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Cyber Diplomacy and Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Challenges

Cyber Diplomacy and Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Challenges

Author(s): Alexandra-Cristina DINU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The application of AI in cyber diplomacy offers promising prospects for enhancing international cybersecurity efforts. AI can analyze extensive data sets and uncover patterns that may indicate cyber threats. This can equip governments and organizations with a deeper understanding of the nature and scope of cyber threats, thereby facilitating more effective responses. Additionally, AI can enable the creation of automated threat detection and response systems, thereby reducing response times and improving the overall efficacy of cybersecurity measures. Furthermore, AI can facilitate the development of predictive models that can anticipate potential cyber threats before they materialize, further enhancing the ability to address cybersecurity challenges.

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Prevention of Widespread Ransomware Cyber-Attacks through the SEAP Platform

Prevention of Widespread Ransomware Cyber-Attacks through the SEAP Platform

Author(s): Eduard-Ștefan SANDU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This scientific study aims to explore the potential for launching a cyber-attack through SEAP platform, particularly in light of the increasing use of ransomware as a tool to cause widespread damage to critical infrastructure. The study focuses on the methodology of a ransomware attack on a critical infrastructure, with a specific emphasis on the analysis of the infection process, persistence mechanism, encryption process, recovery prevention, and propagation mechanisms, as well as the communication with command and control servers.

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Utilizarea darkweb-ului cu ajutorul aplicațiilor cu inteligență artificială pentru savărșirea faptelor de natură penală

Utilizarea darkweb-ului cu ajutorul aplicațiilor cu inteligență artificială pentru savărșirea faptelor de natură penală

Author(s): Sorin-Constantin Lică,Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN,Daniela-Denisa Oiță / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Using the darkweb can be challenging for inexperienced users, as this network is often associated with illegal and dangerous activities. However, there are a number of artificial intelligence apps that can help users navigate the darkweb safely and find important information. These applications use advanced data analysis and natural language processing techniques to identify trusted websites and resources and assess the risks associated with their use. The use of the dark web for criminal purposes is associated with illegal activities such as drug sales, human trafficking, money laundering and others. Artificial intelligence applications can provide advanced tools and technologies to facilitate these activities, providing anonymity and security to users.

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UNELE ASPECTE PRIVIND PROCEDURA RELUĂRII URMĂRIRII PENALE ÎN CAZUL CONTINUĂRII URMĂRIRII PENALE LA CEREREA SUSPECTULUI SAU A INCULPATULUI

UNELE ASPECTE PRIVIND PROCEDURA RELUĂRII URMĂRIRII PENALE ÎN CAZUL CONTINUĂRII URMĂRIRII PENALE LA CEREREA SUSPECTULUI SAU A INCULPATULUI

Author(s): Gina Negruț / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The need to harmonize the provisions that regulate the institution of the resumption of criminal prosecution was a priority for the legislator, as a result of the fact that in the context of the new amendments to the provisions of Law no. 135/2010 on the Code of Criminal Procedure was stipulated as a phase of the criminal process the preliminary chamber, through which the legislator sought to respond to the requirements of legality, speed and fairness of the criminal process and to create a modern legislative framework, through which it can establish whether the procedure during the criminal prosecution was legal, so that the judgment on the merits can then be proceeded with, so as to eliminate the excessive duration of the proceedings in the trial phase. It thus became obvious that the emergence of this new phase of the criminal process determined the emergence of new institutions of criminal procedural law regulated by the legislator, so that they could respond to all aspects that arise during the course of the criminal processes in different criminal cases brought to trial, although in judicial practice in criminal procedural matters, different opinions appear relative to the interpretation and application of the rules of criminal procedural law, which are then analyzed and communicated by means of Minutes of the meeting of the prosecutors, in order to standardize the interpretation and application of the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure.

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EDUCAȚIA - LEGĂTURA ÎNTRE LIBERTATE ȘI STATUL DE DREPT

EDUCAȚIA - LEGĂTURA ÎNTRE LIBERTATE ȘI STATUL DE DREPT

Author(s): Bogdan Țonea / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The present study aims to bring some conceptual clarifications regarding the connection that exists between democracy, education and well-being, a connection that is not at all apparent, but which structures in the depths of society the way of life and well-being of a people. In today's society, freedom is not lacking, but free people are missing. People for whom freedom is assumed, understood and respected; represents the supreme social model. Democracy emphasizes more than the freedom, the spiritual and material standard of a people. Democracy radiographs are eloquent indicators of mental and material well-being. They reveal the level of civic culture and the quality of public service. Not every power resulting from the people means democracy, but only that which does not impose arbitrary laws, which presupposes a minimum of freedom of thought and opinion. By the rule of law we mean all the principles and procedures that guarantee the freedom of the individual and his participation in political life.In my opinion, the only realistic and sustainable way to maintain and promote a democratic political regime and a liberal economic regime, i.e. a liberal democracy, is the way to educate citizens and especially specialists from the state apparatus and universities in terms of understanding the mechanisms of operation of democracy as well as regarding the shortcomings and shortcomings of a democratic system.

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INTELIGENȚA ARTIFICIALĂ ȘI SISTEMUL DE JUSTIȚIE PENALĂ PROVOCĂRI ȘI OPORTUNITĂȚI

INTELIGENȚA ARTIFICIALĂ ȘI SISTEMUL DE JUSTIȚIE PENALĂ PROVOCĂRI ȘI OPORTUNITĂȚI

Author(s): Vlad Alexandru Voicescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

With the emergence and development of with artificial intelligence systems we are once again in the situation where we need to re-evaluate the system of criminal liability and the subjects of criminal law. The emergence and development of artificial intelligence raises new challenges to the penal law system. Challenges related to the liability for criminal acts committed with the help of AI systems and in relation to the necessity of developing suitable legal provisions in order to legislate this new dimension of human life. The development of AI systems may also prove to be a very useful tool for law enforcement authorities in order to tackle crime and the new trends in cyber criminality.

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ABORDAREA SISTEMULUI MANAGERIAL ÎN CONTEXTUL ACTUAL -RISCURI ȘI AMENINȚĂRI LA ADRESA ORDINII PUBLICE ȘI A SIGURANȚEI NAȚIONALE

ABORDAREA SISTEMULUI MANAGERIAL ÎN CONTEXTUL ACTUAL -RISCURI ȘI AMENINȚĂRI LA ADRESA ORDINII PUBLICE ȘI A SIGURANȚEI NAȚIONALE

Author(s): Irina Bakhaya / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

It is known that threats, risks and dangers have transnational valences, so that what happens externally can have rapid consequences in the internal plan of national security, generating effects in the plan of regional and even global security. In Romania, the national system for ensuring public order includes the whole formed by legislation, public administration authorities and bodies, specially created and trained forces and resources, which act to guarantee the rights and freedoms of citizens, the protection of public and private property and the normal functioning of the rule of law. In this article I highlighted the fact that the new emerging risks and threats force the managerial system to adapt and find the most appropriate methods that allow it to act proactively in order to reduce potential events with an impact on public order and national security.

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LE PARATEXTE, L’INCIPIT ET LA CLÔTURE NARRATIVE DANS LE ROMAN POLICIER MAIGRET SE TROMPE DE GEORGES SIMENON

LE PARATEXTE, L’INCIPIT ET LA CLÔTURE NARRATIVE DANS LE ROMAN POLICIER MAIGRET SE TROMPE DE GEORGES SIMENON

Author(s): Georgiana Ghițescu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Dans l’article « Le paratexte, l’incipit et la clôture narrative dans le roman policier Maigret se trompe de Georges Simenon » nous cherchons à découvrir les éléments paratextuels (titre, nom de l’écrivain, incipit, clôture narrative, etc.) que Georges Simenon, l’un des plus grands auteurs de romans policiers, père du fameux commissaire Maigret a choisi d’utiliser dans son roman, dans le but d’augmenter l’envie des lecteurs pour acheter son livre. Tous ces éléments ont le rôle d’offrir au lecteur les premières informations sur le livre qu’il a choisi pour lire, en l’aidant à se situer dans une perspective adéquate, « puisque s’y conjuguent la reconnaissance d’une appartenance d’un livre à un auteur (et à l’ensemble d’une œuvre) et la mise en relation de l’ouvrage à la personnalité historique que désigne le nom » .

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MIHAI CARAMAN – SPION DE ELITĂ ÎN INTELLIGENCE-UL ROMÂNESC

MIHAI CARAMAN – SPION DE ELITĂ ÎN INTELLIGENCE-UL ROMÂNESC

Author(s): Rodica-Cristina BĂLAN Liseanu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The profile of a spy of calibre in the history of Romanian intelligence is the focus of a qualitative meta-analysis that proposes to focus attention on his professional performance recorded in successful operations. It is unfair to place his world-class work in the background and to highlight the ideas that he damaged NATO, that he was manipulated by the French intelligence services for the benefit of the Russians. The hypothesis is structured around the research question: is Mihai Caraman a victim of history or not? Suspicions are woven around the good French-Romanian relations during the De Gaulle regime, Caraman can boast a prodigious intelligence gathering activity. His indisputable merits build and maintain a leader of vocation, affirmed in the creation and coordination of the Network that bears his name.

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Implicațiile lacunelor legislative asupra activitații de constatare a contraventiilor cu incidență asupra normelor de conviețuire socială și a ordinii și liniștii publice

Implicațiile lacunelor legislative asupra activitații de constatare a contraventiilor cu incidență asupra normelor de conviețuire socială și a ordinii și liniștii publice

Author(s): Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN,Denisa-Cristina Niță / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

We chose this subject because we believe it represents a head topic for public order activity, especially regarding law enforcement. In the content of the article, we decided to approach some of the similarities in the provisions of the Criminal Code, Law no. 61/1991, respectively Law no. 4/2008.Analyzing the normative framework from the perspective of law enforcement by public order bodies, certain existing challenges can be found during the execution of the missions in terms of the legal framing of the facts, respectively risks that fall on the erroneous application of a misdemeanor punishment for committing an act of a criminal nature. At the same time, it was analysed the managing of a specific case in the sports environment by the bodies empowered to apply sanctions or to ascertain the commission of the act (eg: the statements of former coach Oprița Daniel from the fall of 2022, in the context of confrontations between the gendarmes and CSA Steaua supporters which resulted in acts of violence).

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ORDINEA PUBLICĂ ȘI SIGURANȚA CETĂȚEANULUI

ORDINEA PUBLICĂ ȘI SIGURANȚA CETĂȚEANULUI

Author(s): Nicolae-Cătălin Dănilă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

At the center of the concerns of the public authorities are public order and the safety of the citizen, as major benchmarks that condition the proper functioning of the competent state bodies. A particularly important place is occupied by ensuring and maintaining public order and public security, the administration of bodies whose attributions include the defense of the political regime, the interests of citizens, measures that contribute to the execution of laws and court decisions, good coexistence in society, as well as good functioning of state services. Moreover, public order is a state of law and fact that allows the achievement of the balance based on the social consensus necessary for the optimal functioning of the social whole under the conditions of internal legal regulations, consecrating the defense and respect for the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens, public and private property, to the other supreme values, in order to promote and affirm social progress in a democratic society. Ensuring public order represents an essential requirement of internal stability that guarantees the provision of conditions corresponding to the establishment of a state governed by law. Of particular importance in the performance of the function of guaranteeing and ensuring public order, the security of the person and society is the coordination activity of the bodies meant to ensure public order.In other words, ensuring public order is a social necessity, carried out through specific activities of special bodies - public order forces, which represent authorities holding powers and attributions in matters of public order and which, by law and other normative acts, are confers tasks in the exercise of the state police right.

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RAPORTURILE JURIDICE DE MUNCĂ ALE FUNCȚIONARILOR PUBLICI

RAPORTURILE JURIDICE DE MUNCĂ ALE FUNCȚIONARILOR PUBLICI

Author(s): Andrei-Răzvan Iordache,Luca Imandi / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Through this paper, a brief analysis of the labor relationships of public officials was intended. Different political systems around the world have led to various employment relationships in the public service. While employees in some countries have the right to collectively bargain, regarding the legal employment relationship of public officials in Romania, they cannot negotiate the rights and obligations that make up the content of the employment relationship, nor can they modify them later, as the decision belongs to the public authority or institution where they work. Therefore, the modification of employment relationships is the result of the unilateral manifestation of will by the public institution, which has the right to withdraw or confer responsibilities. The article falls under the section "Personal Safety and Building Social Capital" since it addresses the obligation to understand the relationships that arise with the acquisition of the status of an employee in the public sector. These relationships come with obligations and rights that generate certain responsibilities for the public official. Therefore, public officials must have a clear understanding of their employment relationship to perform their duties correctly and uphold the principles of labor.

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ROLUL POLIȚIEI FEROVIARE ÎN LUPTA ÎMPOTRIVA DEȚINERII ȘI CONSUMULUI DE DROGURI ÎN TRENURILE DE CĂLĂTORI

ROLUL POLIȚIEI FEROVIARE ÎN LUPTA ÎMPOTRIVA DEȚINERII ȘI CONSUMULUI DE DROGURI ÎN TRENURILE DE CĂLĂTORI

Author(s): Lucian GRĂJDEANU,Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In general, rail transport is regarded as one of the safest modes of transport, especially when compared to road transport – a fact demonstrated by the reduced number of accidents and resulting casualties in the rail system. However, in recent years, new challenges have arisen for the Rail Transport Police in terms of passenger safety and protection, as many cases of drug possession and use have begun to emerge, particularly among young people who use means of rail transport during the summer season or at various concerts (UNTOLD, Electric Castle, etc.) or in the case of supporters of football teams traveling by train. This article draws attention to such a phenomenon, as well as the need to adapt police prevention and combat measures accordingly (increasing visibility in the field, use of dogs specialized in drug detection on platforms, strengthening intra- and inter-institutional cooperation).

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DEPENDENŢA DE JOCURI DE NOROC ŞI PREDISPOZIŢIA INFRACŢIONALĂ

DEPENDENŢA DE JOCURI DE NOROC ŞI PREDISPOZIŢIA INFRACŢIONALĂ

Author(s): Mihai-Ionuț Răduță,Cătălin-Cristian Marin / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The study approach and deals with gambling addiction and the correlative criminal predisposition, from the perspective of the practitioner - specialized state authority for the enforcement of the criminal law. In this context, the aspects highlighted in the study will be passed through the filter of the criminal law, but the criminological sphere specific to this type of subjects will not be left unapproached, with all the social implications arising from manic behavior.The study will be structured in four chapters (and subsections where appropriate), as follows: I. Introductory aspects; II. Social aspects; 2.1 The behavior of the subject in the family environment, 2.2 The behavior of the subject at work; III. Criminal and criminological aspects; 3.1 The appearance of the criminal thought; 3.2. Types of crimes committed depending on the subject's field of activity; 3.3 Aspects of judicial practice; IV. Conclusions and proposals; Bibliography. The study as a whole is addressed to both theoreticians and practitioners, being able to become a pillar of reference in the matter of combating the crimes committed by this segment of subjects and, why not, in the matter of preventing niche criminality.

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ROLUL INSTALAȚIEI DE STINGERE AUTOMATĂ A INCENDIILOR PENTRU SECURITATEA DEPOZITELOR

ROLUL INSTALAȚIEI DE STINGERE AUTOMATĂ A INCENDIILOR PENTRU SECURITATEA DEPOZITELOR

Author(s): Emanuil-Petru Ovadiuc,Manuel Șerban / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The article describes a simulation of a fire in a plastic and polypropylene storage warehouse using Pyrosim software. The warehouse has a 40 cm thick concrete floor and is 34.02 m long, 23.73 m wide, and 8.38 m high. Temperature distribution during the fire was monitored using vertical and horizontal temperature plans. The highest temperature of 1020°C was recorded in the vertical plan passing through the fire, and at a height of 1.7 meters, the temperature reached 120°C, making it difficult for firefighters to enter the storage area. Finally, the article highlights the importance of an automatic sprinkler extinguishing system to prevent explosions and rapid fire spread throughout the warehouse.

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Estimarea concentrației radionuclizilor în aer, pe baza ratei de eliberare a radionuclizilor în atmosferă în cazul unui incendiu

Estimarea concentrației radionuclizilor în aer, pe baza ratei de eliberare a radionuclizilor în atmosferă în cazul unui incendiu

Author(s): Irinel Alexandru Precup,Liviu Valentin Bălănescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In the event of a fire involving radioactive materials, the burning of these materials can lead to the release of radioactive gases, which can spread into the atmosphere and be inhaled by humans, posing risks to their health. The purpose of detecting radionuclides is to identify their presence in various media, such as water, air or soil, in order to evaluate their impact on human health and the environment, and to ensure a safe working and living environment for people. Radionuclide detection can also be used to assess the effectiveness of radiation protection and control measures. A specially designed computer system for calculating the release rate of radionuclides can ensure that radionuclide emissions are maintained at acceptable levels, and that any incidents or accidental releases are detected and reported in a timely manner, ensuring a high level of safety and protection for people and the environment. Keywords: radionuclides, release rate, dispersion, half-life, fire.

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UTILIZAREA PROGRAMULUI ALOHA ÎN GESTIONAREA RISCULUI CHIMIC

UTILIZAREA PROGRAMULUI ALOHA ÎN GESTIONAREA RISCULUI CHIMIC

Author(s): Irinel-Ionuț Găman,Emanuil-Petru Ovadiuc,Manuel Șerban / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the ALOHA software ( Area Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres ), which is part of the CAMEO software developed by OEM ( Office of Emergency Management ) and Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) -SUA. This software allows the simulation of various scenarios and events, such as the dispersion of clouds of toxic chemicals that escape from tanks, pipes, liquid tank fires and BLEVE explosions. The evolution of the scenario can be translated into graph and can be viewed with Marplot and Google Earth programs, which locate the affected area.

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Comportarea termică a unor materiale de construcții

Comportarea termică a unor materiale de construcții

Author(s): Ioana-Emilia Șofran,Dana-Maria Preda,Ion Anghel / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Researcher have used the microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) in order to test thermal properties of common materials used in construction [such as the cardboard found in the componence of the plasterboard (PBD), expanded polystyrene (EPS) used for seiling decorations, wallpaper made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and wood particleboard (PB)] having masses between 3 and 20 milligrams. All four commercial materials have a long history in construction field with over 100 years of being used for design or insulation and they have different fire behaviours performances. The analysis were conducted under controled conditions which suppose a gradual increase of the temperature in the pyrolyzer with a heating speed equal to 1,5 ⁰C/s up to 750 ⁰C in a nitrogen atmosphere at an 80 cm3/min flow and a constant temperature value in the combustion chamber equal to 900 ⁰C in a nitrogen (80 %) and oxygen (20 %) atmosphere at a 20 cm3/min flow.

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Optimizarea intervențiilor de descarcerare și prim-ajutor calificat în situații de urgență

Optimizarea intervențiilor de descarcerare și prim-ajutor calificat în situații de urgență

Author(s): Aurel Trofin,Manuel Șerban,Ionel-Alin Mocioi / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The general principles and rules for extrication interventions and providing emergency first aid, regarding: appropriate equipment, securing the intervention site, identifying dangers and adopting extrication procedures, must be considered for any type of intervention, because the success of an intervention it is provided with competent personnel, having an appropriate endowment and following well-defined rules.In the protocols for the provision of emergency first aid, some dysfunctions were identified that must be evaluated through scientific methods of analysis, in order to identify the optimal solutions, so that appropriate operational solutions specific to the mission and the maneuvers performed are adopted.Organization and development of workshops to whom will by attended experienced specialists from the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations, will ensure the creation of a bonds between the theoretical problems specific to the topics covered and the real problems faced by specialists for emergency situations in the interventions to which they are requested, and the final result will consist in the identification of reliable solutions for solving the currently existing dysfunctions, respecting the specific intervention procedures and the legislation in force.Identifying the dysfunctions faced by professionals for emergency situations at the specific interventions, establishing optimal measures and tasks based on legislation, procedures and protocols and even results from scientific and experimental research, disseminating them within operative structures, but also at the level of institutions of initial and continuous training, constitutes a real professional success, so that the success of the interventions is guaranteed, and the civil society benefits from full support from the emergency services.

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Analiza unor cauze atipice privind producerea incendiilor la ambulanțe

Analiza unor cauze atipice privind producerea incendiilor la ambulanțe

Author(s): Marian Truță / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The paper analyses the main factors that cause fires in vehicles. The paper also aims to present two particular cases in which fires in ambulances had unusual causes. The analysis of common causes of vehicle fires and unusual causes will highlight a number of relevant conclusions regarding the circumstances of vehicle fires and a number of measures to be taken to reduce the risk of vehicle fires.

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