Politička ekonomija prijelaznog društva
Review of: Adolf Dragičević „Politička ekonomija prijelaznog društva“; Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1991., 314 p by: Ivan Vuković
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Review of: Adolf Dragičević „Politička ekonomija prijelaznog društva“; Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1991., 314 p by: Ivan Vuković
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The aim of this paper is to analyse the fundamental principles of Islamic economics and finance in the context of the principles of political economy. The objective is to identify the concept and the framework of Islamic political economy and test whether Islamic economics actually is political economy. In the last twenty years many authors have tried to identify impacts of Islamic financial institutions on economic and social development of countries. However, the literature in the field of Islamic economics has not given the unanimous position on Islamic political economy. Starting at the point of ontological and epistemological aspects of Islamic economics, this paper analyses only the principles of political economy comparing and discussing them in the context of the Islamic attitude towards economics. The outcomes of this research confirm high levels of correlation between Islamic economics and political economy which further confirm that Islamic economics is also political economy and not only economics. This implies that Islamic economics, in both substance and form, is morally economic; thereby systematically integrating a state and the markets within it into its considerations. Consequently, this research identifies Islamic political economy as a moral aspect of political economy.
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Reflecting on the modern public role of the media, this paper will review the institutional framework for their operation, with special emphasis on the role of the state. Using the political economy framework, the analysis will show that the shift of the social system, from socialism with its models of public ownership and planned economy to a liberal democracy with a capitalist market economy, influenced the functioning of the media, using the example of Vjesnik as a highly successful company during socialism that was ruined and extinguished in capitalism. This is a part of a wider phenomenon resulting from the disruptive effects of capitalist economies, where an increasing number of social relationships is reduced to economic relationships and the state as an institution, rather than protecting the interests of its citizens, acts in the interest of big capital.
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The main aim of this paper is to discuss standard explanations of the causes respective to each wave of economic regionalism and to introduce an alternative approach suggesting the existence of a common mechanism driving all three periods of intensified economic integration. This study argues for the general logic to economic regionalism based on the balance mechanism. Proposed mechanism embraces standard theoretical explanations and places them into a broader context of general encompassing logic common to all three occurrences of economic regionalism. For acquiring empirical evidence of this mechanism, all three waves of regionalism and their causes are analysed as well as on one particular case of the third wave of regionalism - ASEAN-China FTA. Central motivation is the existence of plethora of factors leading to the preference of the regional trade strategies in particular time periods without offering explanation common to all three main occurrences of regionalism. However, this study argues that every instance of economic turmoil leads to protectionist tendencies in the form of economic regionalism followed by the multilateral trade liberalisation mitigating negative effects of protectionist tendencies.
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The goal of this study was to investigate the dynamics of decision making under risk. In three experiments this dynamics have been explored with respect to probability of outcome and with respect to frame, i.e. the way the outcomes of the alternatives have been specified. The process of decision making was explored within a framework of expected utility and Prospect theory. The outcomes of alternatives as well as their probabilities were quantitatively specified (so that the expected value of a risk alternative was equal to the value of a non-risk alternative). The results of experiments indicate that the attitude towards risk (risk-proneness vs. risk-averseness) depends on the outcome probability and the way the outcomes were specified (i.e. positive/negative frame). It was also demonstrated that content strongly affects the choices made in decision making. This outcome is somewhat unexpected and requires additional empirical evaluation.
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Introduction. The article presents a study on the problem of globalization and regionalization in the development of modern society. The purpose of the article is to identify the main trends in the development of globalization and regionalization processes in the development of modern society on the basis of the integration of research approaches in modern social and humanitarian knowledge. Materials and Methods. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods of system analysis, comparison and generalization of foreign and Russian studies on the globalization and regionalization development in the modern society development. Results. The authors define the economic, economic, political and socio-cultural globalization and regionalization dimension. It is noted that the processes of globalization play a key role in the evolution of the innovative development processes, significantly increasing the intensity of interaction not only between countries but also communities in all spheres of public life. In modern conditions, the world is considered as an integral economic and political space, involving the strengthening of economic actors as subjects of the world political process. The authors emphasize that globalization has a significant impact on the scientific and educational process; the course on the science and education integration activates the activities of universities, including in the field of educational innovations adaptation and the development of international relations. The problems of continuous education, mobility of knowledge and education are actualized. It is also noted that the regionalization processes are not currently regarded as derived from the processes of globalization, but serve as a basis for the emergence of qualitatively new institutional ties, contributing to the emergence of regional associations. Conclusions. The authors conclude about the revealed trends in the development of globalization and regionalization processes within the framework of modern social and humanitarian knowledge.
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With the widespread adoption of ICT technologies, platforms, social media and sharing economy businesses have emerged as models of economic organization. This paper examines their functioning on a micro level to provide a thorough critique. The theory of cognitive capitalism and opposing arguments are explored in order to bring a holistic understanding and observe how value is captured and accumulated with the use of technological apparatuses. Cognitive capitalism is not uniform, however, and recognition of the special properties displayed by networks makes it possible to identify the challenge posed by the rising array of netarchist platforms. Platform cooperativism is the proposed egalitarian and long-term sustainable counter, as it aims to design new tools in line with the commons paradigm. Finally, the paper provides key insights into the specifications, difficulties, and next steps required to lead to better platform co-ops and a better future.
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In the time of the European crisis, I find actions motivated by excessive attention paid to the financial and economic matters in analysing its reasons and the search for ways of amending it largely insufficient. Moreover, I believe it is dangerous to neglect the well-being of citizens understood more broadly than just a deficit of financial resources. In this paper, basing on research into finding correlates of subjective well-being of individuals, believing that they are the most effective measure of the quality of policies of any given government, I want to show an alternative approach to the current mainstream theories of happiness. I present a comparison of two dominant indexes used for measuring the quality of governance (IEF - Index of Economic Freedom and GCI, Global Competitiveness Index) and juxtapose them with the relatively recently created third index (SDGI, Sustainable Development Goals Index), citing results suggesting a higher explanatory power of the latter in predicting the well-being of individuals. If those results are correct, it seem that the contemporary, deemed by some to be overly reductionist, approach to improving the well-being of individuals is wrong and a different attitude should at least be considered. One of the „different attitudes” is presented in short in the form of a list of goals within the paradigm of sustainable development.
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In the article, on the grounds of a perfect type of bureaucracy by Max Weber, is represented description of the bureaucratic organization and list of features connected with military organization in peacetime. In the following sections, dysfunctions of bureaucratic organization based on Robert Merton’s view, were presented and compared with military organization realizing assignments outside the country. The aim of this article is to compare two countenances of military organizations in peacetime and time of war during accomplishing tasks outside of the fatherland.
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The aim of the article is to discuss and distinguish the notion of decentralisation within time, institutional economics and political organisation of States, as well as the role of decentralisation in the context of those political organisations. The differences between the notions of decentralisation and federalism are differentiated in order to avoid misinterpretations of the notions.
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Abstract. The author has ascertained that considerable changes of the techno-economic paradigm facilitate transformations of components of a communication process, a system of rules underlying its function, and a mechanism of its influence on development of economic systems of all levels. Changes of social forms of space and time stipulate new realities of economic practices. The author has substantiated that mass self-communication becomes forcing power for contemporary economic communications and ambiguously influences constituent norms of a market: empathy, depersonalized trust, complicated utilitarianism, and purposeful rational behaviour.
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Utility is a fundamental notion of orthodox (mostly neoclassical) economics, but as it is an idea, that is very vague and thus impossible to define and measure, it did a lot of harm to economics as a science. Therefore, I strongly argue that this outdated and imprecise concept should be finally abandoned, especially as a basis for microeconomic consumer theory, because it is not only illogical, but also ideologically not neutral, and thus unscientific. For sheer inertia, the concept of utility, as a basis for microeconomic theory, is taught to the students, thus corrupting the young minds. Furthermore, the present financial and economic crisis, the most serious since the 1930s, should force the economists from the academia to seriously revise the foundations of microeconomic theory, and, as logical consequence, rewrite the handbooks in microeconomics. I do not merely argue that the utility theory defies both logic and empirical justification, as many authors did it before me. I argue that the very notion of utility is unscientific, and was kept in microeconomic books only because of sheer inertia, but this way it made a lot of harm to the science of economics, and, as a result to the real economies. I also argue that the subjectivist theory of value should be replaced with an objectivist one, based on value of labour
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The paper analyses the feasibility of a common currency for the East African Community (EAC), which comprises Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. The paper discusses theoretical insights on the benefits and costs of a common currency. It then uses the introduction of the common European currency, the euro, as a potential yardstick to assess the feasibility of a common currency in East Africa. The paper analyses the readiness of the EAC’s economies for a common currency as measured by relevant indicators. It concludes that some caveats are in order with regard to the feasibility of a common East African currency at the present point in time.
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A distinctive feature of the integration processes taking place in the modern economy is the growing function of expanded free trade areas (FTA+). The aim of the paper is to characterise their nature and framework, with the starting point being the definition of a free trade area created by Balassa. In this context, the author examines the difference between the traditional definition of a free trade area and the features of FTA+. In doing so, he uses selected TTIP issues that go beyond the classical definition of a free trade area. This also applies to the flow of capital and financial services, as well as the potential impact of TTIP on international payment imbalance.
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Topic of the article is continuity of socialist power njith previous communist in Serbia, analysed mostly in its economic aspect. Starting point of the analysis is that one of basic constitutive institution of former social system is social/state property, and economy founded on it is completely remaining in spite of abandoning of communist heritage. Development of private sector could not have important influence on economic structure, for privatization of social property have been hindered by political means. That provide evidence that in the last years in Serbia, in the economic realm, nothing is changed edžcept remarkable fall of national income. For type of socio-economic mediating springs out from the type of property, all social institution and nstruments of command economy are unchanged in the former forms. That means that prevails basic economic structure of former socialist system. Its main trait is that political ponjer suprime organizer and arbitar in economic transaction. Thus, it is evident that after introduction of one type of political pluralism Serbian economy still have command character.
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In terms of the evolution of political development to democratization, many topics are considered to be important in the comparative politics literature. These include: income and democracy, political institutions and comparative development, constitutional design and democracy, political culture, political participation and level of economic development. In this regard, priority should be given to identifying the necessary elements, which help understand the concept of political development, rather than trying to define the concept. Therefore giving definitions of political development should be avoided and topics regarding political development should focus more on content.
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Private consumption is one of the main cornerstones of economic growth in any country. Retail sales also play an important role in today’s society and in the national economy as it introduces and develops new technologies in customer service, provides jobs and increases the welfare of society. Adapting to customer needs and requirements gives the company, on the one hand, the opportunity for further development and increase of competitiveness, but, on the other hand, it necessitates organizing customer service and improving the use of existing resources for the management of the customer service process. In order to identify the factors for effective management of communication with customers, the authors aim to study the factors characterizing and influencing the effectiveness of retail contact centers. To accomplish that, the authors of the article with a monographic or descriptive method investigate the theoretical basis of efficiency management, analyze the trends of the retail sector in Latvia and investigate the application of the principles of Queueing theory to ensure the efficiency of customer service of Latvian retail companies. This research will give companies an insight into the theoretical and real factors of the queueing theory. In the end of the study, the authors conclude that by exploring the factors of the queueing theory, the company can manage this process and maybe it is one of the tools for competitiveness.
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The purpose of the article theoretical analysis and generalization of the preconditions of culture industrial management, which will contribute to the cultural enrichment of science with new knowledge about the formation of the management culture in the industrial society. The methodology of the research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, sociocultural and historical approaches, the fundamental tenets of the theory and history of culture management. Used General scientific and interdisciplinary methods of research: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, generalization, formalization. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in identifying objective prerequisites for the emergence of culture industrial management.
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The paper discusses the contradictions of state policy in the sphere of public ownership. It is noted that in the Ukraine there is a movement towards liberalization of all areas of public life which, on the one hand, justifies itself in the context of deregulation of certain spheres of the economy but, on the other, assumes a threatening character with regards to the unwarranted privatization of public property, etc. The inconsistency of the dominant scientific point of view on minimizing the participation of the state as the owner (entrepreneur) is emphasized. It is proposed that a system of innovative enterprises be created that would be able to accelerate the renovation of production in Ukraine. A new approach to the creation of state-owned enterprises has been developed. The expected results of the activity of the newly created state-owned enterprises and the directions of their further transformation are determined. The proposals presented in the paper will ensure the growth of the production potential of the domestic economy, which will be key to the accelerated socio-economic development of Ukraine.
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This paper investigates whether there was an opportunity cost for two African states (Chad and Malawi) in recognising the Republic of China (ROC) as the ‘One China’ over the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the period between 2001 and their respective year of switching, which in turn could explain the direction of the switches. In this paper, opportunity cost was operationalised as relative economic loss (as measured through export volumes to either China) incurred that could have otherwise been avoided or compensated for by recognising the PRC over the ROC. In the timeframe studied, after two years for Chad and after one year for Malawi, both countries saw exponentially increased export volumes to the PRC once they affected a switch in recognition from the ROC, since recognising the PRC is concomitant with entering politically-enhanced bilateral economic relations at the behest of the economically stronger PRC. This indeed indicates an opportunity cost, and pursuit of realpolitik by the African countries studied who have switched back-and-forth between the two Chinas based on the prospective gains to be made.
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