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A ‘Happy’ Coincidence: Cognitive Capitalism and Well-Being Enhancement in Schools

Author(s): James Reveley / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

‘Almost certainly we are witnessing a shift to...a market individualism of neoliberalism where the self is shaped as a utility maximiser, a free and contractual individual, who is self-constituted through the market choices and investment decisions that he/she makes....In the face of increasingly technical and functional forms of literacy and of schooling, we might inquire whether school in an age of consumerism promotes a relation to the self based on truth-telling or whether this relation has been replaced by another primary ethos: happiness, security, survival, success, ‘self-improvement,’ wealth.’ (Besley and Peters, 2007: 18)

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A „jó anya” mítosza Magyarországon a reproduktív munka és a piac globális történetének szempontjából

Author(s): Gergely Csányi,Szabina Kerényi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 24/2018

Based on Foucault’s theory of the soul, as well as the methodological insights of Fernand Braudel and world-systems analysis, in our paper we demonstrate how the myths of the good and the bad mother were created by certain actors during the various cycles of the capitalist world system, and how these myths have been embedded into the logic of capitalistic accumulation. We show how these myths, on the one hand, contributed to securing the unpaid reproductive labour necessitated by accumulation, and on the other hand, supported a new market segment from the 19th century onwards. First we present an outline of the history of the myth of the good mother at the core of the world system, then we summarise the socialist myth of the good mother. Finally, we use empirical examples to illustrate the contemporary Hungarian myth of the good mother.

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A háziasszony és munkája a kapitalizmusban

Author(s): Wally Seccombe / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 24/2018

One of the significant figures of the “domestic-labour debate” in the United States of the 1970s was Wally Seccombe, who was among the firsts to understand the centrality of housewives’ labour to capitalism through Marxist terminology. He consistently applied the value theory of labour to the reproduction of labour itself, challenging both Marxist and bourgeois economic approaches which did not consider domestic labour as a structural part of the capitalist mode of production, and therefore participated in making the labour and position of housewives ‘invisible’. For Seccombe, the fundamental and unsolved duality of domestic labour is that while it constantly creates value through the reproduction of commodified labour, it is not recognized as productive labour since it is not directly related to capital and does not produce surplus value. Therefore, domestic 258 FORDULAT 24 labour is not renumerated by any wage, which has important consequences for the social position, conscience and possibilities of the housewife. Reproductive work necessary for the sustainment of her husband, her children and herself is presented as a natural female obligation and charity, masking the fundamental deception of capitalism that wage is in fact not meant to be for labour, but for the reproduction of the labour force. Domestic labour signifies her total material dependence from her husband and her isolation from the public sphere, which together limit her possibilities to represent her own interests and to take part in collective resistance. Between the industrial and the domestic domain lies therefore the most remarkable fault line of the working class, which turns members of the same household silently against each other and excludes housewives from the sphere of collective organization and struggle.

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A Historical Development of Neo-liberalism

Author(s): Davor Pauković / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Neo-liberalism is, undoubtedly, today’s dominant economical and political ideology. This paper is an attempt to give a general outline of where it derived from, what was it based on, and how it became the leading driving force in the field of economy and politics.

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A LOGICAL APPROACH TO THE CONCEPT OF INSTITUTIONAL RESILIENCE

Author(s): Diana-Maria Driga / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The paper intends to clarify the concept of institutional resilience and proposes a logical formalization of this concept. In the first part of the paper some clarifications were made regarding the effects of disturbances on the systems and the conceptual family of resilience was proposed. In the next part of the paper, the concept of resilience and the concept of institutional resilience were defined. In order to define the concepts within this paper, a logical approach was proposed by identifying the sufficiency predicates of each concept and performing their logical analysis. The concept of institutional resilience, as a species of the resilience genre, was defined by identifying two additional sufficiency predicates, compared to the general case of the concept of resilience. In the last part of the paper, a logical formalization of the institutional resilience concept was proposed.

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A logit analysis of development and democracy. The Romania's case

Author(s): Mihai Mutascu ,Anne-Marie Fleischer / Language(s): English / Issue: Spec/2011

The paper analyzes empirically, in Romania’s case, the relationship between economic development (dependent variable) and its political factors (independent variables). The analysis is based on the construction of a linear “Logit Model” and the data set is covering the period 1926- 2007. The main results show that, in Romania’s case, which the economy has an expansive and competitive market, the economic development, can be accompanied, by high levels of democratization, with high political stability, on a republican base, but this is not a rule.

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A NER gazdaságtana

Author(s): Rafael Pablo Labanino / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2-3/2020

Scheiring Gábor: Egy demokrácia halála. Az autoriter kapitalizmus és a felhalmozó állam felemelkedése Magyarországon Budapest, Napvilág Kiadó, 2019, 342 oldal, 1920 Ft

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A NEW APPROACH TO CREATING STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE

Author(s): Mykola Kovalenko,Larysa Velychko,Sergiy Kalinichenko,Dmytro Ziuz / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2019

The paper discusses the contradictions of state policy in the sphere of public ownership. It is noted that in the Ukraine there is a movement towards liberalization of all areas of public life which, on the one hand, justifies itself in the context of deregulation of certain spheres of the economy but, on the other, assumes a threatening character with regards to the unwarranted privatization of public property, etc. The inconsistency of the dominant scientific point of view on minimizing the participation of the state as the owner (entrepreneur) is emphasized. It is proposed that a system of innovative enterprises be created that would be able to accelerate the renovation of production in Ukraine. A new approach to the creation of state-owned enterprises has been developed. The expected results of the activity of the newly created state-owned enterprises and the directions of their further transformation are determined. The proposals presented in the paper will ensure the growth of the production potential of the domestic economy, which will be key to the accelerated socio-economic development of Ukraine.

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A parasztok maguk csinálják történelmüket, de nem szabadon

Author(s): Philip McMichael / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 25/2019

This essay employs contemporary peasant mobilizing discourses and practices to evaluate the terms in which we understand agrarian movements today, through an exercise of historical specification. First, it considers why the terms of the original agrarian question no longer apply to agrarian change today. The shift in the terms corresponds to the movement from the late‐nineteenth century and twentieth century, when states were the organizing principle of political‐economy, to the twenty‐first century, when capital has become the organizing principle. Second, and related, agrarian mobilizations are viewed here as barometers of contemporary political‐economic relations. In politicizing the socio‐ecological crisis of neoliberalism, they problematize extant categories of political and sociological analysis, re‐centring agriculture and food as key to democratic and sustainable relations of social production.

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A Path to a Countermovement? Forms of Integration in Polish Consumer Cooperatives

Author(s): Aleksandra Bilewicz / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2018

A Path to a Countermovement? Forms of Integration in Polish Consumer Cooperatives

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A RADICAL REFORM PROJECT: FEDERALISM AND ETHNONATIONALISM IN THE THOUGHT OF A.C. POPOVICI

Author(s): Mihai Murariu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

THE AIM OF THIS PAPER IS TO PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE RADICAL REFORM PROJECT PURSUED BY A.C. POPOVICI. A ROMANIAN INTELLECTUAL WHO BECAME KNOWN AS A CONTROVERSIAL, YET RESOURCEFUL POLITICAL THINKER IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES, POPOVICI’S MOST FAMOUS PROJECT CAN BE FOUND IN HIS PERSISTENT ATTEMPT TO CHANGE THE NATURE OF THE AUSTROHUNGARIAN EMPIRE THROUGH A PARTICULAR PERSPECTIVE. THIS WAS A PERSPECTIVE WHICH MIXED FEDERALISATION WITH NATIONALISM AND A CONSERVATIVE, ELITIST OUTLOOK WHICH WAS SIMULTANEOUSLY HIGHLY CRITICAL OF WHAT IT SAW AS THE LEVELLING EFFECTS OF WESTERN UNIVERSALISM AND DEMOCRACY. THE PAPER LARGELY FOCUSSES ON IDENTIFYING THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECTS IN THIS REGARD, SUCH AS FEDERALISM, ETHNO-NATIONALISM, AND RACE, WHILST ATTEMPTING TO INCLUDE SOME OF THE MOST RELEVANT SOURCES WHICH WERE INSTRUMENTAL FOR THE FORMATION OF POPOVICI’S VISION. MOREOVER, AS MOST OF THE AUTHORS WHICH HAVE APPROACHED POPOVICI IN ANY SERIOUS, SYSTEMATIC FASHION ARE HISTORIANS BY FORMATION, THE PAPER SERVES TO INTRODUCE THE STUDY OF HIS THOUGHT TO CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL SCIENTISTS. DESPITE THE INHERENT CONTRADICTIONS AND POTENTIAL ISSUES ONE MAY UNCOVER IN POPOVICI’S PROJECT, THE PAPER CONCLUDES THAT HIS THOUGHT, INVOLVING FEDERALISM, ETHNIC TENSIONS, AND THE IMPACT OF MODERNITY, IS WORTH REVISITING.

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A Soros Alapítvány képzőművészeti támogatásai Magyarországon: A nyolcvanas évek második felének tendenciái

Author(s): Kristóf Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 21/2014

The following paper examines the influence of the Soros Foundation over the internal and external relations of the Hungarian art field form 1984 to 1989. More specifically, it investigates the forms and directions of fine art subsidization and their political and ideological contexts. The activities performed by the Soros Foundation in the second half of the 1980s can be seen as part of a regime change within the artistic scene. In their struggle for cultural hegemony various actors related to the Foundation were able to strengthen their counter-hegemonic artistic practices. Opposing the late socialist artistic hegemony of the Kádár regime, this also was the period when „contemporary” art appeared in Hungary for the first time. As a result, Hungarian art had been put into context with the Western art world: new dependencies were formed, within which Hungarian and Eastern European art found itself in a peripheral position. An important consequence of this was that Eastern European artists became forced to continually demonstrate their Europeanness both internally and externally.

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A System Dynamics Approach to Analysing the Effect of Clientelism on Public Organizations Performance in Italy

Author(s): Federico COSENZ / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2010

This paper tries to analyse the effects of political clientelism on the performance of public utilities and organizations in Italy. Shortly, clientelism consists in a series of reciprocal convenience-based relationships between politicians and individuals, commanding unequal resources and involving mutually beneficial transactions in terms of economic, social and political consequences. The motivation of this research stems from the fact that analysing the effect of clientelism may contribute in (1) improving the quality of electoral strategies and the resulting public policies and (2) managing the performance of public organizations according to a sustainable perspective. Hence, the key issues of the paper are the following: is clientelism a sustainable mechanism to enlarge the consensus of a given party? How does clientelistic practice impact on public organizations management and subsequent performances? What should public managers do to limit the effect of clientelism and maintain satisfying performance results in providing services towards citizens? In the light of the above questions, the paper points out the cause-and-effect relations among those variables underlying such clientelistic practices by using a System Dynamics approach which allows one to frame a complex system and understand its development over time.

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A szén-dioxid mint értékmérő. Hogyan teremt értéket és pénzt a klímaváltozás?

Author(s): Steffen Dalsgaard / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 25/2019

The introduction of the Kyoto Protocol is an attempt to save the climate through a number of schemes, or mechanisms, that commodify carbon. Among other things, these schemes create monetary incentives to reduce carbon emissions through the trade of permits and credits, and they make carbon an object of financial speculation. Most controversial is apparently the potential of carbon thus to be a universal yardstick for value by commensurating moral spheres of human action (the environment, the economy, development, etc.) that some people regard as distinct. This paper explores the consequences of the speculative aspects of carbon as a standard of value and as potential currency.on

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A szülés és a reproduktív technológiák értékelméleti megközelítése

Author(s): Kathryn Russell / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 24/2018

Social and technical changes in reproduction are drawing childbirth into the marketplace. People are creating new relations that separate genetic, gestational and social parentage. Reproductive engineering makes options of in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, surrogacy, and fetal tissue transplants. This paper explores an analogy between childbearing and social labor, arguing that the labor theory of value gives insight into the social functions of childbirth under capitalism. The valorization of childbearing is consistent with other ways of socializing the reproduction of labor power despite the capitalists need for an autonomously functioning private household sector. A value-theoretic approach is necessary to reveal how childbearing is being placed in material relation with other forms of labor under capitalism. Neither reproductive engineering nor biological difference are themselves sources of oppression for women, but when found in a historical context where value can be extracted, childbearing can become a form of alienated labor.

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A társadalombiztosítás politikai gazdaságtana. A racionális magyarázatkísérletek rövid története

Author(s): Béla Janky / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2018

This paper provides a non-exhaustive survey of the political economy literature on intergenerational redistribution. We concentrate on the explanations of the emergence, persistence and some specific features of pay-as-you-go public pension systems. The major question of the surveyed literature is how to explain the popularity of a social security system which reduces the welfare of the median voter. After a short survey of the history of the field, we present four models which represent four distinct approaches to the problem, and belong to four different periods of the history of the research program. The studies presented here highlight the possible roles of rigid institutions, an implicit intergenerational contract, intergenerational altruism and uneven lobbying capacities in shaping modern social security systems. The major novel feature of our perspective is the strong emphasis on the analysis of empirical foundations of behavioral assumptions of political economy models.

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A tőke és a gondoskodás ellentmondásai

Author(s): Nancy Fraser / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 24/2018

Nancy Fraser tracks the reconfiguration of the relations of social reproduction under successive regimes of accumulation – “separate spheres”, male breadwinner, dual-income household. Are the exactions of financialized capitalism now serving to undermine its lifeworld?

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ABD’de Yükselen Popülist Dalga ve Trumpizm: Neoliberal Küreselleşme, Ekonomik Kriz, Siyasetin İşlevsizleşmesi ve Elitizme Karşı Bir Geri Tepki mi?

Author(s): Ömer Kurtbağ / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 26/2020

This study attempts to analyse the rise of the neo-populist wave in the US, which is most evident in Donald Trump’s 2016 presidential election victory. Its main argument is that contemporary American populism shares the main traits of populism, such as anti-elitism, the rule of popular will, ideological confusion, and anti-pluralism. Secondly, it contends that the current political landscape of neo-populism has manifested through the decay of a globalised American economy and its fundamental democracy and politics, which demonstrates the need for a major overhaul of the establishment. Thirdly, the study concludes with the observation that populism may play a corrective role in the recovery of the US economy and its politics, and it suggests that if this opportunity cannot be seized then this form of populism could evolve into an illiberal democracy or even authoritarianism.

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Absolute value and diversity of household spending: analysis on International Comparison Program (ICP) 2011 data

Author(s): Denys Verba,Alevtyna Kudinova / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Research background: This article investigates the connection between consumer’s budget growth and diversification of household spending. The main question of research is “are there new drivers of modern processes of consumer spending's diversification, at a time when spending on food has reached the minimum share in the consumer budget. Purpose of the article: The objective of the article is to clarify the hypothesis about the existence of a certain limit of income (and consumer spending) after which the growing of consumer’s purchasing capacity loses power of influence on spending diversity. Methods: Theil entropy index was used for measuring the diversity of household spending. This index was defined as a sum of within-group and between-group entropy, which allows for comparing the diversification of household spending in two aggregate groups of expenditure, which were formed by the authors. The Workings’ equation was used for modeling the spending entropy’s dependence on their absolute value. Two categories of household spending were regrouped (consolidated) by us through forming a group more related to the development of human economic potential (SMRHD) and less related to these processes (SLRHD). The research was done on the basis of ICP (2011) data, which covers 178 countries and refers to 2011 year — the latest available on the moment of the article was completed. Findings & Value added: The results obtained in this research confirmed that there is a limit of household spending’s size, beyond which further increasing of consumers’ economic opportunities loses a significant impact on the diversity of consumption spending. However, the weakening of the link between size of spending and its entropy reflects impact of two qualitative differenced factors. The first is relatively much more radical decrease of spending growth influence on within-group entropy for SLRHD. The second — is relatively much less significant decrease of entropy’s sensitivity to spending growth for SMRHD. Such results reflect the increase in the importance of "non-functional demand components", which reduces the capacity of data on functional distribution of household expenditures to characterize the extent of their diversification.

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Adam Smith, Commercial Society and the Challenges of Republicanism

Author(s): Rafał Lis / Language(s): English / Issue: 25/2017

The aim of this article is to examine the challenges Adam Smith’s account of commercial society pose to republicanism. The research problem and methods: Although I do not dispense with the conventional depiction of Smith as a critic of republics, it is shown that from a republican point of view there are certain aspects in his narrative that can be more interesting. Conceptualized in this way, my argumentation is both interpretative and theoretical, describing what Smith had to say on republican issues as well as finding some elements in his considerations that could considerably enrich republican theory. To make these prospects clearer I briefly refer to some parallels to Smith’s suggestions in the republican thought of the late 18th Century. The process of argumentation: The article deals in the beginning with Smith’s criticism of republicanism, identifying its core in his general distance towards the ideals of a more ardent citizenry. In the main section it proceeds to the discussion of several elements in Smith’s considerations which could be of some value to republican theorists. Research results: According to Smith, due to their obsoleteness in the times of commercial society, which were characterized especially by the growing importance of private pursuits, republics become difficult to administer. However, one could still use some of his arguments (especially those that can be easily filtered from their doctrinal connotations) to the task of modernizing the republican tradition. Conclusions, innovations and recommendations: Smith’s considerations could be valuable to all those republican theorists who continued in their efforts to modernize their conception of a republic. Seen in this way, they can be perceived as an interesting reference point in the area of republican theorizing.

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