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Психологически трудности на левите ни идеолози

Author(s): Martin Tabakov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

The consistent and logical assessment for the so-called “Socialist system” is „state Capitalism“ and all Marxist tenets about Capitalism -- class, class struggle, exploitation, nepotism, comprador bourgeoisie….should be applied to this system. Also the consistent and logical Marxist assessment of the actions of “Czarist Rus-sia" and USSR to Bulgaria would be being imperialistic. But although until 1940 Bulgarian Marxists sharply criticized „Czarist Russia“, Bulgarian Left today find it difficult to make such assessments.The reasons are not theoretical but psychological. As consecutive Marxists, they should come to uncomfortable conclusions about the System and about „Czarist Russia“ and USSR But for biographical reasons they have a deep personal sympathy for them. They believe that their prosperity has behaved to the "System", which in turn is the result of the occupation of Bulgaria from the USSR. And any negative assessment would be for them the attempt to destroy the world they have created and believe that this world was real, and challenging their value system. And often prefer to ignore all facts and logical analyzes, but to maintain their mental balance and to live in their artificial but beautiful world.

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Магическата база на съзнанието

Author(s): Liuben Sivilov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

The author uses the descriptions of magic in Homer to distinguish between three components of magic: 1) the impression made by magic, which is somewhat similar to the philosophical terms “astonishment”, “amazement”, “surprise”; 2) the capacity for discrimination, which functions similarly to dialectics; 3) its kinship with science, which becomes evident when the achievements of cosmology, art, biopsychology, neurology, are interpreted in a relevant way. Through such an analysis, it becomes easy to identify the magical techniques lying at the basis of human consciousness.

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Ренесансовият скептицизъм на Санчес в „Quod nihil scitur“

Author(s): Krasimir Delchev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

The article analyzes the skepticism of Francisco Sanchez.

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Changes in aggression and stress in perpetrators and victims of domestic violence due to the “Blue Cards” procedure

Author(s): Aleksandra Maria Rogowska,Zofia Kardasz,Sebastian Wicher / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 10/2020

The research aimed to examine changes in stress and aggression syndrome among victims and perpetrators of domestic violence while participating in the “Blue Cards” procedure. The study participants were 30 female domestic violence victims, ranged in age between 27 and 58 years (M = 4,33; SD = 9,19), and 30 male perpetrators of domestic violence aged between 22 and 56 years old (M = 36,97; SD = 10,06). Aggression syndrome was measured using the Inventory of Psychological Aggression Syndrome (IPSA II), and the stress level was assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The prospective study used a test-retest procedure. Both aggression and stress were examined in the whole sample of 60 individuals twice: at baseline and six months after the “Blue Cards” procedure was introduced. Participants have rated self-report aggression syndrome and stress, and also they have assessed the aggression syndrome of his/her partner. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank tests have been used for test-retest comparisons. The results show that active participation in assistant activities decreased the level of stress in domestic violence victims and their perception of perpetrators’ aggression syndrome. The “Blue Cards” procedure may be considered an effective method of supporting victims and preventing domestic violence among perpetrators.

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Cooperation between religion teachers and police psychologists in the prevention of domestic violence

Author(s): Anna Zellma / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 10/2020

This article aims to show the importance of cooperation between religion teachers and police psychologists in preventing domestic violence. The method of analysis of the literature and state documents (e.g. the law of education) is used. The conclusions were presented in a synthetic way. It has been noted that the cooperation of religion teachers with police psychologists serves to eliminate risk factors that can lead to domestic violence. The parties must therefore remain open towards one another, be ready to engage in dialogue and share knowledge and experience in the area of the prevention of domestic violence.

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Jakiego chcemy uniwersytetu?

Author(s): Jerzy Marian Brzeziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

Brzeziński examines the threats for the classic concept of university rooted in the reform of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin introduced by Wilhelm von Humboldt (1812). The canon of values linked to “academic culture” is being supplanted by a set of values (or, rather, anti-values) characteristic of “corporate culture” (with the underlying approach expressed in B. R. Clark’s book: Entrepreneurial universities). Universities should carry out three missions: aiming for the truth (scientific research), delivering knowledge (teaching), and undertaking formation work (education). What is essential for the university is not just to focus on scientific achievements and knowledge transfer but also to shape new elites for a democratic, free, open, and creative civic society.

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Literackie figury domu w prozie Danuty Mostwin

Author(s): Jolanta Pasterska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The paper attempts to describe the literary figures of the home in Danuta Mostwin’s seven-volume “Polish saga” (Dom starej lady, London 1958, Ameryko! Ameryko!, Warszawa 1981, Cień księdza Piotra, Warszawa 1985, Szmaragdowa zjawa, Warszawa 1988, Tajemnica zwyciężonych, London 1992, Nie ma domu, Lublin 1996, Słyszę, jak śpiewa Ameryka, London 1998). The biography of the author of Dom starej lady matches the biographies of multigenerational Polish families that had endured the partitions of Poland, wars, communism, and exile. This autobiographical feature become the substrate for most of Mostwin’s novels. The deliberations, set in the context of philosophical and axiological as well as literary theory findings show the transformations in the creation of the figure of the home in these prose writings. The evolution of the imagery of the home ranges from an Arcadian home to an “anti-home”, “home as an ark”, and “home regained”. This corresponds to Danuta Mostwin’s philosophical position, as she considered this combination of values brought from her native country and the values acquired in the country where she settled as most optimal form of defending Polish identity in exile.

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Сравнително проучване на психичното здраве при студенти по медицина в две държави

Author(s): Elia Georgieva,Anjelika Velkova,Merve Vatensever,Nikolai Hristov,Peshka Pesheva,Joana Simeonova,Diana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

Results from many studies indicate that throughout medical education students experience high levels of stress and depression. The aim of the current study was to assess and compare Bulgarian and Turkish medical students' levels of stress and depression. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 546 students (276 foreign students from Medical University – Sofia and 270 medical students from several medical universities in Ankara). The study instrument included basic socio-demographic questions, Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ-40 items) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Turkish medical students showed higher levels of stress and depression than foreign students from Bulgaria. We found that all types of stressors in medical students had a relationship with depression. Results of our study imply that medical students need access to psychological support throughout their education.

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Banglascapes in Southern Europe: Im-mobilities, emplacements, temporalities

Author(s): / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This special issue stems from a panel we organised at the European Conference on South Asian Studies in 2018, under the title ‘Banglascapes in Southern Europe: comparative perspectives’. Not all the panel participants from that conference feature in this special issue, and not all the authors included here were present at the conference. Nevertheless, the panel represents a first important moment in which we began to collect case-studies and insights on a relatively new aspect of the so-called Bengali, or Bangladeshi, ‘diaspora’.

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Notas desde la Dirección Editorial

Author(s): Rodolfo García Zamora,Pascual G. García Macías,José Salvador Cueto Calderón / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2020

Yeiyá (“caminar” en wixárica, grupo étnico de México), revista de estudios críticos sobre ciencias sociales de los problemas y retos más importantes del mundo, y en particular de América Latina, hace su aparición a finales del 2020, año de enorme incertidumbre por la pandemia del capitalismo global que de forma inédita presenta la sincronía con una crisis civilizatoria multidimensional evidente desde los años setenta del siglo anterior, que se profundiza con la Gran Recesión económica de 2007-2010 y ahora con la doble pandemia mundial, sanitaria y económica, muestran la enorme vulnerabilidad de la humanidad y del planeta de seguir bajo los dictados del modelo de la muerte neoliberal y la financiarización de todos los aspectos de la economía, la sociedad, la naturaleza y la vida. Los impactos planetarios a nivel sanitario, económico, de desigualdad social creciente y de mayor ecocidio frente a un acentuado proceso de concentración de la riqueza de las corporaciones financieras, informáticas, de la salud y la industria militar obligan a promover un debate profundo sobre nuevas propuestas de organización social, de estrategias diferentes de desarrollo con la seguridad humana, el bienestar y la sostenibilidad ambiental como prioridades centrales. Lo que implica, entre otras tareas, definir el regreso del Estado al frente de las políticas sanitarias y económicas en todo el mundo como única estrategia para enfrentar los impactos y construir la salida de la doble pandemia, se convierte en una etapa de transición hacia la construcción de escenarios de posdesarrollo que erradiquen la explotación, la desigualdad, la depredación de la naturaleza y el aniquilamiento de las diferentes expresiones de la vida.

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Informal, ilegal, artesanal, tradicional, ancestral: desentrañando el entramado de los extractivismos por el oro en los ríos sudamericanos

Author(s): Eduardo Gudynas,Axel Rojas / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2020

Alluvial gold mining corresponds to extractivism. Beyond its different labels, such as informal, illegal, artisan, traditional or ancestral, an analysis following the modes of appropriation perspective shows that it is a diverse and heterogeneous set. Considering three key criteria, twelve different modes were identified. Some highlights of these modes are presented, and a case study in southern Colombia is offered as an example. We estimate that more than 1.3 million people participate in these activities in at least eight South American countries. These activities have severe social and environmental impacts, they are geographically extensive in a patchy pattern, and are frequently associated with human rights violations and violence. This heterogeneity affects the proposals for alternatives.

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Extractivismo, neoextractivismo y commoditties de ilusión desarrollista

Author(s): Elizabeth Concha / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2020

2020 is the expression of the cumulus of consequences caused by a rapacious capitalism. The degradation of the environment due to the exploitation of natural resources is growing exponentially and at a rate never seen in any other time in economic history. So, make known the alternatives to economic development and sharing knowledge of their intertwining with society are necessary in discussions anywhere, from research centers to a small community or locality, what is extractivism and neo-extractivism as a form of social relationship of economic growth based on the exploitation and destruction of natural resources, emphasize that although certain products such as minerals can be a means of economic growth, their exploitation is immersed in a developmental illusion, dominated by financialized capital, and finally its consequences and manifestations of those who recognize the importance of the land, water, air and who announce to us that without the recovery of that ancestral connection of these elements, there will be no economic development.

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La pandemia COVID-19: desafío al discurso de desarrollo bajo el modelo económico neoliberal

Author(s): A. Fabiola Urquizú Solís / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2020

El modelo capitalista neoliberal que rige el mundo en el siglo XXI, no puede negar la alarmante situación de muertes por COVID-19, así como tampoco su incapacidad para responder ante el impacto económico que está generando dicha pandemia. No tener el control hasta estos momentos de lo primero pone fuera de sus manos el control de lo segundo. La dinámica de libre mercado queda restringida ante epidemias mundiales o crisis ambientales de alto nivel. El desarrollo pensado desde “arriba” no alcanza a explicar las consecuencias que el fenómeno de crisis sanitaria mundial está ocasionando a nivel económico, social y político. El post-desarrollo empieza a tener sentido, al cuestionar el concepto de crecimiento económico y sus metas, pugnando por incluir una cosmovisión como fundamento de un nuevo modelo de desarrollo a nivel mundial. Este trabajo tiene como propósito evidenciar la necesidad de incluir nuevas formas de desarrollo que contemplen múltiples universos.

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Мнение на ресурсни учители и специалисти за влиянието на сензорната интеграция и ерготерапията върху развитието на социална компетентност при деца с разстройства от аутистичния спектър

Author(s): Snezhana S. Veleva,Snezhana H. Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Autism is a generalized developmental disorder that is characterized by quality communication disorders, social interactions, and behavioral disorders. In this presentation we present some of the results of a survey among resource teachers and professionals, in order to gather information about their attitudes and beliefs about the impact of therapeutic methods sensory integration and occupational therapy on the development of social competence in children with disorders of the autistic spectrum.

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Comparing English and Russian humour perceptions through statistical signature analysis

Author(s): Faisal L. Kadri,Ekaterina N. Zakharenko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Signature analysis is a statistical technique introduced in the 1940s in order to identify groups of statistical measures to identify aircraft from radar reflections. Other applications include particle identification in nuclear physics and dark matter location in astrophysics. Humour appreciation, or funniness scores, are empirical measures of perceived humour. Two questionnaires, one in English, the other its translation into Russian, were made available online. Each had 96 humorous sentences or jokes. The sentences were classified empirically according to four age trends. Signatures of the four classes of sentences are calculated from participant scores in six age groups. The original scores will be available to researchers for verification and further investigation from either author. The use of signature analysis in this work involves the comparison of a sentence profile with the signature of its class or category; if the profile meets a strict criterion of errors then it can be described as a best predictor of its class. One notable finding from signature analysis is the existence of offsets: displacement of a sentence profile from its type signature. We suggest that offset values are direct measures of humorousness without reference to context. In this analysis, the profiles of the Russian and English sentences are compared to each other and their graphical differences are interpreted including offsets.

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Temporal Intersections of Mobility and Informality: Simsars as (Im)moral Agents in the Trajectories of Syrian Refugees in Turkey and Germany

Author(s): Hilal Alkan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

During the Syrian conflict that sparked after the insurgency in 2011, 5,6 million Syrians sought refuge in other countries. This article looks into the informal practices that have significance in the trajectories of refugees who fled first to Turkey and then to Germany. These informal practices are directed at the facilitation of spatial and social mobilities between and within these two countries: a) cross-border migrant smuggling and, b) employment and real estate brokerage. The accounts of the research participants point to a differential moral worth attached to these two modalities of informal facilitation: they value the work of smuggling and detest the idea of other types of brokerage. These views are in direct contrast to the views by the respective states, and the article discusses the reasons behind the asymmetry of moral assessments between the refugees’ accounts and the perspective of the two states. It is argued that refugees’ differential assessment is related to how their experiences of time changed between their flight and settlement in their new homes, as well as their perception of borders.

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Essential attributes of a comprehensive theory of laughter

Author(s): John Charles Simon / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

In principle, humour studies would be significantly enhanced by a comprehensive understanding of laughter and amusement. Members of various scientific disciplines, however, often approach laughter from distinct, rather narrow, experimental or observational paradigms, and rarely make direct challenges to broader theories that are generally accepted as incomplete, but also difficult to falsify. Evaluating, comparing, and ranking such theories is possible, however, using the concept of explanatory scope. To better establish the range of questions a comprehensive theory of laughter must resolve, I reviewed 525 peer-reviewed journal articles and recorded a total of 852 topics addressed by the authors. These were categorized into 29 themes. The list provided should allow scholars to more effectively assess the strengths and weaknesses of existing laughter theories and help guide future endeavours to more fully understand this important behaviour.

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Political violence and the Kurdish conflict: A review

Author(s): Marlene Schäfers / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Zerrin Özlem Biner, States of Dispossession: Violence and Precarious Coexistence in Southeast Turkey, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2020, 264 pp., (ISBN 9780812251753). Salih Can Açıksöz, Sacrificial Limbs: Masculinity, Disability, and Political Violence in Turkey, Oakland: University of California Press, 2020, 272 pp., (ISBN: 9780520305304).Reviewed by Marlene Schäfers, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Andrew Bush, Between Muslims: Religious Difference in Iraqi Kurdistan, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2020, 240 pp., (ISBN: 9781503611436).Reviewed by Metin Atmaca, Social Sciences University of Ankara, Turkey Mneesha Gellman, Democratization and Memories of Violence: Ethnic minority rights movements in Mexico, Turkey, and El Salvador, London and New York: Routledge, 2018, 226 pp., (ISBN: 9781138597686).Reviewed by Vera Eccarius-Kelly, Siena College, United States Seevan Saeed, Kurdish Politics in Turkey: From the PKK to the KCK, London and New York: Routledge, 2017, 150 pp., (ISBN: 978-1-138-19529-5 (hbk); 978-1-315-63848-5 (ebk)).Reviewed by Michael M. Gunter, Tennessee Technological University Mohammedali Yaseen Taha, Media and Politics in Kurdistan. How Politics and Media are Locked in an Embrace, London: Lexington, 2020, 145 pp., (ISBN: 9781793611031).Reviewed by Kerem Schamberger, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany. Philip G. Kreyenbroek and Yiannis Kanakis, "God First and Last": Religious Traditions and Music of the Yaresan of Guran. Volume I: Religious Traditions, by Philip G. Kreyenbroek, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2020. XIV+188 pp., (ISBN 9783447114240).Reviewed by Martin van Bruinessen, Utrecht University, Netherlands Seyedeh Behnaz Hosseini, The Yārsān of Iran, Socio-Political changes and Migration, Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, 229 pp., (ISBN 978-981-15-2634-3).Reviewed by Hamidreza Nikravesh, Free University of Berlin, Germany Mohammed Ihsan, Nation building in Kurdistan: Memory, Genocide and Human Rights, New York: Routledge, 2017, 194 pp., (ISBN: 9781472466792).Reviewed by Ugur Ümit Üngör, NIOD Institute, University of Amsterdam

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Паноптичко друштво Џ. Орвела: механизми успостављања и одржавања моћи у роману „1984”

Author(s): Aleksandra Z. Stojanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 22/2020

The goal of the paper is to demonstrate Orwell’s society as a panoptic one, employing all of the elements of Jeremy Bentham’s Panoptical model, as well as presenting it through Foucault’s conception of the shift from punishment to discipline as stated in Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Panopticon will be presented not as a model of a prison as it was initially intended to be, but as a concept which can be applied to the entire society. The two types of power, the power of sovereignty and disciplinary power shall be applied to the novel with the aim of finding parallels between the two mentioned systems, as well as some possible contraditions and deciding which system is in place in Nineteen Eighty-Four. Constant surveillance, establishing routines and controlling activity will be discussed in terms of mechanisms for gaining and maintaining power. Hate is seen as another mechanism for establishing power and one of the key emotions implemented in group psychology of a totalitarian regime. We shall discuss the role of the collective and the individual in power relations and the way they form ”collective individualism” – a society in which one may notice both a unity of the group and an isolated individual.

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Uczucie flow i inne stany emocjonalne towarzyszące studentom neofilologom w procesie kształcenia językowego

Author(s): Krystyna Janaszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2018

The paper presents the results of survey conducted among 220 Modern Languages students of the Szczecin University. The survey concerned the feelings and emotions that accompany students during language education process. It was demonstrated that negative emotions (threat-related emotions) occur primarily in situations when the students are being assessed, particularly of the oral speech. Approximately 40% of respondents felt then various anxiety states which hinder effective coping with situations related to testing knowledge and skills. The respondents also do not like public speaking because it is subject to an excessive stress being caused by various types of anxiety. A very positive image of the emotional and affective sphere refers to conversation classes where the student is not being assessed. During classes of this nature, the feeling of flow (pleasant state of rapture) appears. Positive emotions accompany students also during meetings and talks with native speakers. The survey also shows that feeling certain (pleasant or unpleasant) emotional states is individualised and may depend on personality type, gender, as well as the progress (grades) achieved in the student’s work on the language.

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