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Hipoteza artyfikacji i jej znaczenie dla kognitywizmu, neuroestetyki i estetyki ewolucyjnej

Author(s): Ellen Dissanayake / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The artification hypothesis presented in this paper is based on the assumption that small children have the ability not just to persuade other to give them physical safety but also to initiate social bonds and emotional interaction. Thus the interactions between the child and mother are adaptive in their character and as such they were not considered by evolutionary psychologists. The other factor of artification is the ritualization of those interactions. The article delivers many examples of proto aesthetic actions and artifications stressing out also the religious aspect of the phenomenon. The author concludes with the notion that artification and aesthetic agency are adaptive as such and they were just as important in the human evolution as nonverbal information transmission.

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Exploring the Neural Basis of Avatar Identification in Pathological Internet Gamers and of Self-Reflection in Pathological Social Network Users

Author(s): Tagrid Leménager,Julia Dieter,Holger Hill,Sabine Hoffmann,Iris Reinhard,Martin Beutel,Falk Kiefer,Karl Mann,Sabine Vollstädt-Klein / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Internet gaming addiction appears to be related to self-concept deficits and increased angular gyrus (AG)-related identification with one’s avatar. For increased social network use, a few existing studies suggest striatal-related positive social feedback as an underlying factor. However, whether an impaired self-concept and its reward-based compensation through the online presentation of an idealized version of the self are related to pathological social network use has not been investigated yet. We aimed to compare different stages of pathological Internet game and social network use to explore the neural basis of avatar and self-identification in addictive use. Methods: About 19 pathological Internet gamers, 19 pathological social network users, and 19 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing a self-retrieval paradigm, asking participants to rate the degree to which various self-concept-related characteristics described their self, ideal, and avatar. Self-conceptrelated characteristics were also psychometrically assessed. Results: Psychometric testing indicated that pathological Internet gamers exhibited higher self-concept deficits generally, whereas pathological social network users exhibit deficits in emotion regulation only. We observed left AG hyperactivations in Internet gamers during avatar reflection and a correlation with symptom severity. Striatal hypoactivations during self-reflection (vs. ideal reflection) were observed in social network users and were correlated with symptom severity. Discussion and conclusion: Internet gaming addiction appears to be linked to increased identification with one’s avatar, evidenced by high left AG activations in pathological Internet gamers. Addiction to social networks seems to be characterized by emotion regulation deficits, reflected by reduced striatal activation during self-reflection compared to during ideal reflection.

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Работилница: „Професионалноста и квалитетот на услугите на социјалните работници во службите за ментално здравје“

Author(s): Slavica Šekutkovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 5/2010

The Association of Social Workers in the City of Skopje is a non-profit, non-governmental organization that directs its activities towards developing the professional capacities of social workers and disseminating knowledge that will enable them to keep up to date with the latest achievements and methods of work of the social protection. The activities of the Association are of particular importance for the reason of the problem of the social and economic problems caused by the processes of transition to a market-based and pluralistic oriented society that have led to a number of social problems among the citizens.

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Практики на домување кај лицата со интелектуална попреченост: Служби за домување со поддршка во заедницата

Author(s): Vera Dimitrievska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 6/2010

Over the course of the late 20th century the so-called “social model” (which views disability as the result of social barriers that prevent people with disabilities from participating into the society) arose. This model opposed the previously dominant “medical model” (in which disability is considered as an individual pathology) that had until then underpinned much of service provision for people with disabilities all around the world. Latterly the development of holistic models brought about a global understanding of disability, taking into consideration all dimensions. The development of international legislation on the rights of people with disabilities during the 1970s also accounts for this shift in paradigm from the medical to the social model of disability. Among those, the adoption by the UN General Assembly of the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities in 1993, presented disability rights as an equal opportunity issue rather than a special needs issue. For South East European countries at various stages of an EU association or accession process, a key legal instrument is the Council of Europe Recommendation No. R (92) 6 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on a Coherent Policy for People with Disabilities. In terms of the financial perspective of these services, the results are shown in many reports for institutional care and community-based services. In all of them is noted there is no evidence, that model of community-based services is rather expensive than care in the institutions. Other studies, note the opposite meaning. Experience shows that simply closing institutions is not, in itself, enough to ensure the social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities. In order to achieve real inclusion, an efficient network of quality community-based services must be established, and service standards and monitoring systems must be developed.

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People with intellectual and mental disabilities in the social protection system in Serbia between community and institutionalization

Author(s): Dragana Stanković,Miroslav Brkić / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2/2015

The process of deinstitutionalization is one of the directions of the social protection system reform in Serbia that has started at the beginning of the year 2000 and as one of the reform’s priorities is incorporated in strategic documents and laws. In terms of human rights of persons with intellectual and mental disabilities, the institutions, but also society as a whole, show to a great extent insufficient focus and commitment. Compliance with the standards defined by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, ratified by Serbia what makes it legally binding document, has remained just at the level of the governmental formal commitment. Despite legislative changes aimed at protecting the rights of people with intellectual and mental disabilities, the number of those people in the residential institutions is still high. The key assumption of the deinstitutionalization process - development of community-based services, what should ensure getting the necessary support in the natural environment (and prevention of the institutional care as the same time), hasn’t kept the anticipated pace.

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Социјална инклузија на децата со интелектуална попреченост и децата со церебрална парализа

Author(s): Natasha Chichevska-Jovanova,Olivera Rašić-Canevska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 11/2/2015

The integrity of the personality of a person is the basis of his social status, and therefore without regard to the development of society, the individual leads a permanent battle for his affirmation and existence. The battle of socialization, the process of interaction in which the new member in the social community adopts knowledge, skills, habits, norms, values and other insights necessary for successful integration into the social group or the wider community is much more difficult and longer for persons of varying degrees and kind of disability. The aim of our research was to determine the mutual relations in the family as well as in the environment, with peers, teachers and some personal qualities such as: sociability, dominance and curiosity of children with intellectual disability and children with cerebral palsy. Using causal and descriptive analysis method, Rene Gill's testing technique and test for social and family relationships, sample data compiled of 12 children with cerebral palsy aged 5 to 20 years and 28 children with mild intolerant disability at the age of 7 to 20 years. The data were tabulated and statistically processed using the X-square test. The analysis of the results indicated that the two groups of respondents at a younger age were more attached to the mother, but in the later period the relationship of the boys with the father prevailed and the copying as a model, the other groups noted greater attachment to the teacher. The difference between the groups is noted in the distance and adequate social behavior, in boys with intellectual disability and girls with cerebral palsy there is greater distancing and adequate social behavior. We can conclude that the two groups are not fully adapted to the people and the surrounding environment.

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Сервиси за лица со интелектуална попреченост во република Македонија: визија и реалност

Author(s): Andon Damovski / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 11/2/2015

The system of social protection of disabled people in the country to its independence generally was conducted by a medical model and developed a system of institutional care. The reforms in the social protection system in the country (after establishing independence), develops and promotes the social protection of disabled people in their place of residence. The process of reforms in the field of social protection was developed in 2003 and the adoption of certain measures and the social protection policies are established in 2004 as a result of legislative initiatives. The new legislative initiatives and regulations created radical changes in the field of social sector by introducing new solutions. Social reforms are based on three new principles of social protection (decentralization, social inclusion and social protection plural), in order to strengthen and adjust the Macedonian system to European and international standards. Approaching european and international conceptions Ministry of Labor and Social Policy, in its policies and strategies embarked on a process of transformation of public services, social protection of people with intellectual disabilities through the processes of decentralization, disinstitutionalisation, privatization and implementation of joint projects NGOs working in the field of social protection. In this paper will be analyzed the active local policies for people with intellectual disabilities, as well as the capabilities and capacity of local government to open these services to people in the community, taking into account the above mentioned principles in social care.

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The development of personal skills by collaborative learning activities

Author(s): Constantina Catalano / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2018

The aim of our study is to highlight the potential of using the blended-learning, flipped classroom, learning strategies in developing the students‘ competences in the subject of Visual Arts and Practical Abilities within the framework of European school partnerships. The practical and process-oriented research will investigate and describe the gains of flipped classroom strategy in improving the artistic-plastic performances of young students aged 7-9 years, participants in the eTwinning Programme. By means of comparative analyses, we will bring out the effects of applying this strategy to students from Romania, Poland, Turkey and the Republic of Moldavia with regard to forming and developing their visual art competences. We framed these specific competences present in the 4 European countries’curriculum into the plastic theme category, with the subcategories of observing the artistic movement, selected technique, type of chosen tools and materials, lines diversity and expressivity, diversity and complexity of shapes, chromatic harmony, color surface, ornamentation of composition.

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Migration – a new cause of the learning difficulties in contemporary school

Author(s): Horatiu Catalano / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2008

The present paper is focused on describing one of the aspects of migration phenomenon and its implication in the context of contemporary education. The statistics show that in some cases, the leaving of one of the parents causes the deterioration of the relationship between the child and the parent that remained at home, be this the mother or the father. For this children whose parents have left to work abroad school represents an important factor of stress. As an operational method for acting, the establishment of the differential diagnosis is very important. The student with learning difficulties may be recuperated if he/she attends personalized intervention programmes that carefully include : objectives, proper recuperation activities, specific methods and means, the duration of each activity carried out and the forms of the periodical and final evaluations.

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Validation of the Polish version of the Short Form of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire

Author(s): Stanisław Radoń,Magdalena Rydzewska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

The objective of this study is to validate the Polish adaptation of the Short Form of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-SF; Bohlmeijer, Klooster, Fledderus, Veehof, & Baer) – a 24-item inventory measuring mindfulness in daily life – in a Polish sample. The psychometric properties of the Polish version were assessed in a sample of 885 individuals: 710 meditation-naïve and 175 meditation-advanced ones. The following psychometric properties were examined: reliability (internal consistency, temporal stability, discriminant validity), internal validity (confirmatory factor analyses), and convergent validity (correlation between the five FFMQ facets and neuroticism, emotional stability, rumination, openness to experience, ego strength, extraversion, and reflection). The results confirmed the reliability (internal consistency, temporal stability, discriminant validity), internal validity (the orthogonal 5-factor model), and convergent validity of the Polish adaptation in a nonclinical meditation-naïve and meditation-advanced population aged 15-63. The FFMQ-SF proved to be an effective instrument for measuring mindfulness in nonclinical meditation-naïve and meditation-experienced Polish samples. Further replications in clinical samples are needed.

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SIGN LANGUAGE AND SUCCESSFUL BILINGUAL DEVELOPMENT OF DEAF CHILDREN

Author(s): Ronnie B. WILBUR / Language(s): English Issue: 56/2001

This paper reviews research on language development of deaf children, comparing those who have early access to natural sign language with those who do not. Early learning of sign language does not create concerns for the child's development of other languages, speech, reading, or other cognitive skills. In fact, it can contribute directly to establishment of more of the high-level skills needed for successful bilingual development. The global benefit of learning a sign language as a first language is that in the resulting bilingual communicative setting, teachers and learners can take advantage of one language to assist in acquiring the other and in the transfer of general knowledge. As part of this discussion, English and ASL are compared as representatives of spoken and signed natural languages to provide explicit examples of their similarities and differences.

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EMBODIED LEARNING OF LANGUAGE IN PRESCHOOLERS: EMOTION, ENACTMENT, AND COGNITION

Author(s): Alexandra Marian,Doris Rogobete,Roxana Vescan,Adriana Ilie,Thea Ionescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Language learning in preschool children tends to be likened to school-like learning, using verbal explanations more than actions when new words are learned during storytelling. Based on previous results that showed that sensorimotor elements help language learning at this age this study aimed to investigate whether positive emotions also act like essential elements for language learning. Fifty-five 4 to 5 year olds listened to a modified version of the "Town Musicians of Bremen" story. There were four conditions: one that included emotions and sensorimotor elements during storytelling, one that had only emotions, one that had only sensorimotor elements, and one that had neither emotions nor sensorimotor elements. Results show no advantage of positive emotions by themselves, and a clear advantage of sensorimotor elements. Implications are discussed with regard to inducing emotions versus naturally arising emotional states, and also to the embodied learning perspective.

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Wpływ muzyki na funkcjonowanie poznawcze człowieka

Author(s): Aleksandra Różańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2018

The results of studies are connected with influence of music in the cognitive functions are different. In this article, the review of literature and the results of the own study were presented. Th e own study (N=132) is connected with influence of music in the results of concentration task. Difficulty of tasks and knowledge of pieces of music were manipulated. The analysis presents that the task was performance better with piece of music than without. The results suggest that during performance the simple cognitive task, extra stimulus does not reduce the result of this task.

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The Role of Objects and Situation Models in Film Transparency a Contribution to the Epistemology of Film

Author(s): Saša Milić / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2012

This paper deals with the problem of how viewers interpret feature films. It explains the role of mental models called situation models in interpreting diegetic worlds of fiction. By using P. F. Strawson’s interpretation that persons and material objects occupy a central position among logical subjects when we think about our world, and associating the knowledge of diegetic worlds of fiction with the knowledge of reality, we propose that these two can be compared and thus offer a better understanding of the role of extended networks of objects in viewing film narratives. Recognizing sight gags as particularly complex narrative figures, the paper describes the doubling of situation models by viewers interpreting specific sight gags. A result of this doubling is the incongruity registered by the viewer, who thus gains an analytical opening into the structure and functioning of individual situation models.

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Integrativna bioetika i problem istine

Author(s): Ante Čović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 12/2009

The integrative bioethics is methodologically determined by the idea of pluri-perspectivism. According to this idea, the “orientational knowledge” can be attained only through the interaction of different cognitive perspectives within the certain subject field. This methodological standpoint, in its philosophical background, presupposes strictly determined understanding of truth, which can accordingly be called (pluri)perspectivistic. The aim of this article is to explicate the presupposed notion of truth in order to philosophically legitimize pluri-perspectivistic cognitive methods and to ground the new paradigm of knowledge. This paper consists of three sections: the definition of the integrative bioethics is given in the first section; then the author gives systematic review of various philosophical approaches to the concept of truth; and, finally in the third part, the string of the pluri-perspectivistic understanding of truth within the history of philosophy is being reconstructed.

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Colour as Mathematics: An Approach on Wittgenstein’s “Remarks on Colour”

Author(s): Diana Soeiro / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2009

The review of: “Colour as Mathematics: An Approach on Wittgenstein’s “Remarks on Colour”” Remarks on Colour (Bemerkungen über die Farben), (ed. G.E.M. Anscombe), UK/ USA/ Australia, Blackwell Publishing, 1977

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Culture as Meaning-Making

Author(s): Vilmantė Liubinienė,Rūta Lenkauskienė / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2002

The present paper analyses the role of social and cultural background knowledge in the cognition of meaning. Language and culture integrated studies have long been in the focus of attention. In order to study the language of a target culture, one should understand how human beings construct meanings, understand processes of meaning-making, account for different meanings, and examine their effects in social life. The language cannot be interpreted in the right way without taking the target culture into account. In the knowledge-based society people of all professions have realized that they will be more successful if they take “cultural“ factors into consideration.

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Architektūra ir aplinkos kognityviniai aspektai

Author(s): Almantas Samalavičius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 99/2019

The aesthetic discourse of Modernism that dominated the last century often offered simplified or even overtly simplistic models of architecture and urbanism. As some recent research into the legacy of architectural modernism reveals, its simplistic schemes in many cases contradicted the human need of complexity and human scale among many other things. More recently architectural discourse started embracing the findings and implications of other scholarly and scientific disciplines, including such fields as brain research or cognitive psychology. Accordingly these new interdisciplinary (or cross-disciplinary) interests give an impetus to understand the practice of architecture in a more holistic and more human and adequate ways. Nevertheless, global and local architectural practice still ignores most of these findings and many architects continue to apply dated aesthetic solutions that often contradict knowledge that is provided by other disciplines. The article provides a discussion of some new dimensions in and around architectural theory and an analysis of a few local cases that demonstrate that findings of the new sub-field known as cognitive architecture which continues to be ignored in contemporary architectural practice.

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Stasio Šalkauskio tikrovės pažinimo metmenys

Author(s): Juozas Žilionis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 39/2004

In the article the pedagogical heritage of Stasys Šalkauskis is considered. In his pedagogic writings Šalkauskis paid much attention to theoretical problems of teaching, or didactics. In analyzing them he mostly relied on the Classic German didactics. He also elaborated his own original theory of mental development based on the idea of integral personality development. In that theory he defined the objectives of teaching, described the external and internal conditions of the educational process, analyzed its contents and principles of teaching programmes.

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TÖMER Türkçe Öğretim Programları Okuma Kazanımlarının Bilişsel Stratejiler Açısından İncelenmesi

Author(s): Mustafa Ulutaş,Mehmet Kara / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2019

Nowadays, the first quarter of the 21st century, the teaching of Turkish as a foreign language is mostly carried out by Turkish Teaching Centers, which are established within the universities and their numbers are increasing every day. These centers carry out the language teaching process through the books they prepared or obtained from other centers. The books used in the area of teaching Turkish as a foreign language should be prepared within a certain curriculum. Unfortunately, it is known that only a few of the existing Turkish Teaching Centers have developed their own curriculums by using the common framework. Curriculum acquisitions should ensure that language learners exhibit certain skills from the lowest to the highest. One of the most important sources that can be used to sort and classify the acquisitions from the simplest to the highest cognitive level is the Bloom Taxonomy. “Recall, comprehension, implementation, analysis, evaluation, creation” steps of this taxonomy, revised by Anderson and Krathwohl is considered important to express the acquisitions according to certain cognitive processes and to make the curriculum more functional. In this study, it is aimed to examine the reading acquisitions in Turkish curriculum as foreign language according to the revised Bloom Taxonomy. For this purpose, the reading acquisitions of Ankara University and Gazi University Turkish Teaching Center’s Turkish curriculum were examined by taking into account the cognitive processes of taxonomy. Based on the data obtained: It is seen that the reading acquisitions in the Turkish Language Curriculum as a Foreign Language of Ankara University indicate 6 cognitive process steps 91 times; and the reading acquisitions in the Turkish Language Curriculum as a Foreign Language of Gazi University indicate the same cognitive process steps 112 times in total. It was found that basic cognitive skills (remembering, understanding, implementation) had a weight of 72.53% in Ankara University curriculum; and in Gazi University curriculum, they had a weight of 69.64%. While both curriculums do not include reading acquisition for the level of creation, the percentage of high-level cognitive skills (analysis, evaluation, creation) is determined as 27.47% in the Ankara University curriculum; and in the Gazi University curriculum, it was determined as 30.36%.

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