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Integracyjna rola moralności

Integracyjna rola moralności

Author(s): Alojzy Drożdż / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (10)/2014

The content of this article is “integration in human morality”. The research presupposition is that man cannot fully develop and improve, and thus fully integrate, without a proper moral development. This starts with “discovering” own human identity and responsibility for themselves and others. Without this there can be no meaningful integration. From a moral point of view – morality determines the constant formation of human consciences in the truth. Socrates described it like “the ethos of the midwife”, because, as in birth, so in morality, a man could be replaced with anything else. Improvement of conscience in truth and according to truth shows us that the integration cannot be done “outside” of the moral life of man. And so – first we see the integration of people through the development of personal conscience. The moral and social integrate ethically in all family ties. We also speak rightly of integration through work ethics, professional morality of people through the media, etc. The most common manifestations of true moral life is the participation of the people in the culture and through culture. Similarly, like the culture, the morality is a matter of human vision of a man and therefore plays here and there a fundamental role. On this plane also draws the prospect of a positive impact on the culture by morality. The starting point of this integration is the recognition of the inalienable dignity as a person.

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Freud, Orzeszkowa i zimowe epifanie
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Freud, Orzeszkowa i zimowe epifanie

Author(s): Małgorzata Czermińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

Review: Melancholia i poznanie: ‘Autobiografie’ Elizy Orzeszkowej [Melancholia and Understanding: Eliza Orzeszkowa’s ‘Autobiographies’], ed. and introduction by Danuta Danek, photography by Krzysztof Hejke, Terra Nova, Warsaw 2014

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Terroryzm jest kobietą
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Terroryzm jest kobietą

Author(s): Paweł Dybel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

Review: Beata Łazarz, Płeć przerażającego: Wizerunki terrorystek w sztukach plastycznych [The Gender of That Which Terrifies: Images of Women Terrorists in the Visual Arts] Wyd. Instytut Sztuki Pan, Warsaw 2016

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Interpretacja jako kryptonimia, czyli Nicolasa Abrahama i Marii Torok czytanie podejrzliwe
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Interpretacja jako kryptonimia, czyli Nicolasa Abrahama i Marii Torok czytanie podejrzliwe

Author(s): Ireneusz Piekarski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

This article discusses the reading strategy known as ‘cryptonymy’ and possible ways in which it can be applied in literary studies. Piekarski presents the analysis of the Wolf Man’s case by Nicolas Abraham and Maria Torok – two psychoanalysts who pointed out new interpretive perspectives in both psychotherapy and in literary scholarship. The article outlines the advantages and risks associated with the cryptonymic mode of reading literary works.

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Gruparea intelectuală „Thesis”- o formă a extensiunii „localismului creator”

Gruparea intelectuală „Thesis”- o formă a extensiunii „localismului creator”

Author(s): Gheorghe Manolache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

Pendant les années 30 il y avait déjà une crise généralisée de la culture européenne moderne. Cʼest pourquoi Al. Dima propose lʼélaboration théorique dʼun prototype local dont la function culturelle obligatoire soit celle de courroie de transmission. Il sʼagit du concept de localisme créateur qui deviendra une réaction consolatrice par rapport au chaos culturel determiné par lʼimitation sans censure des formes occidentales marquées des idéologies contradictoires. Dans le premier numéro du bulletin édité par le groupement intellectuel Thesis, activant à Sibiu, au cours des années 1932 – 1933, ce sont les communication interdisciplinaires qui dominent, plaidant pour lʼassociation de lʼesthéthique à la biologie, la psychologie, la sociologie, la philosophie, la médecine etc. La formule du localisme créateur fonctionne comme validation de lʼauthenticité de beau roumain en tant que lieu géométrique unissant le typique (le local, le spécifique) et le caractéristique (lʼoriginalité esthétique) – repères dominants dans sa thèse de doctorat intitulée Le concept dʼart populaire (1938). Le spécifique national, hérité du romantisme, a été temporairement résuscité, en tant que nouvelle formule du tradionnalisme, par le groupement intellectuel Thesis de Sibiu. Ce qui particularise lʼidéologie de Thesis est la décantation de lʼélément originaire (natif), formatif (implicite ou explicite) régressif et la révendication du localisme créateur en tant que manifestation dʼun ensemble de traces nationales objectives („Eigenart”) que la nouvelle réalité littéraire des années 30 met énergiquement en évidence. Malheureusement, lʼobéissance à lʼIdée, à la Thèse, présentée de manière légère et souvent contradictoire dans les pages de la revue La Provence Littéraire, de lʼAnthologie THESIS et des deux bulletins édités par le groupement intellectuel Thesis ne sera pas confirmée par/dans lʼécriture littéraire de ses membres, préoccupés surtout par la (ré)traditionnalisation.

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Czas Apokalipsy jako nostalgia za prostotą przemocy

Czas Apokalipsy jako nostalgia za prostotą przemocy

Author(s): Maciej Kopyciński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2013

Frequently interpreted as a modernist movie, Apocalypse Now, breaks the rule of linear narra­tion for the sake of pageantry. The rejection of the realistic code of presentation keeps up with the anti­war message of the movie. In these terms, the journey into the heart of the jun­gle constitutes a metaphor of the journey in­ to the depth of human psyche. Nevertheless, completely different conclusions are drawn on the basis of the analysis involving the psycho­ analytical cinema theory by Slavoj Žižek. Then, Apocalypse Now appears as a work praising the archaic model of a warrior who is not famil­iar with mercy, but does not accept hypocrisy which rules in the modern army. Willard’s mis­sion of killing Kurtz allows him to overcome mental breakdown. Due to meeting the cruel colonel, Willard becomes a „fully constituted military subject”.

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Psychological meanings of femininity integration through experiential psychotherapeutic approach

Author(s): S. Mindu / Language(s): English Issue: 4-II/2010

Die Unvergleichlichkeit Sex-Rolle Identität im späteren Leben können die Entstehung von überschüssigem in einem der Pole der Männlichkeit und Weiblichkeit-unrechtmäßigen und neurotischen Übernahme von Rollen führen. Psychotherapeutische erfahrungreiche Ansatz, durch die Konzentration auf die Ausnutzung der inneren Welt des Menschen und ihr Bewusstsein entsperren und Neudefinition Verfügbarkeit, einen Rahmen für die Integration von Weiblichkeit, um emotionale Gleichgewicht wiederzufinden.

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Italo Sveo i psihoanaliza

Italo Sveo i psihoanaliza

Author(s): Mirza Mejdanija / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2015

Zeno's conscience is one of the most paradigmatic cases of Freud concepts 's influences in one novel, within the frame that goes beyond Italian literature, just to reach wider scene of 20th Century European culture. What actually unifies formal structure of the novel in one level, is definitely psychoanalysis, that Zeno went through aiming to be cured, without hiding its perplexity regarding treatment. Svevo was influenced by Freud as well as by other three psychoanalysts: Wilhem Stekel, one of the first Freud's followers, the one who suggested Wednesday meetings, Edoardo Weiss and Rene A. Spitz, who influenced Svevo in different important ways and whom he used to visit and got acquainted with. Apart from three aforementioned psychoanalysts, Freud had also influenced Svevo's novels in a remarkable way. Svevo had read psychoanalytic works for a long time and, exactly to psychoanalysis he dedicated more space in his novels, even though he was not keen to admit it later. However in the end of Zeno's conscience, Svevo denies psychoanalytic treatment, systematically explaining its foundings, depriving it of any values and twisting it. Zeno had completely arranged his own diseases within himself and, they completely provided him with temporary, partial balance, that seemed to him to be the health, after psychoanalysis.

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Începuturile scrisului feminin românesc în exil:Memoriile Elenei Văcărescu

Începuturile scrisului feminin românesc în exil:Memoriile Elenei Văcărescu

Author(s): Lucia-Luminița Ciucă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2013

En reconnaissant le manque de communication avec l’élitepolitique et culturelle de Roumanie, Elena Văcărescu, qui a été dorlotéependant son enfance par la reine Elizabeth Ière, est forcée de choisir l’exil,après 1893. Elle a imposé son nom et sa réputation sur la scène exigeante dela culture française. Les mémoires d’Elena Văcărescu présentent un intérêtparticulier parce que ses pages racontent des événements ou décrivent despersonnalités qu’elle a rencontrées: des écrivains, des artistes, des hommespolitiques et des diplomates. Bien que rédigés en français, la langue de sapatrie adoptive, ses mémoires expriment, d’un souvenir à l’autre, d’unportrait à l’autre, l’attachement presque pathétique pour son pays d’origine.Même si son oeuvre est l’une des réalisations les plus importantes du genre,elle est restée inconnue aux lecteurs de la Roumanie.

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A Preliminary Study of DBH (Encoding Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase) Genetic Variation and Neural Correlates of Emotional and Motivational Processing in Individuals with and without Pathological Gambling

A Preliminary Study of DBH (Encoding Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase) Genetic Variation and Neural Correlates of Emotional and Motivational Processing in Individuals with and without Pathological Gambling

Author(s): Bao-Zhu Yang,Iris M. Balodis,Cheryl M. Lacadie,Jiansong Xu,Marc N. Potenza / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Corticostriatal-limbic neurocircuitry, emotional and motivational processing, dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems and genetic factors have all been implicated in pathological gambling (PG). However, allelic variants of genes influencing dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitters have not been investigated with respect to the neural correlates of emotional and motivational states in PG. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) converts dopamine to norepinephrine; the T allele of a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1611115 (C-1021T) in the DBH gene is associated with less DBH activity and has been linked to emotional processes and addiction. Here, we investigate the influence of rs1611115 on the neural correlates of emotional and motivational processing in PG and healthy comparison (HC) participants. Methods: While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging, 18 PG and 25 HC participants, all European Americans, viewed gambling-, sad-, and cocaine-related videotapes. Analyses focused on brain activation differences related to DBH genotype (CC/T-carrier [i.e., CT and TT]) and condition (sad/gambling/cocaine). Results: CC participants demonstrated greater recruitment of corticostriatal-limbic regions, relative to T-carriers. DBH variants were also associated with altered corticostriatal-limbic activations across the different videotape conditions, and this association appeared to be driven by greater activation in CC participants relative to T-carriers during the sad condition. CC relative to T-carrier subjects also reported greater subjective sadness to the sad videotapes. Conclusions: Individual differences in genetic composition linked to aminergic function contribute significantly to emotional regulation across diagnostic groups and warrant further investigation in PG.

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Physiological Markers of Biased Decision-Making in Problematic Internet Users

Physiological Markers of Biased Decision-Making in Problematic Internet Users

Author(s): Maria Nikolaidou,Danaë Stanton Fraser,Neal Hinvest / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Addiction has been reliably associated with biased emotional reactions to risky choices. Problematic Internet use (PIU) is a relatively new concept and its classification as an addiction is debated. Implicit emotional responses were measured in individuals expressing nonproblematic and problematic Internet behaviors while they made risky/ambiguous decisions to explore whether they showed similar responses to those found in agreed-upon addictions. Methods: The design of the study was cross sectional. Participants were adult Internet users (N = 72). All testing took place in the Psychophysics Laboratory at the University of Bath, UK. Participants were given the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) which provides an index of an individual’s ability to process and learn probabilities of reward and loss. Integration of emotions into current decision-making frameworks is vital for optimal performance on the IGT and thus, skin conductance responses (SCRs) to reward, punishment, and in anticipation of both were measured to assess emotional function. Results: Performance on the IGT did not differ between the groups of Internet users. However, problematic Internet users expressed increased sensitivity to punishment as revealed by stronger SCRs to trials with higher punishment magnitude. Discussion and conclusions: PIU seems to differ on behavioral and physiological levels with other addictions. However, our data imply that problematic Internet users were more risk-sensitive, which is a suggestion that needs to be incorporated into in any measure and, potentially, any intervention for PIU.

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Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. The diagnostic pitfalls of surveys: If you score positive on a test of addiction, you still have a good chance not to be addicted

Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. The diagnostic pitfalls of surveys: If you score positive on a test of addiction, you still have a good chance not to be addicted

Author(s): Anikó Maráz,Orsolya Király,Zsolt Demetrovics / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

Survey-based studies often fail to take into account the predictive value of a test, in other words, the probability of a person having (or not having) the disease when scoring positive (or negative) on the given screening test. Methods: We re-visited the theory and basic calculations of diagnostic accuracy. Results: In general, the lower the prevalence the worse the predictive value is. When the disorder is relatively rare, a positive test finding is typically not useful in confirming its presence given the high proportion of false positive cases. For example, using the Compulsive Buying Scale (Faber & O’Guinn, 1992) three in four people classified as having compulsive buying disorder will in fact not have the disorder. Conclusions: Screening tests are limited to serve as an early detection “gate” and only clinical (interview-based) studies are suitable to claim that a certain behaviour is truly “pathological”.

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‘Wanting’ and ‘liking’ skin picking: A validation of the Skin Picking Reward Scale

‘Wanting’ and ‘liking’ skin picking: A validation of the Skin Picking Reward Scale

Author(s): Ivar Snorrason,Ragnar P. Olafsson,David C. Houghton,Douglas W. Woods,Han-Joo Lee / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder (SPD) is often conceptualized as a behavioral addiction in which aberrant reward processing may play an important role. The current study sought to develop a self-report instrument – the Skin Picking Reward Scale (SPRS) – that measures how strongly skin picking is ‘liked’ (i.e., the degree of pleasurable feelings while receiving the reward) and ‘wanted’ (i.e., the degree of the motivation to seek the reward). Methods: We administered the SPRS to individuals who endorsed excessive skin picking in online surveys and examined the scale’s factor structure (Studies 1 and 2). We then asked individuals with documented pathological skin picking to complete the SPRS and other relevant questionnaires on two occasions one week apart (Study 3). Results: Exploratory (Study 1; n = 330) and confirmatory (Study 2; n = 144) factor analyses consistently supported a two-factor structure reflecting the ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ constructs. Results from Study 3 (N = 36) indicated that the Wanting and the Liking scales had adequate internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Additionally, consistent with predictions, the Wanting scale, but not the Liking scale, was associated with picking urges the following week, greater cue-reactivity, and more picking-related routines/habits. Discussion: These initial findings suggest that SPRS is a psychometrically sound measure of ‘wanting’ and ‘liking’ in pathological skin picking. The SPRS may facilitate research on reward processing anomalies in SPD and serve as a useful clinical instrument (e.g., to identify those at risk for cue-induced relapse).

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Zaburzenia depresyjne jako przyczyna niezdolności konsensualnej do zawarcia małżeństwa

Zaburzenia depresyjne jako przyczyna niezdolności konsensualnej do zawarcia małżeństwa

Author(s): Grzegorz Leszczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

Taking up the issue of depression as a cause for declaring a marriage null and voit, the author begins his reflections with a look at psychosis. From the point of view of marriage validity, of special significance is also the analysis of depresion with very particular medical aspects. The cause of nullity of a marriage discussed here, in turn, requires a rather precise definition of depression and the factors by which it may be triggered. The last part of the author’s reflections is devoted to the analysis of canon 1095 of the Code of Canon Law, especially to the definition of cases when this depression is serious enough to exclude marriage validity.

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Zachowania samobójcze nieletnich – ocena zagrożenia, oddziaływanie terapeutyczne

Zachowania samobójcze nieletnich – ocena zagrożenia, oddziaływanie terapeutyczne

Author(s): Waldemar Woźniak,Waldemar Piekarski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

According to the data from the World Health Organisation (Pużyński S., 2000), over 1300 people in the world are killed every day as a result of attempted suicides. The number of suicidal attempts is probably about fifteen times higher. There are two dominating motives of suicidal behaviours – a death wish and a wish of affecting the surrounding community. Inventories for suicide risk assessment are of particular use in diagnostic and therapeutic work. With reference to Frankl’s therapeutic approach, one ought to underline an important role of shaping and developing interests in the suicide prophylactics and in psychocorrection as well. The interests are of both cognitive as well as, what is particularly important, of affective character.

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Русалка да те „избъхта“, караконджор да те „възседне“. За някои аспекти на болестните персонификации през Русалската седмица и Мръсните дни
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Русалка да те „избъхта“, караконджор да те „възседне“. За някои аспекти на болестните персонификации през Русалската седмица и Мръсните дни

Author(s): Mihaela Videnova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The article is an analytical psychological and anthropological analysis of the Bulgarian demonological characters rusalki [Sg rusalka] and karakondzori [Sg karakondzor] as personifications of illnesses during Rusalska week [the week before Pentecost] and the so-called Dirty days [the days between Christmas and St. John the Baptist’s Day] in the traditional Bulgarian calendar. The author studies the most important beliefs connected to these two calendar periods staying in close relation to the mythological creatures of the rusalka and the karakondzor in the traditional Bulgarian culture as well as to the illnesses that these creatures are believed to bring. The author also offers an analytical and psychological interpretation of the beliefs connected to illnesses in parallel with the concepts of psychic unconscious, psychic individuation, psychic archetype, psychic introjection and personification, “soul loss” (obsession by an autonomous psychic complex and psychoticism), etc.

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Pojęcie poczytalności w prawie karnym Kościoła

Pojęcie poczytalności w prawie karnym Kościoła

Author(s): Grzegorz Leszczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2003

Imputability being a subjective element of the crime is defined as the quality of the human act, for which the person who performs it can be declared free and responsible author of their actions. The legal imputability assumes the existence of the human and also moral. The sources of imputability are fraud and guilt. It is bound to the established by a law or a precept, who deliberately violated the law or precept. This means that although the sources of imputability are two, the law in force requires imputability for fraud to incur the penalty, and does not consider imputability to be sufficient, unless it is provided for by law. It is important to underline that in the penal law of the Church, placed the external violation, imputability is presumed, unless it proves otherwise.

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Niedojrzałość emocjonalna jako motyw stwierdzenia nieważności małżeństwa

Niedojrzałość emocjonalna jako motyw stwierdzenia nieważności małżeństwa

Author(s): Grzegorz Leszczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/1997

Emotional immaturity as a cause (defined by canon 1095 of the Code of Canon Law) of the mental incapacity of the subject to express marital consent in a valid way is one of the most controversial and at the same time in the field of matrimonial law. In our study, based on the notion of emotional immaturity elaborated by psychology and Roman jurisprudence, attempts to define the destructive influence of this immaturity on the personality of man and, above all, on his freedom to decide . This maturity would not make it possible to know the subject of the marital consent nor to judge the arguments "for" and "against" the marriage; it can finally reduce the free will of man in this way that he would not be able to make the rational and mature decision, and even if he took it, his emotional immaturity would render him incapable of achieving that goal. This emotional immaturity is envisioned in the coteste "gravis defectus discretionis iudicii" (emphasis is placed here on the lack of the subject's internal freedom) and on "incapacitas assumendi obligationes matrimonii essentiales". It is the character of this immaturity that is most important. As Pope John Paul II points out, it must be clearly distinguishable from a simple difficulty that a subject can manifest in his interpersonal relationships. It must be the real incapacity of a subject to create "consortium totus vitae" that is marriage in all its complexity and fullness.

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Metaphor and Metonymy in Ancient Dream Interpretation: The Case of Islamic-Iranian Culture

Author(s): Rahman Veisi Hasar / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

This paper aims to investigate the relevance of metaphor and metonymy to ancient dream interpretation in Islamic-Iranian culture. To this end, a most-referenced book of dream interpretation is analysed according to the conceptual metaphor theory. The results show that metaphor and metonymy play an important role in this ancient discourse. The metaphorical dream is based either on a resemblance between the dream as the source domain and its interpretation as the target domain, or on some symbolic metaphors arising from cultural conventions. The metonymic dream is formed by a contiguous relationship between the dream as the vehicle entity and its interpretation as the target entity. Concerning metaphorical dream interpretation, it can be argued that the overt content of the dream is mapped onto the latent content by resemblance or cultural convention. As regards metonymic dream interpretation, it can be said that the overt content of the dream is mapped onto the latent content by a conceptual metonymy based on socio-physical context. In addition, there are two other procedures of dream interpretation based on realistic representation and the technique of reversion. These cases do not apply figurative devices like metaphor and metonymy. Also, the dreamer’s personal knowledge of his or her life does not play a significant role in the discourse of dream interpretation in Islamic-Iranian culture.

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Анатол Анчев. Архетипът на Ковача. Плевен: Леге Артис, 2016
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Анатол Анчев. Архетипът на Ковача. Плевен: Леге Артис, 2016

Author(s): Ana Luleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

Book review

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