.’s theory.

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Aveti kauzalnosti

Author(s): Ivana Seletkovic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 21/2015

Čemu i kako težiti? Kako afirmirati sebe bez težnje i što je težnja? Je li ona oblik neke demencije, ludila koje je oformljeno i ukorijenjeno u nama, mozgu, u obliku atavizma, ili sjećanja ili energije koju nam majka impulsima vlastitog tijela ugrađuje onda kada još ne bijaše misao o nama/tebi kao o osobi; kada smo želje u formi nedefiniranog bića ili odbojni, nepoznati, strani-objekti; viškovi?

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Aнтропология на престъплението

Author(s): Jacinto Choza / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2016

The present paper investigates the following topics: 1 – Sources of crime’s Anthropology; 2 – Killing to survive; 3 – Essence of the Crime; 4 – The criminal Mind; 5 – Absolution of the homicide and the abolition of the death penalty.

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BAZI PSİKANALİSTLERE GÖRE RÜYANIN İNSAN HAYATINDAKİ ROLÜ

Author(s): Abdulvahit Imamoglu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 22/2010

Dreams have always been a psychological phenomenon in human life. Dreams are human expressions that reflect the inner world through its own particular symbol and explanation. In addition, dreams have explicitly given direction to individuals from time to time in daily life or indirectly have had an effect on people. In this study, we have evaluated the effects dreams have on the inner world and the reflection it has on the outer world for people according to the views of psychoanalysts.

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BETWEEN ‘THE PRESENT SELF’ AND ‘THE SELF TO BE’

Author(s): Anamaria Dobrescu (Popa) / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2017

This study contains interpretations of the existential conflict in Edith Wharton’s novel The Age of Innocence. It is an important conflict in the book, as it includes all the others: the social, moral, erotic, psychological, of mentality and the internal conflict. It also reflects the significance of the title. All three main characters represent different ‘ages’ and stages in the evolution of human conscience and in society. The male character is in-between two ‘(st)ages’, therefore he can be considered an exponential one. ‘The Journey’, ‘the Gorgon’ and ‘the Light’ are archetypal symbols that lead the reader to a deeper level of knowledge.

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Bilinçaltı Direksiyona Geçtiğinde - Gerilim Sinemasında Psikanalitik Alt Metinler: Duel Örneği

Author(s): Volkan Erol / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 3/2017

Fear, an inseparable part of humanity, manifests itself in art and literature as a reflection of subconscious, also occupies cinema since its beginning. Images that reflected from gigantic screens in the darkness of movie theaters, manage to revive collective fears simultaneously unlike any other medium. Horror, thriller and suspense films, which use subconscious fears as a source and more often than not, prefer to use metaphors while narrate them, prepare the ground for psychoanalytic film analysis, also in time, more and more directors tend to use psychoanalysis in their films. Especially Alfred Hitchcock, master of suspense, known for his use of Freudian subtexts. Steven Spielberg is one of the most important directors who is influenced by Hitchcock.In this paper, Duel, directed by Steven Spielberg in 1971, will be studied; conventions and codes of thriller movies will be analyzed along with a psychoanalytic reading. Correlation between its narration and subtext and their consistency will be examined.

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Book Review: “The Age of Perversion: Desire and Technology in Psychoanalysis and Culture”

Author(s): Jacob Johanssen / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2017

The review of: “The Age of Perversion: Desire and Technology in Psychoanalysis and Culture” by Danielle Knafo and Rocco Lo Bosco; London: Routledge, 2017.

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Borderline Knowing: (Re)Valuing Borderline Personality Disorder as (Counter) Knowledge

Author(s): Sarah Redikopp / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2018

This article explores Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) as an epistemic standpoint defiant of dominant Western knowledge frameworks, which are (supposedly) rational, objective and linear. I engage with feminist, critical psychiatry and Mad critiques of BPD as a medicalization of trauma and ameliorate these critiques by engaging BPD as both a psychiatric diagnosis and as a (non-pathological) response to traumatic experiences. I conceptualize the ‘borderline standpoint’ as a subversive epistemology and examine the capacity of queer-crip temporalities to meaningfully engage with the borderline standpoint, arguing that a framework of queer time is useful insofar as trauma (and borderline knowing) are necessarily nonlinear. Ultimately, I employ concepts of queer-crip time, including the works of Alison Kafer and Elizabeth Freeman, to open new avenues of engagement with the ‘ugly’ affect of borderline and to embark on a maddening epistemological project.

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Carlo Gustavo Jungo Meninės Kūrybos Interpretacija

Author(s): Vaida Asakaviciute / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 63/2010

In the article peculiar Carl Gustav Jung’s approach towards the artist, his artistic potential, the role of unconsciousness in the process of creative work, the nature of the work of art as well as basic psychoanalytical principles of the interpretation of the work of art, formulated by the founder of “analytical psychology”, are analyzed. The novelty and actuality of Jung’s psychoanalytical rules are revealed; the relation of his concept of creative work with the concepts of the supporters of non-classical philosophy tradition and Sigmund Freud, the initiator of psycho-analysis, is concisely exposed. The main attention is paid to the originality of Jung’s methodological rules of the analysis of art, discussion of the role of collective unconscious in the process of creative work, attitude towards the artistic subject as the theory of a forerunner and as a refresher of archetypes. In the end of the article the author concisely discusses the meaning of art and work of art both to its author and the consumer of art.

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Characteristics of Self-Identified Sexual Addicts in a Behavioral Addiction Outpatient Clinic

Author(s): Aline Wéry,Kim Vogelaere,Gaélle Challet-Bouju,François-Xavier Poudat,Julie Caillon,Delphine Lever,Joël Billieux,Marie Grall-Bronnec / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

Research on sexual addiction flourished during the last decade, promoted by the development of an increased number of online sexual activities. Despite the accumulation of studies, however, evidence collected in clinical samples of treatment-seeking people remains scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics (socio-demographics, sexual habits, and comorbidities) of self-identified “sexual addicts.” Methods: The sample was composed of 72 patients who consulted an outpatient treatment center regarding their sexual behaviors. Data were collected through a combination of structured interviewing and self-report measures. Results: Most patients were males (94.4%) aged 20–76 years (mean 40.3 ± 10.9). Endorsement of sexual addiction diagnosis varied from 56.9% to 95.8% depending on the criteria used. The sexual behaviors reported to have the highest degree of functional impairment were having multiple sexual partners (56%), having unprotected sexual intercourse (51.9%), and using cybersex (43.6%). Ninety percent of patients endorsed a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, and 60.6% presented at least one paraphilia. Conclusions: Results showed highly different profiles in terms of sexual preferences and behaviors, as well as comorbidities involved. These findings highlight the need to develop tailored psychotherapeutic interventions by taking into account the complexity and heterogeneity of the disorder.

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Cognitive Distortions and ADHD in Pathological Gambling: A National Longitudinal Case-Control Cohort Study

Author(s): Lucia Romo,Cindy Legauffre,Alice Guilleux,Marc Valleur,David Magalon,Mélina Fatséas,Isabelle Chéreau-Boudet,Amandine Luquiens,Jean-Luc Vénisse,Jeu Group,Marie Grall-Bronnec,Gaélle Challet-Bouju / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

The primary outcome of our study was to assess the links between the level of cognitive distortions and the severity of gambling disorder. We also aimed at assessing the links between patient gambling trajectories and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Materials and methods: The study population (n = 628) was comprised of problem and non-problem gamblers of both sexes between 18 and 65 years of age, who reported gambling on at least one occasion during the previous year. Data encompassed socio-demographic characteristics, gambling habits, the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Survey – 23, the Wender Utah Rating Scale – Child, and the Adult ADHD Self-report Scale. Results: The cognitive distortions with the greatest correlation to the severity of gambling disorder were the “Chasing” and “Emotions.” These two dimensions were able to distinguish between problem gamblers seeking treatment or not. While age of onset of gambling and length of gambling practice were not associated with the level of distorted cognitions, a period of abstinence of at least 1 month was associated with a lower level of distorted cognitions. The presence of ADHD resulted in a higher level of distorted cognitions. Conclusion: Cognitive work is essential to the prevention, and the treatment, of pathological gambling, especially with respect to emotional biases and chasing behavior. The instauration of an abstinence period of at least 1 month under medical supervision could be a promising therapeutic lead for reducing gambling-related erroneous thoughts and for improving care strategies of pathological gamblers.

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Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research

Author(s): Marcantonio M. Spada / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

This commentary considers a recent article on how the proliferating use of atheoretical, confirmatory and diagnosis driven research approaches is resulting in the over-identification of behavioral addictions. In response to the original article, I reflect on the timeliness and value of its observations and expand on a central point it raises: The importance of thinking beyond diagnostic frameworks in developing a comprehensive understanding of addictive behaviors and associated treatments.

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Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research

Author(s): Alexander Blaszczynski / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

This commentary supports the argument that there is an increasing tendency to subsume a range of excessive daily behaviors under the rubric of non-substance related behavioral addictions. The concept of behavioral addictions gained momentum in the 1990s with the recent reclassification of pathological gambling as a non-substance behavioral addiction in DSM-5 accelerating this process. The propensity to label a host of normal behaviors carried out to excess as pathological based simply on phenomenological similarities to addictive disorders will ultimately undermine the credibility of behavioral addiction as a valid construct. From a scientific perspective, anecdotal observation followed by the subsequent modification of the wording of existing substance dependence diagnostic criteria, and then searching for biopsychosocial correlates to justify classifying an excessive behavior resulting in harm as an addiction falls far short of accepted taxonomic standards. The differentiation of normal from non-substance addictive behaviors ought to be grounded in sound conceptual, theoretical and empirical methodologies. There are other more parsimonious explanations accounting for such behaviors. Consideration needs to be given to excluding the possibility that excessive behaviors are due to situational environmental/social factors, or symptomatic of an existing affective disorder such as depression or personality traits characteristic of cluster B personalities (namely, impulsivity) rather than the advocating for the establishment of new disorders.

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Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. Defining and classifying non-substance or behavioral addictions

Author(s): Marc N. Potenza / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

Multiple controversies exist currently in the field of behavioral addictions. The opinion article by Billieux, Schimmenti, Khazaal, Maurage and Heeren (2015) proposes an approach to considering which behaviors might be considered as foci for addictions. The article raises multiple important points that foster further dialog and highlight the need for additional research. Given that how specific behaviors are considered from diagnostic and classification perspectives holds significant public health implications, targeting and eliminating current knowledge gaps relating to behavioral addictions is an important undertaking.

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Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. Excessive behaviors are not necessarily addictive behaviors

Author(s): Chih-Hung Ko,Ju-Yu Yen / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

The commentary aims to provide clarity to the article “Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research.” Methods: We provide another viewpoint for the important issues of behavior addiction. Result: The course of behavior addiction should be further studied. The criteria of withdrawal and tolerance of behavior addiction are ill-defined and need to be further evaluated. Conclusions: The etiology, course, presentation, and functional impairment of behavior addiction should be validated by evidence based data before being defined as a disorder.

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Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. Problems with atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches in the study of behavioral addictions

Author(s): Daniel Kardefelt-Winther / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

This commentary is written in response to a paper by Billieux, Schimmenti, Khazaal, Maurage and Hereen (2015) published in the Journal of Behavioral Addictions. Methods: It supports and extends the arguments by Billieux, Schimmenti et al. (2015): that the study of behavioral addictions too often rests on atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches. This tends to lead to theories that lack specificity and a neglect of the underlying processes that might explain why repetitive problem behaviors occur. Results: In this commentary I extend the arguments by Billieux, Schimmenti et al. (2015) and argue that such research approaches might take us further away from conceptualizing psychiatric diagnoses that can be properly validated, which is already a problem in the field. Furthermore, I discuss whether the empirical support for conceptualizing repetitive problem behaviors as addictions might rest on research practices that have been methodologically biased to produce a result congruent with the proposal that substance addictions and behavioral addictions share similar traits. Conclusions: I conclude by presenting a number of ways of going forward, chief of which is the proposal that we might wish to go beyond a priori assumptions of addiction in favor of identifying the essential problem manifestations for each new potential behavioral addiction.

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Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. The diagnostic pitfalls of surveys: If you score positive on a test of addiction, you still have a good chance not to be addicted

Author(s): Anikó Maráz,Orsolya Király,Zsolt Demetrovics / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

Survey-based studies often fail to take into account the predictive value of a test, in other words, the probability of a person having (or not having) the disease when scoring positive (or negative) on the given screening test. Methods: We re-visited the theory and basic calculations of diagnostic accuracy. Results: In general, the lower the prevalence the worse the predictive value is. When the disorder is relatively rare, a positive test finding is typically not useful in confirming its presence given the high proportion of false positive cases. For example, using the Compulsive Buying Scale (Faber & O’Guinn, 1992) three in four people classified as having compulsive buying disorder will in fact not have the disorder. Conclusions: Screening tests are limited to serve as an early detection “gate” and only clinical (interview-based) studies are suitable to claim that a certain behaviour is truly “pathological”.

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Connections between search for meaning and physical, mental and spiritual interaction. Kett's approach

Author(s): Marta Vicol,Mihaita Roca / Language(s): English / Issue: 21/2018

The current state of redefining the educational purposefulness determines the psycho-pedagogy in the Romanian space to build bridges towards already consolidated experiences in countries with a pedagogical tradition and to find the necessary criteria for pursuing the stimulation of the educational process.The tradition of the renowned Munich School and the need to adapt the educational process to the changing cultural context of the 1980s led Franz Kett to shape a form of education based on the search for meaning. Kett thus laid the foundations for a new pedagogy in which the focus on the positive attitude towards the gift of life and the reception of positive "to exist" and "to do" messages have the force of directing the creative energies of the child and of helping to discover the meaning of words, actions and meeting with peers, including the other. The example presented, „Mrs. Holle”, attempts to present the active and innovative valences of the Kett pedagogy and to confirm the need for the transfer of knowledge within the German cultural space.

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Conversations with Judith Butler: Proceedings from the Seminar “Crisis of the Subject,” held in Ohrid 11-14th May 2000

Author(s): Judith Butler,Katerina Kolozova,Žarko Trajanoski / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2007

The book contains the discussions and three of the papers (by Judith Butler, Katerina Kolozova, and Zarko Trajanoski) that were presented at the Seminar “Crisis of the Subject.” The transcripts are not authorized by Judith Butler.

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