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Round Table Discussion : „Can Egoism be a Virtue" - see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1yZLrWh2UA
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As a subspecies of ideologically loaded picture books, this chapter focuses on military picture books. This term encompasses picture books dealing with war and the roles of soldiers. In the first part, taxonomy of military picture books is created which is exemplified by telling examples. The second part focuses on a particular narrative problem of military picture books that is of interest to a cognitive theory of picture books (as pursued by Kümmerling-Meibauer & Meibauer 2013). On the one hand, it is not possible to represent war as a good thing across the board; on the other hand, war is depicted with respect to certain scenarios of self-defense. The narrative solution seems to be that “cute” characters (that is, anthropomorphic animals and vehicles) are introduced who serve as positive military protagonists that have to fight against aggressive characters representing the enemy. In military picture books, there is a contrast between cuteness and aggression that is astonishing when regarding the typical pedagogical demands on the accommodation of picture books to the child’s cognitive abilities.
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At the end of forties and the beginning of the fifties of the 20th century the second cognitive revolution took place. It contributed directly to the coming into existence of the cognitive psychology, to the development of neuroscience and the birth of cognitive neuroscience. Then the rapid development of brain neuroimaging methods took place. Economists became interested in the cognitive revolution in the second half of the nineties. New fields of study appeared, such as neuroeconomics, neuromanagement and neuromarketing. The aim of this paper is to introduce to the subject of neuromanagement and to present selected methods of brain neuroimaging applied in management, i.e. functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography.
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Explanations about the surrounding world are of particular significance for children since it is a way for them to learn and cognise the environment. However, Legare (2014) maintains that little is known about the impact of explanations on learning. For the past decade, explanations have been one of the major themes in the studies of cognitive psychology. They aim at answering the key questions: what is the nature of the phenomenon (explanation), what is it composed of, what are its quality criteria, how is it constructed and perceived by children (Lombrozo, 2006). Hence, the aim of the current paper is to explore the ability of pre-school and primary school children to assess the quality of explanations. The aforesaid aim was posed in accordance with the methodology developed by the authors (the methodology was designed with reference to the study of Baum, Danovitch, and Keil (Baum et al., 2008). The research involved 61 children: 20 pre-school children, and 41 primary school children (21 children of the second grade, and 20 children of the fourth grade respectively). The main conclusions of this research are: – children’s ability to assess the quality of explanations increases from pre-school age to the second grade of primary school, yet at this period, it remains unchanged (from the second to fourth grade);
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Children with special needs are for the first time included in the educational process after the school reform and transfer of primary education into nine year period. Second group consists of children with special needs. Association of parents, children and youth with special needs as a part of their program activities often organize art workshops - Art therapies, in which children are able to artistically express themselves through game methods in a spontaneous and coincidental way. Coordination of eye and hand, “sprinkle, sprinkle” technique, spraying and design of colours and shapes, indeed show that children are full of will and imagination. Emotions and art Emotions lead us and stimulate the activity. Motivation of the pupils can be accomplished through activation of positive emotions. Emotions, excitement, sensitivity, love and artistic feelings are almost always present in children’s artistic creativity. Absence of positive emotions causes decline in the work intensity of blood flow rhythm and breathing, as a part of endocrine system.
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The aim of this study was to identify the specific cognitive,motivational and behavioural predictors of two measures of university students' academic achievement (grade point average and student efficacy status), after controlling ford is positional variables and student adjustment at the beginning of college. A representative sample of 250 undergraduate students was followed over a period of 3 years. Hierarchical regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted to check the contribution of the included variables. The hypothesized significant role of cognitive, behavioural and motivational factors in students' academic achievement has been confirmed, with the automatic thoughts related to the fear of disappointing parents and time and study environment management skills as the most pronounced predictors for both criteria. Outcome expectation is a significant predictor of the students' efficacy status only, while action control beliefs and goal orientations (performance and work avoidance) are significant predictors only of the GPA. In conclusion, the results suggest that, besides personality, other more manageable variables play an even more significant role in university students' academic achievement.
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Purpose of Article. The article substantiates the psychological type classification based on universal ontological grounds, and demonstrates an ability to scan psychic characteristics of an individual. Thus, the mentioned idea provides an effective interaction of practices based on the psychoanalysis and art therapy. The certain claim opens the space for the actual interaction of psychoanalytic and art-therapy practices. Methodology. The methodology of the study applies methods of classification and typological analysis as well as integral and symbolic-numeric approaches. Their application allows to reveal the disadvantages of the existing quantitative classifications of psychological types and to offer the universal and qualitative ones instead. Scientific Novelty. The scientific novelty of the article is presented through the fundamentally new method of psychological types classification practice. The approach appeals to the conglomeration of objective psychic modes that form a certain psychological type (altogether there are 16 of them, which are systemically represented). In addition, the logical justification for the selection of mental functions, which are taken into account in the proposed qualitative classification, is provided for the first time. As a result, each person appears as a carrier of an exclusively individual set of specific mental qualities, unique as to their "bouquet," which can be "woven" from objective data, rather than reflections of a psychoanalyst. Conclusions. Only by using a qualitative classification of psychological types, psycho- and art therapy-related practices will develop a strong paradigmatic basis, thus, combining their actual ontological aspects in harmonious coherence, and allowing to accelerate the psychodiagnostic process radically. At the same time, from the scientific and theoretical perspective, the developed method will open new channel of the essence of man as a cosmic phenomenon realization.
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The article analyzes the effects and distinctive aspects of hate crimes and their possible conceptualization as a boundary action. The dual boundary aspect of hate crimes – in terms of the boundaries within social hierarchies and the boundaries of societal norms – determines their distinguishing characteristics as well as their specificity as an intersection point in the dynamic interaction between structure and action. Determined by social rules and the hierarchies of social stratification, hate crime in turn transforms them: it transforms the rules by blurring the borders of norm, and the hierarchies, by solidifying the borders between groups and strata.
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The purpose of the research presented in this article is to study the role of selfconfidence in shaping psychological well-being by first year students who are in the process ofadapting to the new conditions. The study was carried on in two universities of Chisinau. A sampleof 100 students, 50 from a state university, 50 – from a private one, participated in the survey. Thehypothesis assumes that self-esteem is a condition for psychological well-being insofar as it iscorrelated with common sense and does not turn into arrogance and/or aggression. Results showingpositive correlation of self-confidence with the sense of environmental monitoring and negativecorrelation with the assessment of the quality of interpersonal relationships and of having purposeand meaning of life have been obtained. At the same time, confident behavior correlates positivelywith the assessment of the quality of interpersonal relationships
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În acest caz de studiu se prezintă efectele benefice ale studiului pianul și a meloterapiei la un tânăr, C.V., care suferă de deficiență vizuală corticală în combinație cu motricitate finăși un nivel de întelegere ușor redus. După scurtă prezentare a originii, evoluției și a simptomelor specifice ale acestui caz, se vor prezenta experiențele și experimentele proprii ca profesor de pian în predarea muzicii și a pianului în acest caz, dezvoltareaunei metodologii proprii, speciale, menite pentru a-i servi la îmbunătățirea sănătății și a aptitudinilor persoanei.
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Citizens’ tendency to overestimate the size of immigrant populations has been the subject of several studies over the past three decades. While we have learned a great deal about the extent, causes, and potential consequences of this population innumeracy, our understanding remains static. The current letter offers the first longitudinal consideration of immigrant population size misperceptions with an analysis across a nine-year span in the U.S. This study considers: 1) whether misperceptions have changed over time; 2) how these changes compare to the growth of the actual foreign-born population size; and 3) whether these changes are related to demographic and ideological factors. Results indicate that misperceptions have grown rapidly in the U.S, far outpacing the modest, actual increases across the period. Pooled cross-sectional analyses indicate that demographic factors do not explain the growth in misperceptions. However, the overestimates of politically conservative Americans have grown increasingly extreme over time.
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This paper focuses on an experiment with Silent Books with 27 Spanish kindergarten children. Through a qualitative ethnographic methodology based on a multimodal analysis, we study the response to the self-managed reading of Silent Books given by a class group and, specifically, by five students, both in the classroom and at home. The analysis of the results highlights a drastic increase in the motivation towards books and the activation of a series of cognitive precursors.
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The aim of this article is to examine the related research literature conducted on the relationship between parental involvement in education and children’s academic achievement. Researchers have suggested that parental involvement influences the academic performance of students at kindergarten, primary school, secondary school as well as high school. Parental involvement is defined in terms of various factors such as discipline or the process of socializing and parenting children in the household, parental aspirations and expectations for children’s education and academic achievement, communication, discussions about school, and participation in school activities. Parents discuss school activities with children, monitor, check and help with their homework, communicate with teachers, attend school functions and parent-teacher conferences in order to ensure better academic performance of their children. They expect and aspire for their children to have higher rates of educational attainment and higher academic achievement. These educational expectations and aspirations of parents are positively associated with academic achievement of children.
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This article deals with the history of diagnosing and defining autism in contemporarygeneral dictionaries of the Polish language over the years 1958–2017.The word autism belongs to words which in dictionaries belong to the groupdependent on the history of consciousness about this phenomenon, the processof its cognition and diagnosis. Most of the dictionaries examined rightly addressthis phenomenon in the context of the triad of impairments in autism: aloofness,lack of contact with the environment and limited ability to communicatewith others. Unfortunately, some of the dictionaries also contain factual errors,suppositions and even myths, which negatively affects the value of the definition.The latest dictionaries only duplicate the content of former dictionariesand do not take into account modern concepts of autism spectrum disorders.
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The aim of this article is to present the relation between pain and anger in Thomas Bernhard’s autobiographical stories: Der Atem. Eine Entscheidung and Die Kälte. Eine Isolation. The Austrian writer precisely reconstructs the social context of recognising disease and the status of suffering in institutional medicine. In this article, the tension between individual experience of pain and therapeutic procedures is analysed in the context of power and domination. However, the author pays special attention to the problem of subjective transformation of pain into anger (the logic of rebellion, agon).
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As a result of the rise of online communication and political divisions based on symbols, rather than structure (decrease in the importance of class-based voting), citizens are increasingly linked to news outlets that articulate and reinforce their views. The process is facilitated by the spontaneous processes of bottom–up communication that excludes, in an iterative process, people who express views that are inconsistent with the prevailing opinion. The emergence of “information verticals” is a significant influence on attitudes to some issues covered in political debate. These effects operate with regard to so-called easy issues, that is, those rooted in emotions and in the symbolic sphere. Our article is an empirical test of our hypotheses about the effects of media framing of “hard” and “easy” issues. We apply a survey experiment method to verify whether contact with news coverage has an effect on attitudes, taking into account the political orientation and cognitive skills of citizens. Our empirical analyses confirm that a hostile media framing of migration changes respondents’ attitudes no matter their level of cognitive engagement. The data come from Poland.
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История мемуарской литературы всяла несколько линий еë развития которые в значительной мере ревидировали классические канонские основы этого жанра на уровне тематики, образов, интенции писания этого жанра, а прежде всего в пределе статуса факта (документарнного). Деконструктивистические и постклассические когнитивные теории паралельно и диаметрально по разному расветляли „фактичность” и „истинность” мемуарского рассказа. Имея в виду оба дискурса о мемуарах (литературный и научный) стараемся обяснит степень дове- рия фактов и истинность мемуара, и дает аргументованный ответ на два вопроса:„Могут ли мемуары лгать?” и „Должны ли мемуары лгать?”
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The aim of this article is to analyse psychological aspects of religious experience of Islamic prayer – salah (prayer) in youth, that is the young peoples’ perception of salah and their experience thereof. The research was conducted on a sample of 9 respondents (7 female and 2 male) whose age on the average was 21 years. For evaluating religious experience of youth in salah we used qualitative method of research and the semi-structured interview technique. The results of qualitative analysis show that religious experience of young people in salah could be described through following topics: positive perception of salah; the positive emotions in salah ( the sense of inner content and bliss, pleasant feeling towards God and the sense of gaining acceptance and support of God); sustaining pleasant disposition and the positive self-perception after the salah; the pleasant feelings are most intense during the morning and the evening prayer; the need to address God in mothers’ tongue after the formal prayer; the sense of negative feelings and the negative self-perception at the occasion of omitting the prayer and at the occasion of having disrupting thoughts during the prayer.
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Significance of the students’ academic achievement in educational system of contemporary society makes it a frequently discussed topic not only amongst students, teachers and parents but it also makes an important part of the scientific pedagogical-psychological discourse and its’ reviews. In this article we explain the significance of academic achievement and present factors that influence the same. Besides factors like parents (parents’ stiles, expectations, involvement etc.), teachers (stiles, characters, ability to create appropriate social and emotional environment) and peers (their acceptance or non-acceptance), it is also important to analyse the specific factor of students’ own character. Academic achievement can be viewed as predictor of many social and cognitive skills in personality evolvement of a student.
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This paper calls into question the ontological privilege of the human species that rests on many misguided ideas. One of these ideas is that Homo sapiens is the only species that possess culture. In this sense, the problem of (defining) culture is emphasised in the context of the so-called minimalist and expansionist definitions. Furthermore, this paper details examples of cultural behaviour in non-human animals. The components commonly considered necessary to speak of true culture are also critically analysed. These components are social learning, language, symbols, the theory of mind, history, tradition, natural pedagogy, and the cumulativeness of culture. Finally, this paper brings attention to the implications of a more adequate, expansionist and naturalistic, definition of culture based on evolutionary (Darwinian) grounds.
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