DRUŠTVENI ASPEKTI POLITIČKOG SISTEMA

Author(s): Zlatiborka Popov-Momčinović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

S obzirom da nijedan politički sistem ne postoji tako reći u „bezvazdušnom“ prostoru, već funkcioniše u određenom društvenom kontekstu, da bi se bolje ušlo u smisao i različite aspekte njegovog funkcionisanja neophodno je ukazati i na njegove strukturno- kulturne uslovljenosti. U tu svrhu se najčešće koristi sintagma civilno društvo, s obzirom da se radi o onom aspektu društvenosti koji je važan indikator načina i stila vladanja i procesa donošenja ključnih političkih odluka, kako u smeru od društva prema vlasti, tako i u smeru od vlasti prema društvu. Pored praktične važnosti, radi se i o sintetičkom terminu koji u sebi inkorporira i druge bitne aspekte društvenosti, budući da se puna „zrelost“ i konsolidacija demokratskog, civilnog društva ne može očekivati u okolnostima velike socijalne i ekonomske deprivacije, nezaposlenosti, slabe i marginalizovane srednje klase, lošeg obrazovnog sistema, rodne neravnopravnosti i dr.

Wpływ portu lotniczego na gospodarkę regionu

Author(s): Sonia Huderek-Glapska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Przedmiotem artykułu są społeczno-ekonomiczne efekty kreowane przez funkcjonowanie i rozbudowę portu lotniczego. Przedstawiono model wpływu portu lotniczego na otoczenie ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem efektów społeczno-ekonomicznych. Następnie dokonano przeglądu metod obliczania tych efektów, biorąc pod uwagę badania w USA i w Europie oraz wyniki pierwszych w Polsce analiz ekonomicznego wpływu portu lotniczego na otoczenie przeprowadzonych przez zespół naukowy z Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu. Na podstawie wyników badań w polskich portach zbudowano model ekonomicznego wpływu portu lotniczego na rozwój regionu, który może być pomocny właścicielom i zarządcom portów lotniczych w obliczaniu efektów ekonomicznych.

Genderovaný pracovní trh: proměny diskurzu

Author(s): Michaela Appeltová,Nina Bosničová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

№80: Germany’s Marriage to Austerity: Little Chance of a Quick Divorce

Author(s): Sebastian Płóciennik / Language(s): English

The German government’s belief that the best recipe for return to growth in the euro area is a combination of budget cuts and reductions in wages is one that is faced with constant, if not rising scepticism in Europe. However, hopes that Berlin will drop its austerity approach should be kept in check. The country’s economic culture, doctrine, form of capitalism, as well as economic interests all speak to the policy’s durability than its quick departure.

Protests in Hungary: No Significant Consequences for the Government

Author(s): Veronika Jóźwiak / Language(s): English

Protests in Hungary that have been ongoing since mid-December against changes to labour laws and the judicial system will not weaken the authorities and will not lead to a socio-political crisis. The joint participation of opposition parties in the street demonstrations will not translate into political cooperation. The upcoming election campaign for European Parliament (EP) will reveal the diverging interests of the opposition forces. Competition between them is likely to help the governing Fidesz achieve a clear victory. The chances trade unions will hold a general strike are small, also due to legal restrictions introduced earlier by the government.

Protesty na Węgrzech – bez znaczących konsekwencji dla rządu

Author(s): Veronika Jóźwiak / Language(s): Polish

Trwające na Węgrzech od połowy grudnia protesty m.in. przeciwko zmianom w kodeksie pracy i sądownictwie nie doprowadzą do osłabienia władz i kryzysu społeczno-politycznego. Wspólny udział partii opozycyjnych w demonstracjach ulicznych nie przełoży się na ich współpracę polityczną. Różnice interesów uwidoczni kampania przed majowymi wyborami do Parlamentu Europejskiego (PE). Konkurencja między siłami opozycji prawdopodobnie ułatwi Fideszowi odniesienie wyraźnego zwycięstwa. Szanse na zorganizowanie przez związki zawodowe strajku powszechnego są niewielkie, m.in. ze względu na restrykcje prawne wprowadzone wcześniej przez rząd.

Changes in German Immigration Policy

Author(s): Lidia Gibadło / Language(s): English

The increase in labour demand is prompting the German authorities to introduce immigration policy reforms. However, the changes must take into account the growing social concerns related to the inflow of foreigners. The government plans to open the country’s labour market to selected citizens of countries outside the EU, but with distinct restrictions. Work on the new regulations and implementation may be a valuable source of experience for Poland, which also faces a dilemma of how to open up to labour immigration.

Zmiany w polityce imigracyjnej Niemiec

Author(s): Lidia Gibadło / Language(s): Polish

Zapotrzebowanie na siłę roboczą skłania władze RFN do reformy polityki imigracyjnej. Zmiany te muszą jednak uwzględnić obawy społeczne związane z napływem obcokrajowców. Rząd przewiduje otwarcie rynku pracy dla wybranych obywateli państw spoza obszaru UE, połączone jednak z istotnymi obostrzeniami. Prace nad nowymi przepisami i proces ich wdrażania mogą być cennym źródłem doświadczeń dla Polski, która również staje przed dylematem, jak szeroko otworzyć się na imigrację zarobkową.

Labour Market Reform in France: Prospects and Implications

Author(s): Łukasz Jurczyszyn / Language(s): English

The labour market in France has been one of the weakest points of its economy for several decades. Entrepreneurs lack qualified employees and yet high unemployment persists. That is why President Emmanuel Macron has decided to change vocational training and internships system, increase the number of people entitled to receive unemployment benefits, and reform labour law. These changes have high public support and are being undertaken with a good economy. The traditional resistance from trade unions and increasingly better organised opposition remains a challenge to Macron’s reforms.

Perspektywy i implikacje reformy rynku pracy we Francji

Author(s): Łukasz Jurczyszyn / Language(s): Polish

Rynek pracy we Francji od kilku dekad należy do najsłabszych stron francuskiej gospodarki. Przedsiębiorcom brakuje wykwalifikowanych pracowników, ale jednocześnie utrzymuje się wysokie bezrobocie. Dlatego prezydent Macron postanowił zmienić system szkoleń zawodowych i staży, zwiększyć grupę uprawnionych do świadczeń dla bezrobotnych oraz zreformować prawo pracy. Reformy mają duże poparcie społeczne oraz sprzyja im koniunktura gospodarcza. Wyzwaniem pozostaje jednak opór związków zawodowych i coraz lepiej zorganizowanej opozycji.

Wpływ Brexitu na sytuację imigrantów ekonomicznych w Wielkiej Brytanii: implikacje dla Polski i polskich obywateli

Author(s): Karolina Borońska-Hryniewiecka / Language(s): Polish

Wyjście Wielkiej Brytanii z Unii Europejskiej może mieć negatywne konsekwencje ekonomiczno-społeczne zarówno dla obywateli UE mieszkających w Zjednoczonym Królestwie, jak i dla Brytyjczyków w krajach UE. Skala i charakter tego wpływu zależeć będą od modelu przyszłych relacji Wielkiej Brytanii ze Wspólnotą oraz tempa osiągnięcia porozumienia w tej sprawie. Ograniczenie imigracji zarobkowej w wyniku Brexitu zaszkodzi jednak najbardziej brytyjskiej gospodarce i rynkowi pracy. Dla Polski natomiast – w obliczu negatywnych zmian demograficznych – perspektywa powrotu części imigrantów do kraju może być korzystna.

Aktivne politike zapošljavanja u BiH: Zašto više pažnje trebamo posvetiti programima obuke?

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian

Aktivne politike zapošljavanja (APZ) u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) nedovoljno su razvijene. Javna potrošnja na APZ-e je niska i u 2014. godini iznosila je 0,15% BDP-a zemlje dok, u prosjeku, zemlje EU na aktivne mjere izdvajaju oko 0,45% BDP-a. Pri tome, u prioritizaciji potrošnje na mjere zapošljavanja, APZ-i imaju tercijarni značaj i uglavnom se finansiraju iz sredstava javnih zavoda / službi za zapošljavanje (JSZ) preostalih nakon izmirenja operativnih troškova JSZ-a i troškova pasivnih mjera. Obuhvat radne snage programima APZ-a iznosi svega 1% dok, poređenja radi, u zemljama OECD-a za koje su dostupni podaci, iznosi oko 4%. Postojeće analize također ukazuju na neadekvatno ciljanje ovih programa, često na kategorije koje imaju veće izglede za zaposlenje (poput mladih sa svršenim visokim obrazovanjem i sl.). Nadalje, kapaciteti JSZ-a su nedostatni, što smanjuje mogućnosti za adekvatnu implementaciju programa APZ-a. Na koncu, u proteklom periodu nisu etablirani mehanizmi niti unificirana metodologija za sistematsku evaluaciju ovih programa u okviru JSZ-a. Osim navedenih problema u pogledu razvijenosti i implementacije programa APZ-a, također se može postaviti pitanje adekvatnosti postojećeg dizajna aktivnih politika, uzmu li se u obzir međunarodni trendovi u ovoj oblasti, kao i lokalni socioekonomski kontekst. Postojeći APZ-i predstavljaju set izolovanih intervencija na tržištu rada koje su pretežno orijentirane na izravno zapošljavanje ciljnih skupina u svrhu sanacije nekih od gorućih posljedica postojećeg socioekonomskog stanja u BiH. Međutim, one su u vrlo maloj mjeri usmjerene na investiranje u razvoj ljudskih potencijala i osnaživanje konkurentnosti nezaposlenih lica, što bi dugoročno doprinijelo unapređenju funkcioniranja tržišta rada.

STUDENT PRACTICE IN MONTENEGRO - BETWEEN ASPIRATIONS AND REALITY - LESSONS LEARNED FROM PROJECT «ACTIVE STUDENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT»

Author(s): Damir Nikočević,Andrea Lekić,Andrijana Radević,Anđela Nenadić,Bojan Vukojičić,Dušan Pejaković,Jelena Kontić,Marija Bulatović,Nina Đuranović,Rajko Vučetić,Vanja Đikanović / Language(s): English

Youth unemployment is one of the greatest problems which countries of region and Europe are facing. There are numerous reasons for such state. Incompatibility of educational system with needs of labour market results in saturation of certain professions, while highly specialised areas remain in deficit, are only some of those reasons. Global economic crisis, as well as the absence of adequate state intervention do not contribute to resolving the identified challenges.

Far behind Riga: Latvia’s problems with uneven development

Author(s): Bartosz Chmielewski / Language(s): English

Latvia’s economic situation is gradually deteriorating due to its uneven development. One of the main reasons for this is that the metropolis of Riga accounts for as much as two-thirds of the country’s economic growth. Economic and social indicators for Latvia’s regions are sometimes several times lower than those for its capital. The non-metropolitan areas are struggling with numerous problems: high unemployment, an aging population, deteriorating living standards, insufficient medical care, or a shrinking network of educational institutions. Another important fact is that local governments often function like ‘appanage principalities’. If the current trends continue, the state will continue to fall behind its neighbours Estonia and Lithuania.

Russia: funding the war eases the consequences of sanctions

Author(s): Iwona Wiśniewska / Language(s): English

Preliminary estimates by Rosstat indicate that in Q1 2023 Russia’s GDP decreased by 1.9% y/y, although earlier in its report the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (CBR) estimated the decrease at 2.3%. In this context, it is worth noting that statistics published in Russia should always be taken with a grain of salt (for more see ‘The credibility of Russian economic statistics is a growing problem’). The CBR estimates that as a whole Russia’s economic growth rate in 2023 will be 0.5–2%of GDP. The CBR analysts expect to see particularly positive macroeconomic indicators in Q2 2023 figures, due to the low comparative base. Russia’s economic growth in 2023 has also been announced by some international institutions; for example, the International Monetary Fund says that this rate will be 0.7% of GDP. However, some international forecasts expect recession to continue in Russia: the OECD predicts that Russia’s GDP will decline by 2.5%, and the European Commission spells a decrease of 0.9%.

Refugees from Ukraine Adapting to the European Labour Market

Author(s): Jolanta Szymańska / Language(s): English

Due to the length of the war in Ukraine, more and more refugees from this country have decided to take up employment in the EU. Preliminary data indicate that they are integrating into European labour markets faster than refugees from other regions. However, the mismatch between their jobs and qualifications remains a challenge. Despite the refugees’ inclusion, the deteriorating economic situation in Europe may lead to negative perceptions in host countries.

Protection of Digital Platform Workers in the EU

Author(s): Marta Makowska / Language(s): English

The European Commission (EC) has proposed a directive that provides protection of people performing work for digital platforms, especially in professions that do not require specialist qualifications. If the proposal is accepted in the shape presented by the EC, it will be a breakthrough solution on a global scale that adjusts labour law to the challenges of the digital economy. It will also strengthen the EU’s position in relations with platforms.

Socijalna uključenost povratnica u Bosni i Hercegovini - Razvijanje mjera za aktivno trište rada sa fokusom na povratnice

Author(s): Besima Borić / Language(s): Bosnian

Odgovoriti na pitanje koje je mjere aktivne politike zapošljavanja, sa fokusom na žene povratnice, potrebno poduzeti i predložiti, traži i odgovor na nekoliko bitnih i nezaobilaznih pitanja koja zadiru u samu bit života i rada u Bosni i Hercegovini. Događaji iz nedavne prošlosti, politička volja, ustavno uređenje, institucionalna i pravna spremnost, ekonomska razvijenost, perspektive evropskog puta i zakonske usklađenosti sa evropskim standardima, povratak kao takav, položaj žena općenito i specifično u oblasti rada i zapošljavanja, briga o ljudima, koordinacija resornih subjekata po vertikali i horizontali, itd. Sve su ovo pitanja koja utiču na ovu oblast. Ovaj rad nema ambiciju odgovoriti na sve njih niti dati rješenja za niz nezavršenih i nedorečenih, a uvezanih procesa, koji, više ili manje, bitno utiču i na pitanja u fokusu ove analize, ali ima ambiciju snano naglasiti bitnost stanja u svim nabrojanim oblastim, kao kočnice u bržem rješavanju pitanja rada i zapošljavanja povratnika, i svakako, poloaja žena u tom kontekstu. Ipak, da bi odgovorili na pitanje u fokusu, ova analiza će se pozabaviti pitanjem povratka općenito u Bosni i Hercegovini, te položajem povratnika i povratnica, kao i pitanjem (ne)zaposlenosti općenito, sa fokusom na položaj žena, a posebno povratnica, na bosanskohercegovačkom trištu rada.

Analiza pravnog i institucionalnog okvira u vezi sa zapošljavanjem u javnom sektoru

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Serbian

This analysis was prepared within the framework of the project Towards Transparency in Staff Recruitment, which is jointly implemented by the Center for Free Elections and Democracy (CeSID), the PALGO Center and the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN) with the support of the European Union. The aim of the analysis is to provide insight into the legal and institutional framework for employment in the public sector, as well as to present the main characteristics of such systems in several selected European Union countries. In this sense, it is divided into two main parts - an analysis of the domestic framework (section 2) and a presentation of selected comparative legal solutions (section 3). Together with the results of the research on employment practices in selected public sector organizations, it should serve as a basis for formulating recommendations for improving regulations and employment practices in the public sector in Serbia.

Regulisanje pravnog položaja migranata u iregularnom statusu i pristup pravu na rad i pravu na obrazovanje

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian

The document Regulating the legal position of migrants in irregular status and access to the right to work and the right to education was created as a result of one of the activities on the project Guidelines for Migrants - a guide through the labyrinth, which aims to provide migrants with support in regulating their legal status and to ensure access to appropriate education and employment in the Republic of Serbia (RS) in accordance with their legal status. Project activities are divided into three groups and include: 1) direct support activities for migrants and migrant children; 2) advocacy activities (policies related to the legal and strategic framework of Serbia that protects the rights of migrants); 3) awareness-raising activities (local campaigns on the rights of migrants to employment and education).