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PROMOVAREA ȘI CONSOLIDAREA CULTURII DE SECURITATE PENTRU INFRASTRUCTURILE CIBERNETICE

Author(s): Petrișor Pătrașcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 04/2018

The large-scale actions in the cyberspace have managed to turn the attention of a large number of organizations and people, whose measures are becoming increasingly important and trying to keep up with the development of cyber-attack techniques. The dimension of the cyber-security security culture has reached global odds, becoming a useful and indispensable tool in the cyber security gear. The goal of cyber security is to protect cyber infrastructures, information and recipients of Internet services.

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COOPERAREA CIVILI-MILITARI ÎN CADRUL OPERAŢIILOR INFORMAŢIONALE

Author(s): Razvan Enache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2019

The information operations carried out at all levels (strategic, operational, tactic) can be one of the most appropriate responses that the military institution can give to modern threats. In order to achieve the objectives of information operations, firearms may sometimes be used to hit specific targets. There are also some capabilities, tools and techniques or specialized key elements which are the basis of most information activities. We identify, therefore, in the allies’ conception Civil-military cooperation/CIMIC as part of information operations and a specific tool of civil-military interaction.

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Strategy for Economic Change Management in a Commune

Author(s): Diana Dryglas / Language(s): English Issue: 9.2/2016

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodological proposal of an effective strategy for the management of economic change (SMEC) in a commune which will enable a faster adaptation to the changing environment and help gain a competitive advantage over other communes in the future. This paper defines a model of strategy for the management of economic change (SMEC) in a commune which consists of six general stages: partnership, diagnosis, strategic analysis, designing a strategy, implementation of a strategy, and evaluation of results based on the strategic management process. The paper provides implications for local partnerships established by entities initiating economic change in a commune, arguing that by using tools of a SMEC and understanding change initiatives, commune is likely to be more competitive. Proposed model of SMEC in a commune can be used by the researchers and practitioners to solve the particular issues in response to change which will broaden the theory relating to territorial units’ context.

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Interpretacje w naukach społecznych – aspekty teoretyczne i metodologiczne

Author(s): Andrzej Jabłoński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2020

Presented article offers a general overview of the interpretive approaches in the social and political sciences. The article starts with the definitions and etymology of the term “interpretation” and its synonyms. In the section 1 the author refers to the interpretive methodology of Max Weber and its actuality in the academic disciplines such as ethnography, sociology, history and law. The section 3 explains the usefulness of interpretive methods in doing research within a qualitative methodology in the social and political sciences. Sections 4 and 5 describe the nature of relations between interpretation, understanding and explanation. The last section brings attention on the application of interpretive methodology in the political science and political theory. Instead of a summary the author shares a reflection on the condition of science and a future of interpretative studies.

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Teoria polityki – powszechność interpretacjonizmu na przykładzie rekonstrukcji

Author(s): Janusz Węgrzecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2020

The article states that the interpretative approach is universal in political sciences, and especially in political theory. This universality of interpretative approach exists on both objects and meta-object levels. The object level is developed in empirical and normative-hermeneutics approaches. The meta-object level relates to determinants of theories: ontology (philosophy), axiology, theoretical approaches, ideologies. Further, the analysis focuses on reconstructive approach, when the object is both political thought and social phenomenon. In the last part, the author analyses reconstruction in anthropology of dignity approach which is a contemporary variant of personalist approach.

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AKSJONORMATYWNY PARADYGMAT NAUKI PRAWA ADMINISTRACYJNEGO I JEGO METODOLOGICZNE KONSEKWENCJE DLA NAUKI ADMINISTRACJI I NAUKI POLITYKI ADMINISTRACYJNEJ

Author(s): Sławomir Peszkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 28/2020

Normative constructions of administrative law are the function of values distinguished for the common good (public’s well-being). In parallel, administrative law creates the basis for the performance of public administration, whose differentia specifica is the realization or protection of legally relevant values in a direct manner. From the perspective of these general assumptions, it becomes justified to conceptualize the axionormative paradigm of the science of administrative law as a research concept applicable to detailed research, without the need to reconstruct the theoretical and methodological basis each time. This provides the universal theoretical and methodological basis for dogmatic studies in the field of administrative law. From the perspective of the triad of administrative science, the acceptance of the axionormative paradigm in the science of administrative law provides the basis for reconstructing theoretically adequate and coherent methodological assumptions in relation to the science of administration and the science of administrative policy. These assumptions can be put in the form of an axionormative explanatory scheme adapted to the specifics of these sciences. The assumption of an axionormative explanatory scheme in the field of science of administration and science of administrative policy allows for an adequate identification of eufunctions and dysfunctions of public administration, in a way that respects the constitutive conditions of public administration in a democratic state ruled by law.

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Between Contextualization and Comparison: A Thorny Relationship between East European Studies and Disciplinary “Mainstreams”

Author(s): Jan Kubik / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2015

The essay introduces five principles of an approach that helps to combine context sensitivity with generalizing ambition necessary for any serious comparative work. It also offers a list of five areas where East European experts are or should be making major contributions to the “general” knowledge while remaining attentive to the “specificities” of their region. It emphasizes a dialogue among scholars of several theoretical and methodological persuasions. Such synthetic/syncretic studies—also in the study of power and politics—may and often do begin with the work of researchers who construct panoramic vistas (via large-N statistical work) and/or reconstruct mechanisms of individual decision making (via game theoretic models). Nevertheless, they cannot do without the work of those who delve into the details of social processes (via sociological analysis); those who decipher the intricacies of meaning creation, transmission, and decoding (via interpretive work); and those who are able to place all of this in proper historical contexts.

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Carl Schmitt as a Resource for Democratic Consolidation Studies. The Case of the President’s Impeachment in Lithuania

Author(s): Zenonas Norkus / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2008

This article is a case study of the recent impeachment of President Paksas of Lithuania, exploring the heuristic value of Carl Schmitt’s extremalist methodology for research on the institutional dimension of democratic consolidation. This methodology considers the performance of the democratic regime under extreme or exceptional conditions as the test of its consolidation. As presidential and semipresidential regimes are predisposed to evolve into authoritarian regimes and delegative democracies, effective use of the impeachment procedure can be considered to be the positive Schmittean test of the state of democratic consolidation for a political system involved in democratic transition.

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MODELS OF INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND THE ROLE THEORY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

Author(s): Monika Maria Brzezińska / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2020

The article deals with the issue of the role theory as one of research methods concerning international leadership. It explains the concept of an international role and shows its influence on research devoted to international leadership: how it is defined, how specific models are constructed and how particular types are classified. It also indicates the interdependencies governing international roles and leaders and emphasizes the significance of the factors determining it: the conflict, quantitative and qualitative changes, significance and influence of the position and identity of other international actors on the nature of leadership. The aim of the article is to tie the role theory with the concept of leadership and to check how and to what extent this method remains effective today within the field if international relations. The article tries to verify what research questions the method answers and what questions it leaves unanswered. The theoretical research in this field will be backed up with some empirical examples referring to the case study of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). This actor constitutes a perfect exemplification of an international leader with a wide range of roles played and changed over the years. It is characterized not only by dynamics and reorientation of its foreign policy as a manifestation of the role it plays, but also by its range of adaptation skills conditioned, inter alia, by such processes as role-making, role-taking or role-learning.

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Vključevanje uporabnikov v oblikovanje in izvajanje storitev

Author(s): Ružica Boškić / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 042/2003

Na področju analize politik se od osemdesetih let 20. stoletja vse bolj postavlja vprašanje kakovosti storitev. Uporabniki in uporabnice postajajo vse bolj pomembni subjekti pri oblikovanju in izvajanju storitev javnih politik. Članek obravnava razloge, ki so privedli do tega in sodobne trende na področju vkljuèevanja uporabnikov. Med različnimičnačini vključevanja sta posebej predstavljena dva najpomembnejša. Prvi je demokratični model, ki temelji na načelu državljanstva; drugi je potrošniški model, kjer je uporabnik obravnavan kot potrošnik. Vključevanje uporabnikov je obravnavano na splošno, tovrstna konceptualna izhodišča pa je možno aplicirati tudi na različne sektorske politike, kot na primer na analizo stanovanjskega področja.

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The Paradoxes and Manipulation in Turkish Parliamentary Elections Selection of Articles by Ugurcan Evci. Regional Correction of the Flis-Słomczyński-Stolicki Formula: The Case of Turkish Elections

Author(s): Uğurcan Evci / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2020

This paper proposes a correction to the Flis-Słomczyński-Stolicki (2019, 2020) formula for countries with large variation among their districts in terms of political divisions. The Flis-Słomczyński-Stolicki formula (FSS formula) estimates seat allocations under the Jefferson-D’Hondt method by using national vote shares, as well as other parameters that are often readily available. However, the FSS formula does not yield precise estimates in those countries where there are independent candidates, special rights assigned to minority parties, significant variation in district sizes, or an unequal distribution of votes due to ethnic or other regional divisions. Hence, I propose dividing the national distribution of votes into regions that satisfy the assumptions of the FSS formula within their district borders. By applying the FSS formula to regions consisting of historically and politically homogenous districts, I demonstrate that the formula’s estimates become significantly more precise. For instance, by applying the regional correction to the 2018 Turkish Parliamentary elections, as well as other Turkish elections between 2007 and 2015, I show that the formula with the correction in three separate regions improves the Loosemore-Hanby goodness of fi t estimates from 2.1 to 3.41 percentage points (95% CI). Thus, the correction might significantly improve the estimates of the FSS formula in various countries, including Spain, Peru, and Belgium.

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The Ballot Paper: a Constitutional Instrument of Electoral Democracy or a Means of Manipulating the Electorate?

Author(s): Vladyslav FEDORENKO,Volodymyr Nesterovych,Ian Bernaziuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The article portrays the ballot paper as a constitutional instrument of electoral democracy. The authors argue that the result of an election often depends on the form, the content, and the method of filling out the ballot. It is shown that a ballot is an election instrument of standard form, by means of which a voter votes for candidates and/or lists of candidates, and which later allows to establish the election results. It is concluded that the definition and classification of ballot types has not only theoretical but also practical value. In particular, this issue is of great practical significance in four cases: 1) simultaneous elections of differing types (sometimes including a simultaneous vote at a referendum); election of candidates for elective offices under different types of electoral systems or different types of territorial constituencies; 3) the vote count and establishing the outcome of the election; 4) prosecuting criminals for the illegal use of ballots.

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Political Preferences of QCA Methods Institutes? A Comment on the Availability and Gender Gap Disparity Problems

Author(s): Dawid Tatarczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2021

In this research note, I examine a set of two interrelated questions about the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) methods institutes. First, I assembled and analyzed a novel dataset that tracks every QCA related training worldwide from 2002 to 2018. My examination finds that although QCA trainings are becoming more popular in Europe, the US is still the single most frequent host country for such events. Secondly, I examine the extent to which gender gap exists among QCA instructors. My findings show that female QCA instructors are severely under-represented, which likely limits their academic and professional opportunities. Thus, the QCA research community appears to be marked by the same structural challenges to diversity and gender equality as other areas of political science. Overall, this paper should of interest to scholars interested in the impact of academic infrastructures on future research trajectories as well as those concerned about gender equality in academia.

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Deliberative Democracy: The Case of Slovenia

Author(s): Miro Haček,Simona Kukovič / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2020

In Europe and across the world, many countries are turning to deliberative democracy to reform their constitutions, and in many others this question is high on the political agenda. Such transformation also shuffles quite radically the role of the citizenry regarding constitutional changes. Traditionally such changes are the sole responsibility of elected officials in collaboration with experts. With the deliberative turn, many more actors may be involved in the designing of constitutions, from citizens both individually and collectively in the forms of informal associations to various civil society organisations. The main aim of this paper is to analyse potential of deliberative democracy in Slovenian national setting, therefore authors are analysing a) framework of constitution making dynamics and b) most successful deliberative democratic tools and opportunities developed so far on both national and sub-national levels of the Slovenian government. As deliberative democracy is well known political phenomenon, we will start not by yet another theoretical pandemonium, but with less-known Slovenian contribution to the global development of deliberative model.

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Kod geopolityczny – koncepcja teoretyczna i metodologiczna

Author(s): Piotr Lewandowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 61/2019

The article deals with geopolitical codes in relation to theoretical and methodological assumptions of social and political sciences. Geopolitical codes are considered in broad reference to the cultural and national codes of mythical narratives. The aim of this article is to transform cultural codes into analytical and methodological categories. The article includes an analysis of the concept of geopolitical code, its definition, and its classification as a set of social ideas. The text verifies the basic assumptions of geopolitical code: its structure, functions and possibilities of verification in the existing research methods of social, political and security sciences. The author also draws attention to the role of geopolitical codes in forming the state’s information security policy.

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ADRIAN TYSZKIEWICZ, PIOTR BOROWIEC (RED.), TEORIE I PODEJŚCIA BADAWCZE GEOPOLITYKI

Author(s): Witold J. Wilczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2020

Review of: Witold J. Wilczyński - Adrian Tyszkiewicz, Piotr Borowiec (red.), Teorie i podejścia badawcze geopolityki , Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2020, ss. 640, ISBN 978-83-233-4854-2

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TÜRKİYE’DE KATILIMCI YÖNETİM VE YÖNETİŞİMİN UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİNİN 11. KALKINMA PLANI ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Author(s): Ferit İZCİ,Didem Geylani / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 22/2021

It is widely recognised that Turkish public administration has significant issues that have been the subject of public debate for a long time. Traditional public administration principles are ineffective in light of these issues. Early on, the main issues were over-centralisation, confidentiality in administration, and being cut off. Although concrete steps have been taken, no precise results have been produced as a result. However, in today's modern states, the traditional understanding of public administration has been completely overturned. An approach based on ineffective, opaque, accountable, democratic, and participatory governance was replaced by an understanding based on effective, transparent, accountable, and participatory governance. Turkish President Erdoğan stated that serious and well-thought-out steps had been taken in recent years, particularly in relation to Turkey's goals for 2023. An essential step toward resolving this issue is approaching it differently than the previous Eleventh Development Plan (2019-2023). The Plan includes participation and good governance, and its basic principles are defined. As a result, the current study aims to evaluate the Turkish public administration's use of democracy and suitable governance methods for the Eleventh Development Plan, as well as to develop several new proposals. A thorough literature review was conducted, and alternative projections were evaluated in the development plan based on the data obtained.

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Internetowa aktywność młodych dorosłych – raport z badań empirycznych

Author(s): Agnieszka Pazderska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article presents the results of empirical research on the Internet activity of young adults. New communication and information technologies affects almost every aspect of life. Young adults have had contact with cyberspace from an early age, which means, unlike the older gneration, the Internet is their natural living environment. Te main purpose of the analysis of the collected empirical material was to indicate the level of online activity of the respondents. This article is an attempt to examine the reletionship between the respondents' activity in the virtual space and their socio-demographic characteristic (age, gender, level of education, place of residence), the amount of time spent on the Internet, interest in politics, political views and participation in parliamentary elections. The research hypothesis is the assumption that young adults were characterized by low levels of Internet activity. The results of the study support the hypothesis and show that the respondents were characterized by low level of Internet activity. Moreover, there was a correlation between the time spent on the Internet, interest in politics, political views and participation in parliamentary elections. The surveyed group declaring that they use the Internet for more than 4 hours a day, able to define their own political views, participating in elections, and indicating that their interest in politics is high or very high was characterized by a higher level of online activity.

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LEVERAGING STRUCTURED ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES TO RECOGNIZE PERSONAL AND GLOBAL HEALTH CRISES

Author(s): Randolph H. PHERSON / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2021

The US medical system suffers from serious structural flaws that make it hard for patients to get a proper diagnosis. Currently, doctors are highly incentivized to order tests and initiate treatments and often fail to take the time needed to diagnose a problem. If doctors had more time to engage with their patients and apply critical thinking techniques, both parties would reach a more satisfactory outcome. Moreover, incorporating Structured Analytic Techniques into the practice of medicine writ large would benefit the global community as recognition of—and reaction to—looming health security crises. Structured Analytic Techniques help doctors recognize lead indicators of an emerging health security crisis and overcome well-entrenched mental mindsets. The techniques provide a ready „tool kit” for doctors practicing the emerging discipline of health security intelligence.

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Koncept energetske sigurnosti u suvremenim sigurnosnim studijama

Author(s): Jelena Radić Đozić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2021

The term ‘energy security’ has been so ubiquitous that it seems transparent and understandable. But that is just an illusion – the usage of the term is controversial, often too holistic, indicating underdevelopment of the concept itself. Most diverse questions have been discussed under the term ‘energy security’ – they are, however, bound together only by the term ‘energy’ as their common denominator. In this paper, it is assumed that this concept is currently growing in importance as the consequence of a new role assigned to the gas trade between the EU and the Russian Federation since 2000, as an externality of the use of this trade in power politics, of its politicization and attempts at securitization. It will be shown that this concept is a semantically ingrained construct; as an analytical concept it is empty – its meaning is already contained in the economic security sector, and even more so in the (foreign) political security sector. Explication and redefinition of the concept of energy security in the current context contribute to the improvement of theoretical delineation and deeper understanding of empirical implications of its usage. As a discursive practice, the concept determines what is to be considered a problem, and it may cause difficulties in economic cooperation.

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