„Erszte Judisze Szach-Cajtung” i „Erszte Judisze Sport-Cajtung” – pierwsze jidyszowe czasopisma sportowe wydawane w Łodzi i ich zawartość

Author(s): Anna Łagodzińska-Pietras / Language(s): Polish Issue: 49/2022

The main purpose of the article is to broaden the state of knowledge about Yiddish press published in Łódź. The author focuses on two periodicals dedicated to sport: Ershte Yudishe Shakh-Tsaytung and Ershte Yudishe Sport- Tsaytung that were issued in 1913 and 1914. They were considered as missing and ephemeral with no important contribution to the history of Polish Jews. The analysis of two inconspicuous magazines leads to the conclusion that expands research in the field of press or biography studies, revealing interesting information especially about the milieu of people gathered around the widely defined cultural life in Łódź, adding some unknown facts about Arthur Szyk, Moshe Broderzon or David Frishman, and enriching knowledge about the formative processes in the Jewish cultural life in the city.

„Od powietrza, głodu i pomnika Kuny zachowaj nas Panie”. Antysemicki spór o pomnik Adama Mickiewicza dla Wilna

Author(s): Diana Wasilewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 49/2022

After Poland regained independence in 1918, a considerable group of Polish Jews wanted to co-create Polish culture, which did not find approval in the eyes of nationalists, defenders of the purity of national culture. Writers and artists of Jewish origin, especially those assimilated, became the main target of attacks and victims of social ostracism. The story of the monument of Adam Mickiewicz proposed to the city of Vilnius by Henryk Kuna, a sculptor with Jewish roots, may serve as a case study, perfectly illustrating both the power of resentment among the broad masses of society at the time and the influence of journalists. Kuna’s project was the third (after Zbigniew Pronaszko’s avant-garde monument and Stanisław Szukalski’s symbolist one) project of a Mickiewicz monument for Vilnius, selected in a competition in 1932. Unlike the previous ones, it did not seem to be controversial either in terms of form (it represented modernized classicism) or symbolism (it showed the poet in a pilgrim’s cloak with a book in one hand, the other hand covering his eyes). Despite this, nationalist circles unleashed an antisemitic campaign, striking at both the artistic and iconographic value of the statue. A rich variety of rhetorical means, from wit to virulent mockery, prove that it was not aesthetic preferences that played a dominant role here, but Henryk Kuna’s background, which influenced the evaluation and interpretation of his work.

„Скритите деца“, оцелели от холокоста. Травма и траур. Ретроспективни изследвания

Author(s): Lazar Atmadzhov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Hidden Jewish children”, Holocaust survivors. Traumatisms and mourning. Retrospective studies. This contribution concerning traumatism and the mourning of Jewish children, holocaust survivors hidden in France during WWII, is a retrospective study on the psychological consequences in a situation of genocide in childhood. In this article two different types of research, carried out in France, will be underlined. The first concerns a group of former hidden children who created an association, more than half-century after the end of the war, to establish a self-therapeutic group. The second research studies former hidden children who have remained isolated and generally have had difficulties in metabolizing their traumatic experiences.

ЄВРЕЙСЬКІ КОЛЕКТИВНІ ГОСПОДАРСТВА ЯК СПОСІБ ПІДТРИМКИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ САМОСВІДОМОСТІ

Author(s): Olha Chinena / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 32/2021

The article is devoted to the issue of adaptation of the mechanism of formation and strengthening of the identity of the Jewish national minority on the territory of Ukraine to political changes in the first half of the ХХ century. The changes of that time demanded from the Jewish community not only new practices of preserving the national consciousness, but also a change in the usual activities that had been formed for centuries. Therefore, in the 1920s and 1930s, new forms of preserving and maintaining Jewish identity emerged as a Jewish national district and collective farm. The establishment of these administrative-territorial units made it possible, albeit for a short period of time, to maintain national consciousness among the Jewish population.

Създаване на системата за закрила на детето и развитие на националните политики

Author(s): Eva Zhecheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The article reviews issues related to the development of the national policies for child protection, the adoption of new legislation and the establishment of the child protection system in Bulgaria. An attempt is being made to analyze the national strategic framework, the challenges and impact mechanisms. Among the main points of this research material are the functions and powers of the new institutional structures for child protection, their normative development and a short impact assessment.

Сътрудничеството между националните малцинства на Втората полска република и съветските власти в завладените от Червената армия територии през септември и октомври 1939 г.

Author(s): Jacek Romanek / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2019

The article presents the issue related to the collaboration of national minorities during the Soviet Union’s aggression against Poland in 1939. The appearances of the Ukrainian and Jewish minorities against the Polish population led to a huge amount of crimes. Thousands of representatives of the Polish state were killed by the communist militias. According to Soviet propaganda, destruction of the Polish intelligentsia began in the occupied areas. These activities were to make the soviets easier to defeat the Polish state.

Творчість Рози Ауслендер періоду американської еміґрації

Author(s): Iryna Vikyrchak / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 91/2015

The article deals with the collection of English poetry by German-Jewish poet Rose Ausländer “The Forbidden Tree”, written between 1947 and 1956 during these exile years in New York. Among literature researches there are several versions about the reasons for the shift of language by the author, these versions are post-war trauma, loss of her mother or practical approach in positioning of her poetry in a new language environment. English poetry by Rose Ausländer is considered to be a transitional link between traditional pre-war and free verse poems written after 1957. In this publication there are examples of stylistic influences on Rose Ausländer’s writing by M. Moore, E. E. Cummings, T. S. Eliot, W. Stevens and other American Modernist poets. Generally speaking, in her English poetry Ausländer gradually loses rhyme, the rhythm becomes free, the author experiments with poetic forms a lot, until she decides for the free verse poetry and continues to write quite so in German. Like E. E. Cummings, Pose Ausländer tries different forms and usage of punctuation; like Marianne Moore, she addresses meditative poems with high attention to details. We can observe direct correspondence in dedication of some poems to the American modernist poets. Poetry written by Rose Ausländer during this period, was published in 1995 Helmut Braun in a collection entitled “The Forbidden Tree”. There are 190 poems in this poetry collection, placed in the alphabetical order.

Текст и текстуална критика историјских књига Старог Завета

Author(s): Albert M. Walters / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2-3/2008

Топос дитинства у поезії Мозеса Розенкранца

Author(s): Tetiana Lakusta / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 100/2019

The subject of this article is to study the literary space of childhood in the lyrical works of Moses Rosenkranz. The poems “Geburtspunkt” (“Birthplace”), “Meine Dörfer” (“My Villages”), “Auf der Weide” (“In the Pasture”), “Erinnerung” (“Memory”), “Nachts am Fenster” (“At Night by the Window”), “Der Bach” (“Stream”), “Die Liebe im Dorf” (“Village Love”), “Sonntag” (“Sunday”), “Tiefer Zug” (“Deep Mark”) from collection “Bukowina. Gedichte 1920–1997” have become the basis for the study of images and motifs traditionally associated with childhood – home, parents, garden, village, the theme of memory, motif of the lost paradise and ways of their literary actualization. The article attempts to determine the features of the topos of childhood in the lyrics of Moses Rosenkranz: the insecurity of the childhood from the destructive power of the adult world, the special importance of the theme of the lost paradise, which exposes the conflict of the adult and child worlds, the idyllic chronotope traditionally associated with the theme of childhood. In the course of this study, it has been found that Bukovinian images and motifs are key in the poetic work of Moses Rosenkranz. The land where he was born and spent his childhood and youth is portrayed by the author in his lyrical works with particular warmth and tenderness. Even being far from Bukovina, the author did not forget his country and imprinted his image in poems. The space of Rosenkranz's childhood is full of idyll and harmony, though he had been impressed by the brutality of the adult world in the childhood. Moses Rosenkranz's favorite character is a simple peasant with his traditions, misfortunes and hopes.

Торкнутись історії

Author(s): Yuriy Ivanovich Shapoval / Language(s): Ukrainian

History remains the subject of heated discussion in Ukraine, of the most unexpected discoveries and in-deep reader’s interest. Yurii Shapoval is a connoisseur of its secrets, a researcher of archives, a publisher of unknown facts and documents, a scientist with an excellent worldwide reputation. And at the same time, he is a talented populariser of historical knowledge, the author of invariably interesting TV programs, documentaries, radio programs and newspaper stories.

ТРОП ВОЗА КАО СИМБОЛ ТРАУМЕ У КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ ХОЛОКАУСТА

Author(s): Milica M. Karić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 76/2021

Traumatic experience such as the Holocaust requires traumatic ways of representation. Those who dare to write about it encounter various dilemmas and difficulties in finding the right ways to write about something that cannot be written about. Train trope is a usual symbol of the biggest XX century trauma because rail- way system and different types of cars enabled transportation of millions of people from the whole Europe, whose lives were terminated in the death camps, as well as their wealth, gold and other valuables. Trains found their way in literature with both survivor writers and those who didn’t experience the Holocaust. The symbol of train had been interpreted within psychoanalysis of dreams as passage of time and life before it started to operate as a symbol of the very death in reality. In this paper we tried to investigate how train trope functions in this trauma based literary genre with those writers who were inside and those who felt them as cultural heritage. Those who were inside death trains, such as Elie Wiesel, insisted that the only way of representation has to be in documentary and realistic style. On the other hand, writers who were lucky not to experience the hell on Earth couldn’t write from the ‘inside’ and had to find other ways of representation. Their styles vary from allegory in Kosinsi’s autofictional novel to magic realism in David and Thomas’s novels. Thomas also adds Freudian psychoanalysis while Pinter experiments with stage representation.

Удовлетвореност от професионалния труд на учителите в образователни институции

Резултати от емпирично изследване

Author(s): Bozhidara Kriviradeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The article presents results from an empirical study among teachers from all over the country about their satisfaction with professional labor. The study was made with a questionnaire for the diagnosis of labor satisfaction, developed by M. Radoslavova and A. Velichkov.

Утраченное соседство: образ еврейского местечка в воспоминаниях не евреев

Author(s): Olga Belova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2015

The paper presents some results of the study of the image of the Jewish town (shtetl), as it appears in the oral tales of the non-Jewish locals. The presentation is based on the folklore and ethnographic data collected in 2012 during the field research in Western Belarus and in Bessarabia. The oral stories of local old residents from the settlement Zheludok (Grodno region, Belarus) and the village Vertiujeni (Floreshti district, Republic of Moldova) will be analyzed to show the mechanism of “Jewish history” reconstruction of former Jewish settlements where the Jewish population is now missing. The only evidence of Jewish heritage are the monuments of material culture (houses, synagogue, Jewish cemetery), and the only source of information – the memories of local residents about their neighbors – the Jews. As the collected material shows, the text about the “Jewish past” broadcasting by and among the non-Jews, combines ethnographic details and myth-making, and largely reflects the ethno-cultural stereotype of the Jew, characteristic to the folk tradition.

ФИКЦИОНАЛНА ДЕЛА О ГОЛОМ ОТОКУ У СРПСКОЈ КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ КОЈУ ПИШУ ЖЕНЕ / ЖЕНЕ КАО ГЛАВНЕ, ФИКЦИОНАЛИЗОВАНЕ ЈУНАКИЊЕ У РОМАНИМА О ГОЛОМ ОТОКУ

Author(s): Slavica O. Garonja Radovanac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 78/2022

In this paper, we consider the phenomenon of fictionalization of the theme of the Goli otok in novels (mostly written by women), as a kind of collective and ideological trauma, which has been a taboo topic in socialist Yugoslavia for more than 40th years. Biljana Jovanović (Duša, jedinica moja, 1984) and Boba Blagojević (Skerletna luda, 1991) started the topic of Goli otok in a women’s ideological novel and after that the topic of IB Resolution continued through different genres: publicist- memoir work (Ženi Lebl), autobiographical novel (Vera Cenić), or a real postmodern novel by Milka Žicina (Sve, sve, sve, 2002), all the way to a modern novel, with a fictional protagonist, which combines all the experiences of the Goli Otok`s victims (G. Zalad, Plava tišina, D. Grossman, Život se sa mnom mnogo poigrao). We divide the origin of these novels into the works of women writers who personally experienced torture of Goli otok (Ž. Lebl, V. Cenić, M. Žicina, Eva Panić), and those who were born much later, dealt with this topic completely through the fiction (G. Zalad, D. Ilić, D. Grosman). V. Cenić and M. Žicine also created several impressive literary heroines, whose degree of fictionalization we have specifically analyzed here as literary heroines (Brana Marković, Dragica Srzentić, Slavka Pogačarević, Eva Panić Nahir), as well as the type of antiheroine in the character of Marija Zelić, the warden of the camp on Goli Otok. These are works whose literary qualities should be much more present on our literary scene, and with a good film adaptation they should enter a much wider, public reception, especially since film as a medium is the main subtext of two modern novels about Goli Otok (G. Zalad, D. Grosman).

Фикционалният аз на Данило Киш и фигурата на Бащата („Градина. Пепел“ и „Пясъчен часов-ник“)

Author(s): Magdalena Kostova-Panayotova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

The article examines two novels from the trilogy of Danilo Kish ("Early Care", "Garden, ashes" and the Hourglass) - a writer and essayist, the descendant of a Hungarian Jew and a Montenegrin mother. Both in his novels and in his essays and short stories, the centre of many cultures and identities, a follower of Kafka, Joyce, the Tick and whose main themes always carry the shade of nostalgia, the marks of the vanished world, which is experienced as the only thing dear to the artist. The theme of the disappearing world of Hungarian Jews is told from three different points of view in the trilogy. For the unfortified Self in the trilogy, the disappearance of the father is connected with the wavering of the identity, with the search for grounds for the very existence. From the narration of horror, the apocalyptic crack of life and meaning, the lurking death that transcends everything because it is finality. But amid the devastation and doubt of the written word, there remains the hope that the story provokes the reader, outlining the space and giving meaning to pain, sacrifice and death.

Хана Аренд – съкровищница в историята на политическите идеи

Author(s): Olga Stoyanova-Encheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The paper traces and analyses the main highlights in Hannah Arendt’s political ideas as reflected in her various writings. It examines her main concepts of politics, totalitarianism, power, freedom, and violence. With her interesting and unconventional research approach, she established a dominant position as a political thinker of the 20th century, and she continues to be a highly relevant and widely read author in the present day.

Христо Родев – един българин в защита на евреите

Author(s): Dragomir Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

Художні-стильові особливості свічників в оздобленні мацев Східної Галичини XVI – першої третини XX ст.

Author(s): Khrystyna Boyko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2018

The purpose of the article is to identify the artistic and stylistic features of carved candlesticks, to carry out the analysis of constructive schemes and to determine the typology of multi-branched candlesticks in the decorative adornment of the matsevahs of Eastern Galicia from the XVI through to the first third of the XX century. The methodology of the research involves the use of a number of methods: historical-comparative, formal-stylistic, structural-typological. For analysis of compositional solutions, art criticism categories, as well as practical experience of visual, stylistic, morphological-compositional and complex analysis were used. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that for the first time the basic principles of constructing compositions with the use of the candlestick motif have been analyzed for the first time, the artistic and stylistic features of carved candlesticks have been thoroughly investigated, their typology has been determined, the analysis of constructive schemes of the multi-branched candlesticks-menorahs in the decorative adornment of the matsevahs of Eastern Galicia XVI - the first third of XX. Conclusions. Through the analysis of the ornamental decoration of the matsevahs of the ancient Jewish cemetery of Galicia, one can distinguish several dominant motifs according to the nature of the image: zoomorphic, ornithomorphic, plant ornamentation, subject motifs, architectural elements, symbols of Judaism. The motif of the candlestick is one of the most commonly used motifs in the memorial plastics of the Galician matsevahs of the 18th and the mid-19th centuries, and its artistic and stylistic peculiarities are the embodiment of the high skill of Galician masters-carvers. Of significance is the different stylization of the form, the interpretation of individual structural elements of the candlestick in different regions of Eastern Galicia. In the formation of monuments, influences of stylistics from leading styles of European art are observed, in particular - baroque, rococo, secession. The completion of individual elements or details of the subject motif under investigation has been significantly influenced by the traditions of Ukrainian art, in particular.

Честер Бити папируси

Author(s): Frederick Fyvie Bruce / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2021

Этническая травестия в романе Давида Маркиша „Белый круг”

Author(s): Eleonora Shafranskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2020

The author tries to explain the riddle presented in the novel by the modern writer David Markish, The White Circle, about the ethnic identity of the character Matvey Katz, whose prototype is the avantgarde artist Sergey Kalmykov (1891–1967). The name and lifestyle of this artist became the reason for the birth of a personal myth, which formed the basis of the novel semi-detective plot. If in the discourse of the second half of the XX century and in the XXI century (mythology, cinema, a number of literary texts), Sergey Kalmykov, a Russian by origin, appears as a half-mysterious, half-mad person, an Alma-Ata freak, but under his real name, then, in Markish’s novel, he is a Russian artist of “Jewish origin”, living in the fictitious Central Asian topos named Kzylgrad. To explain the ethnic travesty that runs counter to historical reality, to “decipher” the location of the novel associated with the last years of the artist’s life are the tasks solved by the author of the article.