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Из диалектологического архива: польская диалектная речь жителей окрестностей Бражуоле (Тракайский район, 1992 г.)

Author(s): Elena Konickaja / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2014

The article provides dialectological recordings of Polish (the so-called polszczyznа kresowа) from the Trakai region, specifically Bražuolė and its surroundings, made during the expeditions in the 1990’s organized by the Department of Slavic Philology at Vilnius University. The Polish recordings are from an areal characterized sociolinguistically by the interface of four languages: the Polish dialect, Belarusian (po-prostu), Russian, and Lithuanian. These recordings reflect crucial and previously unidentified features of the sociolinguistic environment, as well as constitute historical evidence of language contact in Bražuolė and its surroundings. The data presented in the article can be used for further work on the history of language contacts in Lithuania.

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KORO DERSİNİN UYGULAMADAKİ GÖRÜNÜMÜ

Author(s): Timur Vural / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 29/2016

Music education department, which continues to operate in overall in our country, have eight semesters of training processes, in the six semester of department given by choir course, choir and management course are given in one semester. Music teacher candidates, including seven semesters and receive a total of 308 hours of training choir. The handling of the choir and choir management course has been determined how the evaluation and implementation of the concerts. As a result of research, the problems of contemporary music education in choral education department were exhibited.

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Логаритмични и тригонометрични функции в трансцендентни уравнения (II част)

Author(s): Diana Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

The paper is a continuation of the paper by the same author in issue 1/2017 of “Mathematics and Informatics” journal, dedicated to transcendental equations and combinations of logarithmic and trigonometric functions which are considered instead of combinations of exponential and trigonometric functions. Approaches for their solutions are proposed.

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IŠSILAISVINIMAS NUO LAISVALAIKIO

Author(s): Monika Šipelytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 40/2017

About Juozapo Paškausko dissertation "Laisvalaikio kultūra didžiuosiuose Lietuvos miestuose ir provincijoje XIX a. pabaigoje – XX a. pradžioje“ and it's defense.

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SOVIETINĖ TEMIDĖ KLĖJOS RANKOSE

Author(s): Kęstutis Kilinskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 40/2017

About Monikos Kareniauskaitės dissertation „Nusikaltimas ir bausmė Lietuvos SSR“ and it's defense.

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Трудовоправна рамка на образователните политики за конкурентност на пазара на труда

Author(s): Andriyana Andreeva,Galina Yolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

The article examines the actual norms of the labour and insurance law, regulating forms and educational policies, directed to the increase of the competitiveness of the workers and employees on the labour market. Accent in the exposition is on the national norms, as well as on the European policies related to the synchronization of the intern regulations with the European one. Based on the examination the authors make conclusions and recommendations for improvement of the legislation and adaptive to the new requirements practice of the employers.

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COUNTERACTING OF EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITIES THROUGH THE DIGITIZATION OF EDUCATION: AN ANALYSIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE THEORY OF SYMBOLIC VIOLENCE

Author(s): Elena Bujorean / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2021

The present paper uses the concept of “symbolic violence” to explain the causes of certain educational inequalities, including limited access to some resources, including technology. The reference to P. Bourdieu’s theory regarding symbolic violence is the theoretical framework adopted by us in order to question the principle of equity in formal education. Up to Bourdieu, the school was recognized as an institution of the reproduction of theoretical and practical knowledge. The French sociologist’s merit lies in that he proved its role in the production/reproduction of class relations, of society in its essence. By revealing a series of mechanisms of social and cultural reproduction through formal education, the French sociologist, together with J. Passeron, clarified symbolic violence as a form of gentle, invisible violence, not acknowledged as such. They explain the inequalities of the academic success by cultural and motivational factors: the inequalities appear due to the fact that formal education applies the same treatment to the pupils who are not equally armed with the elements of school culture. Symbolic violence can take the form of denying access to resources or limiting the realistic aspirations of young people. Thus, e-learning platforms that require high-speed internet provide important materials and learning experiences to which not all students have access. On the other hand, conservatives believe that too much emphasis is placed on these technological changes, to the detriment of other curricular innovations. The paper presents not only the impact of the theory put forward by the French sociologists in their analysis of school practices characterized by exclusion, marginalisation, inequity, but also the optimizing perspective introduced by Bourdieu. It is a good idea to bring again to the attention of practitioners, researchers and decision-makers in the field of education, the problems of the reproduction in the academic area of some social and cultural inequalities; in this way, interest can be raised in assessing the impact of the educational policies destined to increasing equity in the field of education.

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Explaining the Formation Rates of Post-Communist Interest Organizations: Density Dependence and Political Opportunity Structure

Author(s): Rafael Pablo Labanino,Michael Dobbins,Szczepan Czarnecki,Ana Železnik / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2021

This article presents an analysis of the formation of organized interest groups in the post-communist context and organizational populations over time. We test two theories that shed doubt on whether vital rates of interest groups are explained by individual incentives, namely, the political opportunity structure and population ecology theory. Based on an analysis of the energy policy and higher education policy organizations active at the national level in Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia, we find that while the period of democratic and economic transition indeed opened up the opportunity structure for organizational formations, it by no means presented a clean slate. Communist era successor and splinter organizations survived the collapse of communism, and all three countries entered transition with relatively high density rates in both organizational populations. We also find partial support for the density dependence hypothesis. Surprisingly, the EU integration process, the intensity of legislative activity, and media attention do not seem to have meaningfully influenced founding rates in the two populations.

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Czy (i komu) potrzebne są czasopisma naukowe? Kontekst nauk społecznych

Author(s): Jerzy Marian Brzeziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The article raises a few issues – essential in the author’s view – which are related to the place of scientific journals in the system of science, with special emphasis laid on the publishing practice of scholars representing the social sciences. The practice of overusing bibliometric indices with which individual journals are assigned – especially in evaluation procedures – is taken into account and subjected to criticism. The author strongly supports DORA (the declaration on research assessment) when it comes to the common practice of replacing peer review with a simpler and more effective procedure of using bibliometric indices (also to assess the performance of individual scholars). When employers (for instance, universities) exert pressure on scientists to obtain points from publications, this results in a number of pathological phenomena: the emergence of predatory journals and the appearance of ‘virtual’ teams of authors only pretending to collaborate. The article ends with the author's recommendations for young scientists on how to design their careers – including how to publish wisely in scientific journals.

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Rola czasopism naukowych w zreformowanym systemie nauki i szkolnictwa wyższego w Polsce

Author(s): Marian Gorynia,Bronisław Sitek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

A triple goal was set for this article: (i) identifying the functions fulfilled by scientific journals in the system of science and higher education in Poland; (ii) diagnosis and assessment of the performance of the evaluation function by the current system of journal evaluation – a critical analysis of the applicable solutions; (iii) outlining the directions of the evolution of the journal evaluation system in Poland. As far as the methodology is concerned, a critical analysis of the literature on the subject as well as a critical analysis and evaluation of applicable legal regulations played a leading role. Moreover, elements of the diagnostic approach (the description and assessment of existing solutions) and the prognostic / prospective approach (an outline of proposed changes to existing solutions) were used in the considerations. Additionally, the work uses the method of legal and dogmatic analysis of legal provisions, which allows for a critical assessment of the legislator's intentions.

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Resentymentalny racjonalizm w ocenie polskich czasopism naukowych: chaos, upolitycznienie i utowarowienie

Author(s): Mariusz Baranowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The article aims to characterize the evaluation of Polish scientific journals in the fields of the humanities and social sciences, in the broader context of national science and higher education reforms. For this purpose, the notion of resentment rationalism, referring to Max Scheler’s work, was introduced to highlight the disorganization of successive attempts to rebuild the system of science rooted in evil and atavistic passions. As a consequence of the adopted research optics, what emerges is a picture of chaotic, politicized and commodified reforms, which fail to correct the position of Polish science and antagonize the community of researchers, by making it impossible to deal with important structural problems in this field.

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Misja prawniczego czasopisma naukowego w kryzysie i anomii konstytucyjnej

Author(s): Andrzej Wróbel,Michał Ziółkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

Referring to the honourable one-hundred-year history of Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, and the more than seventy-year tradition of Państwo i Prawo, the two most prestigious legal journals in Poland, the authors discuss the mission of legal journals in a democratic society. They focus on the times of constitutional revolutions and transformations, where the well-established interpretations of constitutional provisions became questioned or even violated. The 2015−2020 constitutional developments in Poland serve as an illustrative background and point of reference for the authors in answering the following question: how and what should legal journals publish when the constitution is being ‘vanished’ (to use the compelling metaphor of Mirosław Wyrzykowski). This predominantly descriptive and interpretative article consists of the following four parts: the mission of journals, constitutional revolution, constitutional crisis, and constitutional anomy.

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Polskie wykazy czasopism naukowych – podsumowanie dotychczasowych doświadczeń z perspektywy czasopism prawniczych

Author(s): Grzegorz Wierczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The first part of the article discusses the rules regulating the creation of the official list of scientific journals in Poland. The author concludes that these rules have many flaws. Among the de lege ferenda conclusions, the author mentions: (i) the list cannot be applied retroactively, it should only have effects for the future; (ii) decisions concerning inclusion on the list and awarding points should be justified, and these justifications should be publicly available; (iii) decisions concerning inclusion on the list of scientific journals and the awarding of points to scientific journals should be subject to judicial control; (iv) the list of scientific journals should not be prepared by the ministry, but by an independent scientific agency; (v) the list should be fully developed on the basis of a unified, transparent methodology, in which the essential element of the evaluation is the analysis of journal citations. The second part of the article discusses the scientific databases used to create rankings of scientific journals. The author points out that in relation to European legal journals, the Web of Science and Scopus databases include content that is too limited to be properly used for this purpose. The author suggests taking into account the citations from the Google Scholar database to evaluate European scientific legal journals.

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Wokół problematyki gatekeeperów w prawniczej komunikacji naukowej

Author(s): Jolanta Jabłońska-Bonca / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The article addresses selected problems associated with the subjects who have a significant influence on the selection of legal scientific research results that are disclosed, published, delivered to addressees, and which are sometimes treated as confidential and classified. These are tasks thatcan be considered as those of a special selector, or gatekeeper, in juristic scientific communication. Juristic scientific communication is understood in this text as communication between legal scientists, and as communication that is transformed into legal practice. It also encompasses the communication of commissioned research results by scientists to other external stakeholders, and the communication between scientists and the public. The questions posed in this text are as follows: are the paths of legal scholarly communication currently changing and, if so, how? Who has an important or decisive influence on the filtering of legal research results that enter public legal discourse, and who may close certain ‘gates’ and why – given that these factors prevent scholars, practitioners and the public from accessing certain content? Does digital culture have an impact on the phenomena of gates? Does the fact that open scholarly communication (open access) is developing dynamically have any influence on who is a gatekeeper?

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Prawo Unii Europejskiej w polskich czasopismach prawniczych (kilka obserwacji)

Author(s): Stanisław Biernat / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

There has been a growth of interest in EU law (formerly Community law) in Polish legal periodicals ever since the political changes in 1989 made it possible for Poland to formally participate in the processes of European integration. Few journals in Poland are devoted exclusively or predominantly to EU law. However, there are many journals publishing articles covering various areas of law, including EU law. The majority of these journals are in Polish, but the number of those published in English is increasing. Occasionally, some issues or individual articles in Polish journals are published in English. The circle of authors is diverse. It includes both persons specializing in EU law and authors dealing with various areas of Polish law analysed in close connection with EU law. The articles deal with problems of EU institutional law, but also with various aspectsof substantive law. The jurisprudence of the CJEU is also extensively analysed. The influence of such journals, in terms of gaining a better understanding of the role of EU law in the process of making and applying the law in Poland, is now evident.

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Czasopisma nauk społecznych: refleksje w kontekście jubileuszu „Ruchu Prawniczego, Ekonomicznego i Socjologicznego”

Author(s): Jacek Wasilewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The centenary anniversary of Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny is a good time for reflection on the status of social science journals in Poland. The article compares the form and content of the twelfth volume (1932) of RPEiS with today’s academic journals. The major conclusion is that the pre-WWII journal was targeted at the broadly defined milieu of the humanistic intelligentsia, while today’s journals are addressed exclusively to a narrow group of academic specialists. Is there a chance of establishing a social science periodical in Poland that would attract a broader readership, including both scientists and practitioners in the field of the social sciences?

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ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКА ФІЛІЯ ВИЩОГО МУЗИЧНОГО ІНСТИТУТУ ІМЕНІ М. ЛИСЕНКА ЯК КУЛЬТУРНО-ОСВІТНІЙ ЦЕНТР ТЕРНОПОЛЯ (ПЕРША ПОЛОВИНА XX СТОЛІТТЯ)

Author(s): Olena Volodymyrivna Spolska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 40/2021

The purpose of the article is to analyze the historical and cultural background and the main aspects of the formation of professional piano performance in Ternopil in the late nineteenth - first half of the twentieth century on the example of VMIL branch activity. Methodology. The methodological basis of the publication is historical-stylistic and comparative approaches, methods of historical-cultural discourse (according to V. Cherkasov). The formation of professional piano performance is considered in terms of musicological and stylistic approaches in broader cultural, educational, and musical-pedagogical contexts. The problem of studying the regionalism of music and performance centers and schools as a dynamic historical and cultural phenomenon is actualized. A thorough study of the history of regional piano educational centers and performing schools has been the subject of a number of musicological studies. In particular, the works of N. Kashkadamova, T. Starukh, L. Mazepa, and others are dedicated to the piano art of Lviv, its artistic education, and cultural institutions. Scientific Novelty. Based on the study of scientific and archival sources, we can see that the educational and pedagogical traditions of the Higher Music Institute named after M. Lysenko as the first Ukrainian professional center and its branches in Eastern Galicia have continued in the activities of pianists, teachers, and performers in Ukraine and abroad, mainly Western Of Ukraine. Attention is focused on the opening and initial stage of the branch of the Lysenko Higher Music Institute (VMIL) in Ternopil, in particular, on the activities of piano teachers. Based on historical, comparative, and individual approaches, the role of individual performers, composers, and teachers as the founders of piano performance in the region is highlighted. Thus, the novelty of the article is to trace the initial stage of the formation of piano performance in Ternopil in the late nineteenth - first third of the twentieth century. as a process of transition from the amateur period to academic performance and professional music education. Conclusions are made about the decisive role of the branch of the Higher Music Institute named after M. Lysenko (VMIL) in Ternopil and its founders, in particular, Iryna Krykh (Lyubchakova) and Yuri Krykh, in the development of music education and performance in the region.

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Short notes

Author(s): Maciej Górny / Language(s): English Issue: 124/2021

Anna Janicka, Corinne Fournier Kiss, and Mariya Bracka (eds), Przemiany dyskursu emancypacyjnego kobiet [Changes in Women’s Emancipation Discourse], Series 1: Perspektywa środkowoeuropejska [The Central European Perspective], Białystok, 2019, Temida2, in cooperation with Wydział Filologiczny Uniwersytetu wBiałym-stoku and Katedra Badań Filologicznych „Wschód-Zachód”, 746 pp., bibliography, ills, portraits, English, French, Russian, Ukrainian sum., index of personal names; series: Przełomy/Pogranicza: Studia Literackie 27, Studia Kobiece 1 Anna Janicka, Corinne Fournier Kiss, and Barbara Olech (eds), Przemiany dyskursu emancypacyjnego kobiet [Changes in Women’s Emancipation Discourse], Series 2: Perspektywa polska [The Polish Perspective], Białystok, 2019, Temida 2, in cooperation with Wydział Filologiczny Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, 729 pp., bibliography, ills, English, French, Russian, Ukrainian sum., index of personal names; series: Przełomy/Pogranicza: Studia Literackie 28, Studia Kobiece 2 Tomasz Kurpierz, Henryk Sławik 1894-1944. Biografia socjalisty [Henryk Sławik 1894-1944: Biography of a Socialist], Katowice-Warszawa, 2020, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, 836 pp., list of abbreviations, bibliography, index of personal names, photographs Zbigniew Mentzel, Kołakowski. Czytanie świata. Biografia [Kołakowski: Reading the World. A Biography], Kraków, 2020, Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak, 509 pp., bibliography, index of persons, photographs Anna Marciniak-Kajzer, Rzeczy ludzi średniowiecza w domu [Medieval Household Objects], Łódź, 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, ills, bibliography, list of abbreviations, 440 pp. Aleksandra Losik-Sidorska, Katalog Nagrobków Piastowskich/The Tombs of the Piast Dynasty, Poznań, 2020, Wydawnictwo Nau kowe UAM, photographs, ills, list of figures, 140 pp. Marian Rębkowski, Jak powstało Pomorze? Studium tworzenia państwowości we wczesnym średniowieczu [The Origins of Pomerania. A Study on theFormation of a State in the Early Middle Ages], Warszawa, 2020, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Archeologii i Etnologii PAN, Muzeum Historii Polski w Warszawie, 228 pp., ills, bibliography, index of geographical and ethnical names, English sum. Szymon Wieczorek, Galla Anonima opowieść o królu Bolesławie i ubogim kleryku. Moraliter, anagogice, allegorice, historice [A Story about King Boleslaus and a Poor Cleric by Gallus Anonymus. Moraliter, Anagogice, Allegorice, Historice], Rzeszów, 2020, Publishing House of the University of Rzeszów, 148 pp., list of abbreviations, bibliography, list of sources, English sum. Małgorzata Dowlaszewicz, Diabeł w legendzie. Wyobrażenie diabła antropomorfi cznego w średniowiecznej literaturze niderlandzkiej [The Devil in Legend. The Image of the Anthropomorphic Devil in Medieval Dutch Literature], Wrocław, 2020, Oficyna Wydawnicza Atut, 153 pp., annex Anna Horeczy, Recepcja włoskiej kultury intelektualnej w krakowskim środowisku uniwersyteckim w drugiej połowie XIV i w pierwszej połowie XV wieku [Reception of Italian Intellectual Culture in the Cracow’s University Environment in the Second Half of the Fourteenth and First Half ofthe Fifteenth Century], Warszawa, 2021, Instytut Historii PAN, 459 pp., list of abbreviations, bibliography, list of tables and diagrams, index of persons, annexes, English sum. Jacek Pielas, Oleśniccy herbu Radwan w XV-XVII wieku. Z dziejów szlachty małopolskiej doby nowożytnej [The Oleśnicki Family of the Radwan Coat of Arms. From the History of the Gentry of Lesser Poland in the Early Modern Period], Kielce, 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego, 186 pp., list of abbreviations, annex including source document edition, genealogical tables, cartographic material and photographs, bibliography, indexes of personal and geographical names Piotr Miodunka, Społeczność małych miast południowej Małopolski od końca XVI do końca XVIII wieku [The Community of Small Towns in Southern Lesser Poland from the Late Sixteenth to the Late Eighteenth Century], Kraków, 2021, Towarzystwo Auto rów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych ‘Universitas’, 553 pp., list of abbreviations, annexes, bibliography, lists of tables and diagrams, ills and list thereof, index of geographical names; series: Historia Życia Aleksandra Ziober, Postawy elit Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego wobec elekcji Władysława IV Wazy i Michała Korybuta Wiśniowieckiego [Attitudes of the Elites of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania towards the Elections of Ladislas IV Vasa and Michael I], Kraków, 2020, Wydawnictwo Księgarnia Akademicka, 332 pp., list of abbreviations, bibliography, English sum., index of personal names Bożena Popiołek, Dobrodziejki i klienci. Specyfika patronatu kobiecego i relacji klientalnych w czasach saskich [Benefactresses and Clients. Female Patronage and Clientelism in Saxon Times], Warszawa, 2020, Muzeum Pałacu Króla Jana III w Wilanowie, 632 pp., ills, list of main archival abbreviations, bibliography, index of personal names, English sum. Urszula Kicińska, W tym osieroconym stanie. Pozycja wdowy w społe -czeństwie szlacheckim w Rzeczypospolitej (od schyłku XVII do połowy XVIII wieku) [In This Orphaned State. The Position of the Widow in the Noble Society ofthe Commonwealth (from the late seventeenth until the mid-eighteenth century)], Kraków, 2020, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego, 680 pp., list of main abbreviations, bibliography, English sum., index ofpersonal names; series: Prace Monograficzne – Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie, 1001 Jarosław Kita and Maria Korybut-Marciniak (eds), Kariera w optyce prywatności [Career and Privacy], Łódź–Olsztyn, 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 364 pp., selected bibliography; series: Życie prywatne Polaków w XIX wieku, 9 Monika Bednarczuk, Katarzyna Filutowska, Marta Kopij-Weiß, and Mirja Lecke, Kulturtransfer in der Provinz. Wilna als Ort deutscher Kultur und Wissenschaft (1803-1832), ed. by Monika Bednarczuk, Wies-baden, 2020, Harrassowitz Verlag, VI, 251 pp., bibliography, index Jakub Grudniewski, Pruska elita władzy na Górnym Śląsku 1871-1918 [The Prussian Political Elites in Upper Silesia, 1871-1918], Katowice, 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 512 pp.,index of personal names, annexes, bibliography, English and German sum. Klaus Richter, Fragmentation in East Central Europe. Poland and the Baltics, 1915-1929, Oxford, 2020, Oxford University Press, 368 pp., ills, maps, index Zbigniew Girzyński, Jarosław Kłaczkow, Tomasz Łaszkiewicz, and Przemysław Olstowski (eds), „Zanim zbudowano Gdynię...”: wpływ odrodzenia państwa w 1918 roku na procesy modernizacyjne ziem polskich [Before Gdynia Was Built: How Poland’s Revival in 1918 Influenced Modernisation Processes in Its Territory], Toruń, 2020, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, 361 pp., ills, index of persons; series: O Niepodległą i jej trwanie Ralph Schattkowsky, Osteuropaforschung in Polen 1918–1939, Wies-baden, 2019, Harrassowitz Verlag, XII, 342 pp., bibliography, index Dietmar Müller, Bodeneigentum und Nation. Rumänien, Jugoslawien und Polen im europäischen Vergleich, 1918-1948, Göttingen, 2020, Wallstein Verlag, 479 pp.; series: Moderne europäische Geschichte, 17 Sebastian Rosenbaum, Między katolicyzmem i nacjonalizmem: Związek Niemieckich Katolików w Polsce w województwie śląskim 1923-1939 [Between Catholicism and Nationalism: The‘Asso-ciation ofGerman Catholics in Poland’ in Silesian Voivodeship, 1923-39], Katowice-Warszawa, 2020, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, Oddział w Katowicach, 804 pp., bibliography, German sum., indices Zofia Zakrzewska, “Cukier krzepi”. Propaganda konsumpcji cukru w Polsce w latach 1925-1932 [Sugar Strengthens: Sugar Consumption Propaganda in Poland, 1925-1932], Warszawa, 2020, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, 192 pp., list of abbreviations, bibliography, index of personal names, ills, photographs, English sum. Jarosław Tomasiewicz, W kierunku nacjokracji. Tendencje auto-rytarne, totalistyczne i profaszystowskie w polskiej myśli politycznej (1933–1939): narodowcy – narodowi radykałowie – narodowi socjaliści [Toward Nationcracy. Authoritarian, Totalistic, and Pro-fascist Trends in Polish Political Thought of1933–1939], Katowice, 2019, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 412 pp., bibliography, English and German sum., index; series: Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach, 3822 Leon Rappaport, Komitet Pomocy Uchodźcom Polakom w Wilnie (19września 1939 - 1 stycznia 1941) [The Committee for Aiding Polish Refugees in Wilno (19 September 1939 to 1 January 1941)],ed. by Alicja Gontarek, Lublin 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 180 pp., bibliography, ills, index Carlos Alberto Haas, Das Private im Ghetto: Jüdisches Leben im deutsch besetzten Polen 1939 bis 1944, Göttingen, 2020,Wallstein Verlag, 370 pp.; series: Das Private im Nationalsozialismus, 3 Marek Barański, Wspomnienia 1943-1989 [Memoirs, 1943-1989], with foreword by Jan Żaryn, Warszawa, 2020, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 488 pp., index, ills Paweł Machcewicz and Andrzej Paczkowski, Wina, kara, polityka. Rozliczenia ze zbrodniami II wojny światowej [Crime, Punishment, Politics: Reckoning with the Second World War Crimes], Kraków, 2021, Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN, Wydawnictwo Znak Horyzont, 640 pp., list of abbreviations, bibliography, index of personal names, ills and sources thereof Anna Dobrowolska, Zawodowe dziewczyny. Prostytucja i praca seksualna w PRL [Professional Girls: Prostitution and Sex Work in the Polish People’s Republic], Warszawa, 2020, Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej, 233 pp., bibliography, photographs, ills, index of personal names Michał Jarmuż, Problemy mieszkaniowe w PRL w latach siedem-dziesiątych XX wieku w świetle dokumentów osobistych [Housing Problem in the Polish People’s Republic in the 1970s in the Llight of Personal Documents], Warszawa, 2020, Instytut Historii PAN, 225 pp., bibliography, index of personal names Martyna Grądzka-Rejak and Jan Olaszek, Holokaust, pamięć, powielacz: zagłada Żydów i okupacyjne stosunki polsko-żydowskie w publikacjach drugiego obiegu w PRL [The Holocaust, Memory, and Duplicating Machines: The Extermination of the Jews and Polish-Jewish Relations during the Nazi Wartime Occupation in Underground Samizdat Publications in Communist Poland], Warszawa, 2020, Biblioteka „Więzi”, 279 pp., tables, ills Rafał Stobiecki, Historiografi a PRL. Zamiast podręcznika [Polish Historiography of the Communist Period: An Alternative to a Textbook], Łódź, 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 289 pp., index of personal names, bibliography and biographical lexicon ofthe Polish historians of the 1945-89 period.

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От ЛУКА до ЛЕКА и до родословното дърво на живота

Author(s): Zdravka Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The article analyzes contemporary research on early microbial evolution starting from LUCA (Last universal common ancestor) to the establishment of the two branches of the empire (superkingdom) Prokaryota – Archaea and Bacteria. Under discussion are the basic stages and driving forces of biochemical, physiological and biological evolution of acetogens and methanogens and the role of genetic divergency and natural selection for the creation of microbial diversity. An attempt was made for the representation of different views on the origin of the nucleus and other cellular components, connected to the evolution of the eukaryotic cell.

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МЕТЕОРИ - основни понятия и терминология – II част

Author(s): Valentin Velkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

This article discusses some basic concepts related to meteor astronomy, as well as the use of the correct terminology when working in Bulgarian. Due to the huge volume of topics, this is the second part of an upcoming series that examines only the most general principles in meteor science. The article can serve the public observatories and similar structures related to the teaching of amateur astronomy (due to the lack of such literature in Bulgarian), and meteor phenomena will continue to attract the attention of a wide range of people, giving them mostly a strong emotional impact!

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