Recenzja: Psychologia sądowa
The review of: Jacek Szostak, Psychologia sądowa, Wyższa Szkoła Handlu i Prawa im. Ryszarda Łazarskiego, Warszawa 2002, ss. 210.
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The review of: Jacek Szostak, Psychologia sądowa, Wyższa Szkoła Handlu i Prawa im. Ryszarda Łazarskiego, Warszawa 2002, ss. 210.
More...
A suicide is undoubtedly a problem which is affecting more and more people year by year. This is confirmed by statistical data. As a result, a family, church and society have a very important task to perform to contribute to decreasing the number of suicides and help people after unsuccessful suicide attempts. In particular, it is the role of the family and the problem of suicide since it is the family where the human shapes his or her attitudes which influence later life. Also, Church and society must get involved with assistance to solve this problem. An indifferent approach towards another man and his problems must be replaced with care and interest.
More...
The aim of the present study is to conduct the validity and reliability study of Suicide Cognitions Scale which is developed to measure cognitions with regard to suicide. The sample of the study consisted of 293 university students (136 males and 157 females) aged between 18 and 28 years. In line with the study purposes, participants were asked to complete Suicide Cognitions Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Suicide Probability Scale. Two-factor and three-factor structure of the scale was tested through confirmatory factor analyses. Results showed that both two-factor structure and three-factor structure of the scale yielded good validity and reliability results. Further, three-factor structure of the scale fit the data better compared to two-factor structure. In this regard, it can be said that three-factor structure may be used more preferably than two-factor structure. Cognitive factors such as hopelessness, helplessness, incompetence and inability to overcome are proposed to be amongst most substantial predictors of suicide. Turkish adaptation of Suicide Cognitions Scale which measure these cognitive factors or cognitions of suicide would contribute to the related literature in terms of assessment and preventive interventions.
More...
The aim of this study is to develop a scale that can be used to measure expressions of gratitude feelings toward the person on target. For that purpose, a preliminary study with 21 people was conducted to create an item pool. Then, two separate studies were conducted. In the first study (N=281), to determine general gratitude expression styles, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was applied. The results of the EFA indicated that some of the expression styles came together as expected and some of them separated and, finally three subscales were determined. The findings of the Gratitude Expression Scale supported internal consistency, test retest reliability and criterion validity of the scale. Moreover, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in the second study (N=406) confirmed the factorial structure of the Gratitude Expression Scale emerged in EFA. In other words, the findings of the second study supported that the Gratitude Expression Scale has three subscales and one factor structure (i.e., total score). In sum, both subscale scores and total score can be utilized separately in future studies.
More...
According to literature and clinical observations, there are some similarities and differences between social anxiety disorder (SAD) and vulnerable narcissism (VN). However, there exist only a limited number of research but on this topic. Thus, in the current study, it was aimed to investigate the similarities and differences in terms of perceived parenting and compensation focused coping styles among groups with low, moderate and high levels of SAD and VN. Parallel with the aim of the study, 357 participants (age: M = 25.72, SD = 9.64; 235 (65.5%) female and 123 (34.5%) male) were examined in terms of their SAD and VN symptoms and they divided into three groups such as high, moderate and low symptom level groups. Then, the groups were examined in terms of their perceived parenting and compensation focused coping styles. According to the results of the study, it was found that whereas high VN symptom level group scored higher in terms of controlling and belittling mother parenting styles than low VN symptom level group, high SAD symptom level group scored higher in terms of controlling mother, belittling mother, and overprotective mother and father parenting styles when compared to low SAD symptom level group. Moreover, high VN symptom level group tended to use more all of the compensation focused coping styles when compared to low VN symptom level group. On the other hand high SAD symptom level group did not differ in terms of the level of using compensation focused coping styles from low SAD symptom level group. In the light of the findings of the study, it was proposed that one of the distinctive features between VN and SAD can be the coping styles that the individuals are applied in their daily lives, and that finding can guide both the clinical applications and research.
More...
Schema theory, innovative-integrative approach based on traditional cognitive-behavioral theory and practice, suggests that early maladaptive schemas are developed as a result of unmet emotional needs and negative experiences in childhood, and individuals organize their lives on the basis of these schemas. Early maladaptive schemas could be thought as cognitive structures shaped by early life experiences and inherited from the past, providing a roadmap for future experiences. Considering dysfunctional nature of early maladaptive schemas in adulthood, it is very crucial to determine how these cognitive schemas are developed in childhood. In this review, research on attachment styles and temperament, parenting styles, and childhood maltreatment experiences, which play a role in the formation of early maladaptive schemas, were reviewed and findings of the research were discussed in terms of theory and practice. Taken together, with schema therapy that provides opportunities to change early maladaptive schemas, we can reconsider the past, make the present healthier and protect the future.
More...
Parentification is a parent-child interaction pattern in which the child tries to meet the physical and/or emotional needs of the parent by assuming roles and responsibilities that are inappropriate for the child's developmental level. In this review, it was aimed to evaluate the characteristics of parentification and its effects on the individual within the framework of theoretical approaches and research findings. Firstly, the theoretical approaches explaining the definition and types of parentification are introduced. Secondly, risk factors are defined by considering the family patterns which are frequently seen. Thirdly, the positive and negative effects of parentification on children, adolescents and adults, and the variables mediating and moderating these effects were evaluated within the framework of research findings. Lastly, Finally, recommendations to mental health professionals working with parentified children, adolescents and adults were evaluated.
More...
A refugee is a person who is oppressed for such reasons as race, religion, nationality, a certain social group membership or political views in his country, who loses his trust in governance of the country, and for fear that his own state will not act impartial, seeks asylum from another country and doesn’t want to come back. Refugee families mainly report that they escaped from their countries for their children’s education and future. Meeting these people in a common ground and trying to build hopeful tomorrows together is very important to protect the future of our country. Refugee children encounter different experiences during pre-migration, migration and post-migration periods. In refugee children; traumatic events during the migration periods and the stress they are under during new settlement period, increase the likelihood of psychopathology and problem behaviors. In this study, firstly intervention programs with refugee children in different cultures were examined and then made suggestions for intervention programs that can be developed for refugee children whose immigration experiences differ in our country.
More...
Loss of a loved one is an inevitable experience within the course of the life. Experience of loss brings grief which is a natural and necessary process. The symptoms in this process diminish over time and bereaved person returns back to functionality level. Sometimes, however, the grief process can deviate from its usual course and becomes complicated. This is called complicated grief and it has recently become a topic of attention. Studies indicated that complicated grief is different from normal grief, major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Therefore, it is suggested that this phenomenon should be regarded as a distinct disorder. In this context, it has been examined how the complicated grief differs from normal grief and other psychopathologies that occur after normal loss. Then, epidemiology, risk factors and prognosis are reviewed. To conclude, complicated grief, which has a long and negative course, affects the level of functioning and psychological wellbeing. Beyond that, it should be noted that it may have fatal consequences. Especially in Turkey, there is a need for research on complicated grief as there are very few studies on it.
More...
Uncertainty is defined in relation with concepts of incompatibility, unpredictability, misidentification, and dubiousness from different researchers in the literature. Also, need to reduce uncertainty is defined as a tendency to decrease uncertainties in order to gain certainty. The need to reduce uncertainty, which was proposed as a basic motivation from different researchers, is encountering frequently in daily life. In some cases, collective uncertainties follow daily uncertainties, which can be faced under normal conditions. Collective uncertainties include both cultural tendencies related with uncertainty and collectively experienced uncertainties. Turkey’s cultural tendency to avoid uncertainty and collective events including uncertainties experienced recently such as terrorist attacks and coup attempt increase impact of the topic for Turkey. In this paper, aim is to introduce psychology of uncertainty and examine uncertain events experienced in Turkey. It was emphasized that strategies to reduce uncertainty become unfunctional in some cases in our country. For this reason, new strategies which can be useful to reduce uncertainty in Turkey were suggested as (a) introducing uncertainty as manageable with respect to positive uncertainty experiences, (b) giving exact information under uncertain conditions, and (c) presenting peaceful speeches considering possible intergroup conflicts result from uncertainty management.
More...
Previous studies show that maladaptive metacognitive beliefs may constitute the psychopathological core of anxiety and depression. Recent findings also indicate that anxiety exacerbates the severity of depression. We investigated the hypothesis that anxiety mediates the relationship between faulty metacognitive beliefs and depressive symptoms in normal subjects. Two hundred and eight normal participants completed the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We performed mediation analysis to explore the relationships between metacognition, depression, and trait anxiety as a mediator. Our study showed that positive beliefs about worry, negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger, low cognitive confidence, and negative beliefs about the need to control thoughts, and cognitive self-consciousness were mediated by the level of anxiety associated withthe severity of depression. Moreover, the mediation analysis indicated that only cognitive confidence beliefs directly influenced the intensity of depressive symptoms.
More...
The Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWBS) is a questionnaire designed by Ryff (1989) to mea-sure six dimensions of eudaimonic well-being: self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. Translated into several dozen languages, this questionnaire is a commonly used instrument for measuring well-being. The article presents the effects of work on the Polish adaptation of two versions of the PWBS: full (84-item) and short (18-item), conducted as a series of four studies with a total sample of 2,035 participants aged 13 to 78.The results confirmed the reliability of the full version of the PWBS and the six-factor structure of well-being. They also confirmed the criterion validity of the questionnaire, reflected in correlations with validation instruments.
More...
The Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWBS) is a questionnaire designed by Ryff (1989) to mea-sure six dimensions of eudaimonic well-being: self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. Translated into several dozen languages, this questionnaire is a commonly used instrument for measuring well-being. The article presents the effects of work on the Polish adaptation of two versions of the PWBS: full (84-item) and short (18-item), conducted as a series of four studies with a total sample of 2,035 participants aged 13 to 78.The results confirmed the reliability of the full version of the PWBS and the six-factor structure of well-being. They also confirmed the criterion validity of the questionnaire, reflected in correlations with validation instruments.
More...
The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of compensations of maladaptive schemas in the occurrence of risky behaviors among university students. The sample consisted of 188 university students, 38 of which are male and 150 of which are female, who continue their education in various departments of education faculty of one public university in middle region of Turkey. Risky Behaviors Scale- University Form was used to measure risky behaviors and Young Compensation Inventory was used to measure schema compensations. Linear regression analysis results showed that intolerance to criticism and rebellion schema compensations explained %33 of total risk variance among male students; intolerance to criticism, rebellion and control schema compensations explained %29 of total risk variance among female students; rebellion, intolerance to criticism, control and egocentrism schema compensations explained %33 of total risk variance among whole sample. The schema compensations predicting risky behaviors were discussed to gender and schema literature.
More...
The aim of the present study is to examine the mediator role of romantic jealousy and difficulties in emotional regulation between emotional intelligence and relationship satisfaction of participants who are married and have a romantic relationship. Determination of the effect of all variables on relationship satisfaction is another aim of the study. The research sample, married and having a romantic relationship, consists of 302 participants ( 143 female, 159 male) between the ages of 19-60. The participants were given Demographic Information Form, along with Bar-On Emotional Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Romantic Jealousy Scale and Relationship Satisfaction Scale. In model test results of the analysis, the subscales of difficulties in emotional regulation scale “openness”, “impulse” and “strategy”; the subscale of romantic jealousy scale “exit” mediate the relationship between emotional regulation and relationship satisfaction. Findings were discussed on the basis of previous studies and some recommends and limitations were addressed.
More...
Schema Therapy Model (STM) is an innovative, integrative therapy developed by Young (1990) that significantly expands on traditional cognitive-behavioral treatments and concepts suggest that schemas improved developmentally. Early maladaptive schemas are pervasive dysfunctional patterns that composed of memories, emotions, cognitions and bodily sensations. They are developed early period of lifespan and get complicated through one’s lifetime (Young, Klosko & Weishaar, 2003). There is a theoretical link between early maladaptive schemas and psychopathology. Researches related to Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) reviewed within the frame of STM in this article. Undertaking studies associated with psychopathology discussed in view of theoretical background and practical outcomes
More...
Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi Klinik Psikoloji Anabilim Dalında öğretim Üyeliği görevini sürdürmekte olan Prof. Dr. Gülsen ERDEN, 1980 yılında Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi Psikoloji Bölümünden mezun olduktan sonra, Uludağ Üniversitesi Psikoloji Bölümünde Klinik Psikoloji alanında yüksek lisans eğitimini ve Ankara Üniversitesi Psikoloji Bölümünde aynı alanda doktora eğitimini tamamlamıştır. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Bölümünde ve Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatri Kliniğinde uzun yıllar çalışmıştır. 2003-2013 yılları arasında Ankara Üniversitesi Adli Psikoloji Anabilim Dalının başkanlığını ve 2010-2013 yılları arasında ise aynı üniversitenin Klinik Psikoloji Anabilim Dalı başkanlığını yürütmüştür. Ekim 2016 tarihinden bugüne Ankara Üniversitesi Adli Psikoloji Anabilim Dalının başkanlığını yürütmektedir. Ulusal ve uluslararası alanyazına birçok yayın, proje ve eser kazandıran Prof. Dr. Gülsen ERDEN, bebek ve çocuk ruh sağlığı, özgül öğrenme güçlüğü, otizm, adli psikoloji, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu ve oyun terapisi gibi konularla ilgilenmektedir. Bir dönem Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği’nde klinik psikolog olarak ülkemize gelen sığınmacı/mülteci çocuklar ve aileleriyle klinik görüşmeler yürütmüştür.
More...
The aim of the current study is to test the reliability and validity of the 'Conflict Resolution Styles Scale' (CRSS), which was developed by the researchers. For this aim, two studies have been conducted. In the first study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants who are either married or involved in romantic relationship. A large item pool was generated with the items developed from the interviews and the items developed by the authors after reviewing the related literature. Exploratory factor analysis with 200 dating participants (Mage=23.13, SDage =2.96) revealed that four factor solution is suitable for the CRSS. These factors were named as negative conflict resolution style, positive conflict resolution style, subordination, and retreat. In order to confirm the factor structure of the scale, 140 married couples (280 individuals; Mage =38.09, SDage =10.35) were participated to the second study. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the factor structure of the scale. The results of these analyses and the correlations with the related variables showed that CRSS was reliable and valid measurement tool in the assessment of the conflict resolution styles.
More...
The present study aimed at investigating the differences between nonclinical sample and clinical sample (OCD patients) in attachment, obsessive beliefs and emotion regulation in Turkish sample. For these purposes 224 non clinical participants and 101 clinical OCD participants completed questionnaires related to research variables. Experience in Close Relationship Scale to evaluate attachment, Obsessive Belief Questionnaire to evaluate obsessive beliefs and Difficulties of Emotion Regulation Scale to evaluate emotion regulation abilities were used in this study. A series of t-test for independent samples analyses were done. Findings of the analyses revealed that there was significant differences between two groups in anxiety level of attachment, but not in avoidance level. Also there were significant differences between two groups in all obsessive beliefs subscales such as responsibility and threat perception, perfectionism and need of certainty, the importance of thoughts and control. From emotional regulation perspective there were significant differences in non-acceptance of emotional response, difficulties in engaging goal-directed behavior, impulse control difficulties during emotional distress, limited access to emotional regulation strategies. However there was not significant differences between two groups in clarity about emotions and awareness of emotional arousal. To sum up according to results of this study attachment and obsessive beliefs follow the same pattern with the results in the literature. Moreover the difficulties of emotion regulation abilities thought to improve the knowledge about OCD. Because this part believed not to have enough findings in the OCD literature. The results were discussed in the light of the related literature and dependent recommendations to the area were given.
More...
The purpose of this study is to examine stress and stress related factors in tuberculosis patients. In addition, to determine the impact of socio-demographic variables such as age, gender and educational level over stress symptoms hereby comprises a further objective of this study. The study included totally 129 tuberculosis patients and 161 non-patients (normal group) participants. Tuberculosis patients registered in Ankara Tuberculosis Dispensary No.4, and Atatürk Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Hospital. As regards data collection tools; Demographic Information Form, Brief Symptom Inventory, Stress Symptoms Scale, Stress Vulnerability Scale, and Stress Coping Scale were used. Within the context of diagnosis groups; it was found that; stress symptoms of tuberculosis patients are higher than the normal group, they use their ineffective coping ways more and their life satisfactions are lower. There exists no gender and diagnosis group main effect in terms of the psychological symptoms of stress, however “gender x diagnosis group” interaction effect draws attention herein. In tuberculosis patients, ineffective coping the stress and relation pleasure variables are confronted as joint variables which are predicting both the psychological and physical health. Another point which draws attention in regression analyzes is that; “education” variable takes place among the variables which predict the psychological symptoms of stress in tuberculosis patients. Under the light of these findings, tuberculosis patients, during their treatment processes, may be encouraged to attend various training programs prepared for stress management and effective dealing strategies with stress.
More...