„Neboť to bylo řízení Hospodinovo ...“ Hebrejské prameny ke třicetileté válce

Author(s): Martha Keil / Language(s): Czech / Issue: Suppl./2011

Kurz nach dem Friedensmahl in Nürnberg am 25. September 1649 stellte ein Zeitgenosse fest, dass der Westfälische Frieden „den dreißigjährigen Krieg nachgehends erfreulich geendet“ habe. Die ,Schlusshandlung‘ mit der Unterzeichnung der Friedensverträge sei „hauptsächlich eine Göttliche Gnaden-Schenkung“. Die Bezeichnung ,Dreißigjähriger‘ für diesen Krieg erfolgte also nicht mit langem zeitlichen Abstand, sondern aus der aktuellen Perspektive: Den Überlebenden war schmerzlich seine ungewöhnlich lange Dauer und Härte bewusst. Die Brutalität und Zerstörung hatten ein bis dahin kaum bekanntes Ausmaß erreicht und die traumatisierten Opfer bedurften der kollektiven wie auch der persönlichen Aufarbeitung. Juden wie Christen in ihrem streng religiös geprägtenWeltbild fanden in den Gräueln die Bestätigung des biblischen, insbesondere prophetischen Deutungskonzepts, dass das Leiden die Strafe für die eigenen Sünden darstelle und sich Gott dafür der Kriegsgewalt und ihrer Vollzieher bediene.

„Nem betegség ez, inkább egészség”

Author(s): Mihály Vajda / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2002

The essay, by Mihály Vajda shows how and over what obstacles the Kertész oeuvre has managed to wrest meaning and value from the Holocaust.

„Nem veszedelmes többé.”

Jiddis a Magyar-Zsidó Szemlében, a magyar zsidó tudományos diskurzusban

Author(s): Szonja Ráhel Komoróczy / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2016

„Nie chodzi o to, czy nienawidzi czy nie. Muzułmanie mu przeszkadzali” – kategoria zakłócenia w narracjach o muzułmanie w literaturze Szoa

Author(s): Dennis Bock / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 25/2015

In the literary recollections of camp survivors the figure of the Muselmann is a recurring motif. The author puts forward a thesis about the existence of a dominating, prototypical narration about a Muselmann, which occurs not only in literary texts but also in scholarly studies. The questioning of the exemplary forms of depicting a Muselmann may lead to irritation and evoke in readers the feeling of “disturbance”. The re-enactment of such disturbances possesses a hidden analytical potential, as it reveals routinized and partly problematic cultural structures of reception and cquisition apparent especially in the context of post-catastrophic narrations and remembrance of the Shoah.

„Nie myśl, że to pisze obłąkany”. Listy rabina z Grabowa i jego misja informowania o Zagładzie

Author(s): Adam Sitarek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 15/2019

In early January 1942 escapees from the nearby death camp in Chełmno nad Nerem reached Grabów, a small locality in Regierungsbezirk Litzmannstadt in Wartheland. At that time the German Nazis were liquidating the nearby ghettoes one by one, deporting their residents to Chełmno, where the victims were murdered. In Grabów the survivors met with the local rabbi and gave testimony about the crime they had witnessed. The rabbi almost immediately decided to send a letter to his family and friends warning them against the deportations. The escapees also informed Grabów inhabitants about the tragic news in his house. The next day the rabbi wrote another letter. Other Grabów inhabitants followed his example. Consequently, the information about the mass murder was spreading. A lot suggests that the Grabów rabbi’s initiative might have been the ϐirst organized attempt to warn Jews detained in ghettoes of Regierungsbezirk Litzmannstadt in Wartheland against the approaching extermination. This means that the rabbi played an important role in the transfer of information about the murder committed in the nearby camp in Chełmno nad Nerem. Consisting in spreading news about the deportations’ objective, his activity hampered the work of the German oppressors and enabled the victims to verify the German’s assertions about the deportations purported aim (labor) and learn about the actual fate of their families and friends deported to Chełmno.

„Niemcy znaleźli u nich zrabowane żydowskie rzeczy i dlatego ich rozstrzelali”: Kureń Bukowiński, Holokaust w Kijowie i świadectwo Marty Zybaczynskiej

Author(s): Jurij Radczenko / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 14/2018

W powszechnym odbiorze egzekucje Żydów w Babim Jarze stały się symbolem Holokaustu „od kul” na terenach okupowanego przez nazistów Związku Radzieckiego. Mimo że od tych straszliwych wydarzeń minęło ponad 70 lat i ukazało się wiele prac naukowych, historia Babiego Jaru pozostaje obiektem dyskusji naukowych i spekulacji politycznych. Zazwyczaj ulegają one zaostrzeniu w przededniu oraz w czasie żałobnych obchodów rocznicy rozpoczęcia masowych egzekucji w Babim Jarze. Niestety, dominuje w nich właśnie element polityczny i propagandowy. Dotyczy to przede wszystkim kwestii (braku) udziału Kurenia Bukowińskiego (KB), formacji wojskowej OUN Andrija Melnyka, w egzekucjach Żydów w Babim Jarze jesienią 1941 r. oraz ogólnie w Zagładzie na terenie Kijowa w latach okupacji nazistowskiej.

„Nigdy więcej!” – historia pewnej utopii

Author(s): Sławomir Buryła / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 25/2015

The author of the article studies the literary and cultural topos “Never more!”. He discusses its social and historical contexts as well as the instrumentalization of the anti-war rhetorics in the period of Peoples’ Republic of Poland (Pol. abbr. PRL). The outline also presents the place of anti-war rhetorics in the modern culture.

„NINCS NEKIK SE NYELVÜK, SE ÍRÁSUK” - A ZSIDÓK ÉS A LATIN NYELV A KÉSŐ ÓKORBAN

Author(s): Tibor Grüll / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1-2/2002

The Latin language did not enjoy popularity either among the Jewish population of Iudaea/Palaestina or that of the diaspora. This may be traced back to political, religious and cultural reasons. In spite of the strong aversion to Romans, Jews did use Latin, especially from the 4th century onwards, when Christianity was declared state religion. The most important evidences of the usage of Latin are the inscriptions. Some phrases in the Jewish epitaphs indicate a typically Jewish environment, which cannot prove, however, the existence of a Judenlatein (i. e. a coherent system of lexical, semantic, morphological and syntactic divergences). The examination of two Jewish epitaphs (CIJ 476. Monteverde catacomb, Rome, III—IVth century; CIJ 650. Catania, 383), a legal document (Collatio legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum) as well as a religious text (Epistola Anne ad Senecam), all formulated in Latin are to demonstrate our hypothesis. As regards Jewish inscriptions we do examine the sociolinguistical background of the epitaphs; while in the case of the Jewish-Latin literary texts we do research on the Biblical allusions.

„O Matce i ojczyźnie”. Rozmowa z Bożeną Keff i Michaelem Zgodzayem

Author(s): Magdalena Waligórska,Magdalena Marszałek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2014

„O nadawaniu imion umarłym”. Rozmowa z Robertem Schindelem i Jackiem Burasem

Author(s): Magdalena Waligórska,Magdalena Marszałek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2014

„O poszukiwaniu prawdy i przekładzie, który dotyka do żywego”. Rozmowa z Eryką Fischer i Katarzyną Weintraub

Author(s): Magdalena Waligórska,Magdalena Marszałek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2014

„O Żydzie na strychu i tożsamości mieszańca”. Rozmowa z Joanną Bator i Esther Kinsky

Author(s): Magdalena Waligórska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2014

„Odrodziły się traumy z czasów Zagłady”. Marzec 1968 jako narracja postkatastroficzna

Author(s): Anna Artwińska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 25/2015

The article discusses select literary images and presentations of March 1968, which are treated as an example of a postcatastrophic narration. The author states that the events of the years 1967-1968 are often depicted in Polish literature as a kind of a “recurring catastrophe” – predicting an event of the calibre of the Holocaust. Similarities and parallels can be noticed on the artistic level (ways of representation) and ideological (judgement of events). Consequently, the catastrophe does not fulfil its cathartic function and does not become a breakthrough, instead its characteristic features are repetitions and new configurations. Finally, the author asks whether, and to what extent, Polish remembrance of March overlaps with the remembrance of the Holocaust, and to what degree the struggle with anti-Semitism in 1967-1968 was simultaneously a struggle with anti-Semitism during WWII.

„Oni wciąż we mnie żyją”. Israel Gutman (1923–2013): ocalały z Zagłady, uczestnik powstania w getcie warszawskim, historyk żydowski

Author(s): Havi Dreifuss / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2014

The article if devoted to Prof. Israel Gutman, one of the most eminent Holocaust scholars. Dreifuss reconstructs Gutman’s life from the pre-war period, through his stay in the Warsaw ghetto and concentration camps, to his emigration to Palestine and the building of the state of Israel, where the novice kibbutz worker became a scholar who shaped the direction of Holocaust research at the Yad Vashem Institute and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Gutman’s scientific methodology postulated a focus on the life of Jews during the Holocaust, its reconstruction on the basis of Jewish sources, and explanation of personal dilemmas and complex social relations.

„Oriental Flower in Pest"

Author(s): Ivan Sanders / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/1995

The review of: Kinga Frojimovics, Géza Komoróczy, Viktória Pusztai, and Andrea Strbik: A zsidó Budapest: Emlékek, szertartások, történelem (Jewish Budapest: Records, Recollections, Rituals); Faces of the City Series Ed. by Géza Komoróczy, Budapest: City Hall/Center of Jewish Studies of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 1995, 2 vols., 793 pp., illustrated.

„Pamiątka, Zabawka, Talizman / Souvenir, Talisman, Toy” (wystawa w Muzeum Etnograficznym w Krakowie, 2013 rok, kuratorka: Erica Lehrer)

Author(s): Alina Cała / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3-4/2015

The article is a review of the exhibition Pamiątka, Zabawka, Talizman / Souvenir, Toy, Talisman, which opened at the Seweryn Udziela Ethnographic Museum in Cracow on 30 June 2013, during the Jewish Culture Festival. The exhibition was curated by Erica Lehrer.

„Pamiątka, Zabawka, Talizman” czyli Żydzi fantomowi

Author(s): Wojciech Wilczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3-4/2015

The exhibition Souvenir, Talisman, Toy, prepared by Erica Lehrer and shown in Cracow’s Ethnographic Museum in Summer 2013, deals with the phenomena of Jew figures production and currently extremely popular the "Jew with a coin" image. The phenomenon bears full characteristics of folk art. However, it is Holocaust that took place in Poland during the German occupation that should be its valid reference. This historical context that results in, for example, stereotypical way of portraying the exterminated neighbours (this way is often perceived as intentionally anti-Semitic), is not fully analysed or worked through at the exhibition. The rich ethnographic material shown in Cracow is calling for a comment that would include scientific descriptions of Polish-Jewish relations that are being formulated at, for example, the Polish Centre for Holocaust Research. The phenomena of the evoked images production, which became more intense in the last twenty or thirty years, has all the qualities of "phantom memory" or post-memory, which character, as well origins, should be thoroughly analysed.

„Papirene brik” (Papierowy most) – poezja jako przekraczanie granic tożsamościowych we wczesnej twórczości Kadii Mołodowskiej

Author(s): Joanna Lisek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

This paper presents how woman’s subjectiveness is expressed in the early (pre-Second World War) Kadia Molodowsky’s poetry and how it influences the definition of a social role of the poetry and the voice of the poetess in the debate about the Yiddish women’s lyric. These problems are described with the connection to the Jewish religious tradition which was a very important background of Molodowsky’s poetry.

„Plemię żmijowe” (Łk 3,7) i pokrewne wypowiedzi w Łk-Dz. Diagnoza sytuacji współczesnych Jezusowi czy kondycji człowieka?

Author(s): Krzysztof Mielcarek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 65/2/2018

The negative phrase: “the brood of vipers” has no equivalent in the OT, neither it is present in the extra-biblical writings. The first evangelist is the one who uses the epithet most often. However, Luke does use it as well (Lk 3:7). The paper is a study of narrative strategies of both Gospel-writers within the context of the OT and the rabbinic literature in order to identify one of the important narrative threads of the third Gospel. Instead of stigmatizing the particular faction of the Israel’s religious society, Luke employs the primordial Christian tradition to stress sinfulness of human nature, which in the past resulted in rejecting the good news of Jesus.

„Pogrom alfonsów” w Warszawie 1905 roku w świetle prasy żydowskiej

Author(s): Aleksandra Jakubczak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 36/2015

The article explores the events known as the “pimp pogrom,” which took place in Warsaw in May 1905, as presented by the Jewish press. The analysis of the sources has provided new insights into the events, which were very complex in their nature. For many years, the Jewish community of Warsaw struggled with a problem of prostitution and white slavery. The inaction of the Russian authorities and police as well as the ineffectiveness of abolitionist organizations provoked the feeling of hopelessness and evoked a rank-and-file initiative of the Jewish working class. The pre-revolutionary turmoil only accelerated the explosion of violence against the marginalized and suspicious elements of the society.